1. As per SA 299, “Joint Audit of F.S.

” where joint auditors are appointed, they should, by mutual discussion, divide
the audit work among themselves. The division of the work would usually be in terms of audit identifiable units or
specified area.

In respect of the audit work divided among the joint auditors, each joint auditor is responsible only for the work
allocated to him, whether or not he has prepared a separate audit of the work performed by him. On the other hand
all the joint auditors are jointly and severally responsible for the audit work which is not divided among the joint
auditors and. is carried out jointly and matters which are brought to the notice of the joint auditors by any one of
them and on which there is an agreement among the joint auditors.

In the instant case, Excellent Bank Ltd. appoints 3 joint auditor for the financial year ending 31.03.2019. All the joint
auditors divided the work with mutual consent. The only work which remained undivided was verification of
Consolidation. In accordance with SA 299, all the joint auditors are responsible for the same.

Further, during audit of zone, CA Z, one of the joint auditors expressed a concern about internal control in one of the
large corporate branches situated in his zone, however, this irregularity was not reported as 2 of the joint auditors
(i.e. majority of the joint auditors ) were not in favour of the same. Later on, fraud has been detected in the same
branch which was audited by CA. Z.

As per SA 299, before finalizing their audit report, the joint auditors shall discuss and communicate with each other
their respective conclusions that would form the content of the audit report. Further, a joint auditor is not bound
by the views of the majority of the joint auditors regarding the opinion or matters to be covered in the audit report
and shall express opinion formed by the said joint auditor in separate audit report in case of disagreement.

But in the present scenario, CA. Z brought this matter in the notice of the other 2 joint auditors and the decision for
not reporting was taken on majority basis and no separate opinion was expressed through separate audit report
pointing out irregularity. Thus, all the 3 joint auditors will be held responsible for the fraud detected in the branch
audited by CA. Z as per SA 299.

2. As per SA 560 “Subsequent Events”, the auditor shall perform audit procedures designed to obtain sufficient
appropriate audit evidence that all events occurring between the date of the financial statements and the date of the
auditor’s report that require adjustment of, or disclosure in, the financial statements have been identified. The auditor
is not, however, expected to perform additional audit procedures on matters to which previously applied audit
procedures have provided satisfactory conclusions.

The auditor shall perform the procedures required in above paragraph so that they cover the period from the date of
the financial statements to the date of the auditor’s report, or as near as practicable thereto.

Being the auditor of PQR Ltd, to ensure that all subsequent events are considered so that financial statements for the
year ending 31.03.2020 represent true and fair view, the auditor shall take into account the auditor’s risk assessment
in determining the nature and extent of such audit procedures, which shall include the following:

(a) Obtaining an understanding of any procedures management has established to ensure that subsequent events
are identified.
(b) Inquiring of management and, where appropriate, those charged with governance as to whether any subsequent
events have occurred which might affect the financial statements.
(c) Reading minutes, if any, of the meetings, of the entity’s owners, management and those charged with governance,
that have been held after the date of the financial statements and inquiring about matters discussed at any such
meetings for which minutes are not yet available.
(d) Reading the entity’s latest subsequent interim financial statements, if any.

When, as a result of the procedures performed as required above, the auditor identifies events that require
adjustment of, or disclosure in, the financial statements, the auditor shall determine whether each such event is
appropriately reflected in those financial statements.

3. As per SA 560, “Subsequent Events”, in inquiring of management and, where appropriate, those charged with
governance, as to whether any subsequent events have occurred that might affect the financial statements, the
auditor may inquire as to the current status of items that were accounted for on the basis of preliminary or
inconclusive data and may make specific inquiries about the following matters:

i. Whether new commitments, borrowings or guarantees have been entered into.

ii. Whether sales or acquisitions of assets have occurred or are planned.
iii. Whether there have been increases in capital or issuance of debt instruments, such as the issue of new shares
or debentures, or an agreement to merge or liquidate has been made or is planned.
iv. Whether any assets have been appropriated by government or destroyed, for example, by fire or flood.
v. Whether there have been any developments regarding contingencies.
vi. Whether any unusual accounting adjustments have been made or are contemplated.
vii. Whether any events have occurred or are likely to occur that will bring into question the appropriateness of
accounting policies used in the financial statements, as would be the case, for example, if such events call into
question the validity of the going concern assumption.
viii. Whether any events have occurred that are relevant to the measurement of estimates or provisions made in
the financial statements.
ix. Whether any events have occurred that are relevant to the recoverability of assets. [Any 5]

4. Operating Conditions: As per SA 570 Going Concern, operating conditions of an entity that may cast significant
doubt on the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern are:
• Management intentions to liquidate the entity or to cease operations.
• Loss of key management without replacement.
• Loss of a major market, key customer(s), franchise, license, or principal supplier(s).
• Labour difficulties.
• Shortages of important supplies.
• Emergence of a highly successful competitor
5. As per SA 570 “Going Concern”, if the auditor concludes that management’s use of the going concern basis of
accounting is appropriate in the circumstances but a material uncertainty exists, the auditor shall determine whether
the financial statements:

i. adequately disclose the principal events or conditions that may cast significant doubt on the entity’s ability
to continue as a going concern and management’s plans to deal with these events or conditions; and
ii. disclose clearly that there is a material uncertainty related to events or conditions that may cast significant
doubt on the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern and, therefore, that it may be unable to realize its
assets and discharge its liabilities in the normal course of business.

If adequate disclosure about the material uncertainty is made in the financial statements, the auditor shall express
an unmodified opinion and the auditor’s report shall include a separate section under the heading “Material
Uncertainty Related to Going Concern” to:

(i) Draw attention to the note in the financial statements that discloses the matters set out above; and

(ii) State that these events or conditions indicate that a material uncertainty exists that may cast significant doubt on
the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern and that the auditor’s opinion is not modified in respect of the
matter.
In the instant case, M/s Aircraft Ltd. is running into continuous financial losses as well as reduction in sales due to stiff
competition and frequent break down of its own aircrafts and management of Aircraft Ltd. is uncertain as of its ability
to continue in near future.

Therefore, a committee has been constituted to study this aspect and till the time study is completed management
accordingly decided to suitable disclose this aspect in notes to accounts. Therefore, the auditor should disclose about
the material uncertainty and express an unmodified opinion and in his audit report shall include a separate section
under the heading “Material Uncertainty Related to Going Concern” to draw attention to the note in the financial
statements that discloses the matters set out above; and state that these events or conditions indicate that a material
uncertainty exists that may cast significant doubt on the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern and that the
auditor’s opinion is not modified in respect of the matter.
6. As per SA 580 “Written Representations”, if the management does not provide one or more of the requested
written representations, the auditor shall:

i. Discuss the matter with management,

ii. Re-evaluate the Integrity of the management and evaluate the effect that this may have on the reliability of
representations (oral or written) and audit evidence in general, and
iii. Take appropriate actions, including determining the possible effect on the opinion in the auditor’s report.

The auditor should disclaim an opinion on the financial statements if management does not provide written
representations in accordance with SA 705 “Modifications to the Opinion in the Independent Auditor’s Report”.