PICE Manual of Professional Practice:

CLASSIFICATION OF
ENGINEERING SERVICES
OBJECTIVES
• Determine and discuss the different professional
services offered by civil engineers; and

• Give students insights on possible career paths

as future civil engineers
What do you think are the services
offered by civil engineers?

www.menti.com
Code: 8668 6258
2.1

General
2.1 General
- The need for professional civil engineering services vary, and the
civil engineering firms that meet these needs vary in
organizational structure, size, and capability.
- Many civil engineering firms provide comprehensive services to
the client, while other firms specialize in areas of engineering
and provide their services to a prime engineer, architect, or
owner.
2.1 General
- Few civil engineering firms are qualified to provide complete
service for all projects, and the use of associate professionals to
provide specialized services is common.
Services provided by Civil Engineers can be grouped into seven
broad categories:
1. Consultations, research, investigations, and reports
2. Design services for construction projects
3. Construction services
4. Special services for construction projects
5. Engineering support services
6. Academic services
7. Services as Employee
The types of infrastructure under the domain of civil
engineering, pursuant to RA 544 or The Civil Engineering Law,
as amended by RA 1582, include:
1. Streets, bridges, highways and railroads
2. Airport and hangars
3. Portworks, canals, river and shore improvements, lighthouses
and dry docks
4. Buildings
The types of infrastructure under the domain of civil
engineering, pursuant to RA 544 or The Civil Engineering
Law, as amended by RA 1582, include:
5. Fixed structures for irrigation, flood protection, drainage, water
supply and sewerage works
6. Tunnels
*The coverage of civil engineering has not been changed nor
diminished by subsequent laws.
2.2

Consultations,
Research,
Investigations
and Reports
2.2.1 Preliminary and Feasibility
Investigations and Reports
- Extensive investigations, analyses of conditions, and
comparison of several plans.
2.2.2 Planning Studies

- Long-range capital improvement programs

- Preparation of preliminary engineering of land
development plans, urban plans, and regional plans
- Investigation of environmental conditions
2.2.3 Appraisals, Valuations and
Rate Studies
- Investigations and analyses of existing conditions
- Capital and operating costs
- Overhead costs and costs of financing
- Revenues
2.2.4 Assistance in Financial
Matters
- Evaluation of capabilities of existing or proposed facilities
to meet present and projected future needs
- Statements of probable construction costs
- Estimate of annual revenue requirements
2.2.5 Materials Engineering and
Equipment Tests
- Tests of materials and equipment under established
codes and standards
- Specialized examination of equipment and materials
used in construction and industry
2.2.6 Direct Personal Services

- Assistance in preparation for legal proceedings.

2.2.7 Research and Development

- Research is a specialized investigation and gathering of

data from existing resources or through laboratory works
and processes related to the purpose and object of the
research.
- Development
- Improvement
-
2.2.8 Special Services

- These services can vary to suit the special needs of the

client and can include such diverse activities as:
- Value engineering
- Appraisal and valuation
- Load testing
- Environmental evaluations
2.2.8 Special Services

- Traffic engineering
- Forensic engineering for structural and other
failures
- Operational assistance
- Materials process design
- Pilot studies
2.2.8 Special Services

- Computer modeling
- Safety engineering
- Topographic, sounding and boundary survey
engineering
- Toxic and hazardous waste evaluation
2.2.8 Special Services

- Permit and application services

- Sales and marketing services
- Expert witness
- Representation of municipal or private entities in
projects proposed for privatization
2.3

