Remember Thus, by substitution,

Pre-
Calculus

EXAMPLE 2
Determine the coordinates of the foci, vertices, co-vertices, and the
asymptotes of the hyperbola with equation .

SOLUTION:
From the given equation, the transverse axis of the hyperbola is on the
y - axis, a2 = 4 and b2 = 16. Hence, a = 2 and b = 4.
Solving the value of Thus, by substitution,
Quarter 1 Week 4 - A
(STEM _PC11AG-Id-1)
The learner defines a hyperbola.

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Directions: Give the coordinates of the foci, vertices, co-vertices and the
This MathPACKS is published to be utilized by the Schools Division of Iloilo.
asymptotes of the hyperbola with the given equation.
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 The hyperbola with center at the origin has the standard equation
GENERALIZATIONS if the transverse axis of the hyperbola is on the x - axis (Figure 2) or
if the transverse axis of the hyperbola is on the y - axis (Figure 3).
A hyperbola is the set of all points (x, y) in a plane such that the
difference of its distances from two fixed points called foci (plural of focus)
is a positive constant. The line containing the two foci of the hyperbola is
called the focal axis. The center of the hyperbola is on the focal axis
midway between the two foci. The focal axis intersects the hyperbola at two
different points called vertices. The line segment connecting the vertices is
called the transverse axis. The line segment passing through the center
and is perpendicular to the transverse axis is called the conjugate axis
whose endpoints are called the co-vertices. The transverse axis and the
conjugate axis bisects each other at the center of the hyperbola. Every
hyperbola has two axes of symmetry and two asymptotes that pass
through its center. Figure 2 Figure 3
Figure 1 below shows the different parts of the hyperbola. The asymptotes of the hyperbola are the extended auxiliary rectangle
whose sides are parallel and perpendicular to the transverse axis and of
lengths 2a and 2b.
If the transverse axis is on the x-axis, the equations of the asymptotes
are If the transverse axis is on the y-axis, the equations of the
as- ymptotes are

EXAMPLE 1

Determine the coordinates of the foci, vertices, co-vertices, and the

asymptotes of the hyperbola with equation

SOLUTION:
Figure 1
From the given equation, the transverse axis of the hyperbola is on the
x - axis, a2 = 16, and b2 = 9. Hence, a = 4 and b = 3.
The distance from the center to each vertex is a units; hence, the length of Solving the value of
the transverse axis is 2a. The distance from the center to each co-vertex is
b units; hence, the length of the conjugate axis is 2b. The distance from the
center to each focus is c units where c2 = a2 + b2 .
For any point on the hyperbola, the absolute value of the difference of
its distances from the two foci is 2a.

Ref