Assignment - 2

SUGGESTED ANSWERS
1) From excel sheets….
a)

Stress-Strain Curve
35

30

25
Stress N/mm2

20

15

10

0
0 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.01 0.012
Strain

a)30.52 MPa
b)6593.5MPa and 6539.6 MPa
c)0.63% and 0.95%
b)
Mean water absorption capacity = 13.93%
After comparing it with the limit mentioned in IS 3495, as it is less than 15% they are considered as
“up to 12.5 MPa” brick class.

SD= 1.21 and CV= 0.087

c)

Stress-Strain curve
12

10

8
Stress N/mm2

0
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08
Strain
 a)10.68 MPa
b)2934.9 MPa and 1923.7(2932.11?) MPa
c)1.68% and 7.5%
d)

Stress- Strain curve

4
3.5
3
Stress N/mm2

2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
0 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.005 0.006 0.007
Strain

a)3.48MPa
b)1573 MPa and 1551.12 MPa
c)0.23% and0.58%
e)
1) bending tension perpendicular to the bed-joints
flexural tensile strength-
a) 0.31 MPa
b) 0.26 MPa
OSR=1.61
2) bending tension parallel to the bed-joints
flexural tensile strength-
a) 0.48 MPa
b) 0.38 MPa
OSR=1.61

2) Following are functions of a few building materials

a) Functions of Mortar:
i. Bonds between ties and anchors so that all elements perform as an integral unit.
ii. Bonds to joint reinforcement to assist in resisting shrinkage and tension.
iii. Enhances compressive strength of the masonry system.
iv. It extends before cracking. Soft mortars grow better than hard mortars.
v. Seals joints against penetration by air and moisture.
b) Functions of Grout:
i. Bonds the masonry units to perform as one masonry system.
ii. Structurally bond separate wall elements together.
iii. It increases volume for fire resistance.
iv. Grouted cells increase the bearing area for resisting higher compressive loads.
 v. The grouted cells also increase the stiffness of the wall and thus increase their
resistance to lateral loads.
c) Functions of Reinforcement:
i. Enhances masonry strength in tension when bars are provided in lintels, bond
beams and walls subjected to out-of-plane loads etc.,
ii. Enhances masonry strength in compression

3) In Standard Prism Test, the correction factor is considered based on the h/t ratio.
h/t ratio indicates the type of failure, as mentioned below:
a) Low h/t ratio (less than 1.5) causes conical shear compression failure due to the effect of
end confinement.
b) Sufficient h/t ratio (1.5 to 5) causes vertical cracking through masonry units.
c) High h/t ratio (more than 5) causes buckling.

4) One-way bending action:

a) It is of two types:
i. Horizontal one-way bending and
ii. Vertical one-way bending.
b) Opposite sides of the masonry wall are restricted.
i. Horizontal bending occurs if vertical edges are restrained and
ii. Vertical bending occurs if horizontal edges are restrained.
c) Failure plane is either vertical or horizontal.
i. For a horizontal bending case, failure plane along the vertical axis of the
wall and
ii. For a vertical bending case, failure plane along the horizontal axis of the
wall.

Two-way bending action:

a) Also known as Diagonal bending, resulting from simultaneous action of horizontal and
vertical bending.
b) Two-way bending is caused by any of the following,
i. All four sides are restrained or
ii. If any of the three sides are restrained or
iii. If two adjacent sides are restrained.
c) Failure plane is along the diagonal of the wall.

5) Following are the different tests used to determine the masonry behaviour in flexural
tension:
a) Bond Wrench Test: It is performed to get flexural tensile strength normal to the bed
joint.
Knowing whether the failure is within the mortar at the joint this test, aids in
determining the order of brick strength and joint strength.
 b) Modified Bond Wrench Test: It is performed parallel to the bed joint to find flexural
tensile strength.
c) Three Point Bending Test- Parallel to bed joint: It is performed parallel to bed joint
d) Three Point Bending Test- Perpendicular to bed joint: It is performed perpendicular to
the bed joint
e) Four Point Bending Test- Parallel to bed joint: It is performed parallel to bed joint
f) Four Point Bending Test- Perpendicular to bed joint: It is performed perpendicular to
bed joint

6) The following are difference between Shear strength of Masonry Assembly and Shear
Strength of Bed Joint:

S.no Shear Strength of Masonry Assembly Shear Strength of Bed Joint

i) The limiting shear strength of
assemblage depends on the lowest of
the unit and the joint strengths.
ii) Depends on the support conditions of
the assemblage
iii) Shear strength is calculated by
Diagonal Tension/Compression test
iv)
Depends only on the strength of the joint
mortar and its adhesion capacity.
Does not depend on the support
condition of the assemblage
Shear strength is calculated by couplet
and triplet tests.

v)