Design Services
for Construction
Projects
Civil engineering services are required for each of six (6) typical
phases of a construction project. The six standard phases of a
construction project are:
1. Study and Report Phase
2. Preliminary Design Phase
3. Final Design Phase
4. Bidding or Negotiating Phase
5. Construction Phase
6. Operation Phase
2.3.1 Study and Report Phase
This phase involves determination of project scope and
economic and technical evaluation of feasible alternatives.
The services performed may include:
- Reviewing available data and consulting with
client;
- Advising the client the necessity of providing
additional data or services, and assisting in
obtaining such data and services;
2.3.1 Study and Report Phase
- Identifying requirements of governmental
authorities and participating in consultations with
such authorities;
- Providing analyses, planning surveys,comparative
evaluations, and solutions;
- Providing a general economic analysis; and
- Preparing a report and presenting alternative
solutions.
2.3.2 Preliminary Design Phase
This phase involves the establishment of the general size
and scope of the project and its location.
The services may include:
- Consulting with client, reviewing preliminary
reports, defining project requirements, reviewing
available data, and discussing general scheduling;
2.3.2 Preliminary Design Phase
- Advising the client whether additional data or
services described under the study and report
phase are required, and assisting in obtaining such
data and services;
- Preparing preliminary design documents;
- Preparing revised estimates of probable total
project costs; and
- Providing periodic status reports.
2.3.3 Final Design Phase
This phase of project development is usually undertaken
only after the client has approved the preliminary design
phase material.
The basic services may include:
- Preparation of the construction drawings and
specifications;
- Preparation and furnishing of the revised estimate
of probable total project costs;
2.3.3 Final Design Phase
- Furnishing the necessary engineering data and
assisting in the application for regulatory permits
from local, or national authorities;
- Preparing basic documents related to
construction contracts for review and approval by
the client (and the client's legal and other
advisors);
2.3.3 Final Design Phase
- Furnishing to the client specified number of copies
of drawings, specifications, and other contract
documents;
- Providing final design and construction services
for design-build contracts; and
- Providing periodic status reports.
2.3.4 Bidding or Negotiating Phase

Services under this phase may include:

- Assisting the client in advertising for and obtaining
bids or negotiating proposals for each separate
prime construction contract;
- Issuing addenda as appropriate to interpret,
clarify, expand or amend the bidding documents;
2.3.4 Bidding or Negotiating Phase

- Assisting the client in determining the qualifications

and acceptability of prospective contractors,
subcontractors, and materials suppliers;
- Consulting with and advising the client as to the
acceptability of alternative materials and equipment
proposed by the prospective constructors; and
2.3.4 Bidding or Negotiating Phase

- Attending the bid opening, preparing bid

tabulation sheets and providing assistance to the
client in evaluating bids or proposals and in
assembling and awarding contracts for
construction, materials, equipment and services.
2.3.5 Construction Phase

Services under this phase involve consulting with and

advising clients during construction.
Construction Phase Services include:
- Reviewing shop and erection drawings submitted
by the constructors;
- Reviewing laboratory, shop, and mill test reports
on materials and equipment;
2.3.5 Construction Phase

- Visiting the project site at appropriate intervals;

- Providing services during construction by a
full-time resident project representative, and by
supporting staff;
- Issuing instructions and clarifications from the
client to the contractors;
2.3.5 Construction Phase

- Making recommendations to the client on

corrective actions;
- Preparing sketches required to resolve problems
due to actual field conditions encountered;
- Determining amounts of progress payments due,
based on degree of completion of work, and
recommending issuance of such payments;
2.3.5 Construction Phase

- Observing and assisting performance tests and

initial operation of the project;
- Preparing record drawings from information
submitted by the contractor;
- Making a final inspection and reporting on
completion of the project including
recommendations.
2.3.6 Operation Phase

The Civil Engineer may provide a basic service such as:

- Assist in the start-up of project operations;
- Commissioned to prepare a manual for both
operation and maintenance requirements;
- Provide assistance in adjusting and balancing
equipment;
2.3.6 Operation Phase

- Identify deficiencies and assist in obtaining

corrections, and performing inspection prior to the
end of the project warranty period; and
- Assist in operator training, setting up job
classifications and salaries, organizing the
purchase of supplies developing charts for
recording operational data, and observing and
reporting on project operations.
2.4

Construction
Services
2.4 Construction Services
- A registered Civil Engineer may engage in construction
contracting after being licensed as a contractor by the
Contractors Accreditation Board. It is considered UNETHICAL
for a civil engineer to allow his/her license to be used by any
other construction company except his/her own.
2.4 Construction Services
- A registered Civil Engineer may provide the services of a
supporting technical employee as required of a construction
company. He shall however, be paid the professional fees, in
addition to his regular salary, for any design work he/she
performs for he/she signs as professional Civil Engineer and/or
engineer on record.
2.4 Construction Services
- A Civil Engineer may be employed as a construction engineer,
resident Civil Engineer, project engineer, quality control
engineer, cost engineer or engineer inspector in a project. In
accordance with Section 23 of RA 544, only registered Civil
Engineers can take charge or supervise construction or
alteration of any building or structure and any other civil
engineering works mentioned in Section 2 of the mentioned
Republic Act. The Civil Engineer, when employed, is similarly
required to comply with the code of ethics of the profession as
the consulting Civil Engineer.
 BONUS
ACTIVITY
2.5

Special Services
for Construction
Projects
2.5 Special Services for
Construction Projects
- Special services required during the study, design,
construction, and operation phases of a construction
project may include investigations, reports, and activities
beyond the scope of the basic services.
2.5 Special Services for
Construction Projects
- Geotechnical engineering
- Special studies, tests, and process determinations
- Land surveys, establishment of boundaries and
monuments, preparation of easement descriptions, and
related computations and drawings.
2.5 Special Services for
Construction Projects
- Engineering and topographic surveys
- Mill, shop, or laboratory inspections
- Additional copies of reports, construction drawings,
specifications, and other documents
- Extra travel and subsistence
2.5 Special Services for
Construction Projects
- Value engineering
- Redesigning
- Expert witness
- Final investigations
- Preparation of detailed applications
2.5 Special Services for
Construction Projects
- Plotting, computing, and filing of subdivision plans,
staking of lots
- Preparation of environmental assessment and impact
statements
- Additional studies and design efforts
2.5 Special Services for
Construction Projects
- Assistance to the client in the selection and engagement
- Assessment of a completed project
- Computer simulation and modeling
2.6

Engineering
Support Services
2.6 Engineering Support Services
The professional services described earlier often require
engineering support services.
- Geotechnical engineering frequently requires services
such as taking soil and rock borings, excavating test pits
sampling, identifying soil and earth materials, etc.
- In general civil engineering practice, support services
may involve drafting, land and construction surveying,
and other data gathering activities.
2.6 Engineering Support Services
Although persons who are not Civil Engineers
sometimes accomplish these tasks, the procurement of
adequate and correct data usually requires professional
CE judgment and guidance.
2.7

Academic
Services
2.7 Academic Services
These services involve full or part time teaching or training
of prospective professionals and also the upgrading of
knowledge and skills of fellow professionals.
Academic services may include:
- Teaching of civil engineering courses in
engineering colleges/universities on part/full time
basis;
2.7 Academic Services
- Lecturing in civil engineering courses designed by the
Philippine Institute of Civil Engineers for practicing
engineers who want to obtain CPD credits;
- Conducting tutorials/refresher courses on civil
engineering concepts and related subjects;
- Serving as a Resource Speaker in Technical Session;
- Writing technical articles and pamphlets.
2.8

Services as
Employee
2.8 Services as Employee
A condition when Civil Engineer engages to perform work or
fulfill duties regularly for wages or salary being paid by an
employer. A Civil Engineer may be:
- Employed for any position or function in any
commercial or institutional organization;
- In part time employment with a firm or consultant of
the firm;
- Employed as an individual consultant of any firm; or
- Employed by the instrumentalities of the government,
e.g., National and Local.
 BONUS
ACTIVITY
SUMMARY
Civil Engineers provide the following services:
1. Consultations, research, investigations, and reports
2. Design services for construction projects
3. Construction services
4. Special services for construction projects
5. Engineering support services
6. Academic services
7. Services as employee
“
Nothing can be of great worth
or holy which is the work of
builders and mechanics.

– Zeno, Stoic Philosopher

THANK GROUP 1
CASAS, JESSLEEN JOYCE R.
DE ROXAS, CHRISTINE JOY S.

YOU!
ENCABO, NEIL VINCENT L.
FALIC, PATRICIA DIANNE A.
VILLAPANDO, MICHAEL ANGELO P.