Mechanical Properties of Fluids Go ug<> P,, here 2g (H ~h) can be neglected = PSD P > Venturi-meter : It is a device used to measure the speed of an incompressible fluid using a U shaped manometer attached to it with one arm at narrow end and other at, broader end of the flow. Applying Bernoulli’s principle PEP where, p= density of fluid, Pq = density of fluid in manometer, ay, a, = area of cross sections > Dynamic lift of ball due to Magnus effect : When a spinning ball is thrown, it deviates from its usual path in air. Due to difference in velocities of air, a pressure difference arises in lower and upper faces and the ball lifts upward by a net upward force called the magnus effect. > Lift on aircraft wings : Basic principle of an aeroplane, > Blowing off roofs of hut by wind storms. a Viscosity » The property of fluid due to which it, opposes the relative motion between its different layers in a steady flow is called viscosity. > Considering the layers of the liquid PQ and AB at a distance r and r + dr from a fixed surface CD. rp, th gg 4 | eta soins © bereerrerrrrrerrrerD F = tangential force acting between the layers. Here, tangential force « area of plane « velocity gradient ao ar where n = a constant called coefficient of viscosity. Here negative sign indicates that viscous force is acting opposite to direction of fluid motion. SI unit of ) = N s m® or Poisouille (P), Dimensions of {n] = [ML T~!] > Stokes’ law : According to Stokes’ law, if a sphere of radius r moves with a velocity v through a fluid of viscosity 1 the viscous drag opposing the motion is F=6nnrv > Terminal velocity : The constant velocity attained by a sphere of radius r while going down in a fluid is called the terminal velocity. 2re-og re where p=density ofsphere,o=density offluid, r = radius of sphere, = coefficient of viscosity. » Poiseuille’s formula ‘The rate of volume of fluid coming out of horizontal capillary tube is V_ Pr tan 1 = length of tube, r = radius of cross section of the tube Case I: Series combination of tubes ,=V,) > F=-nA where P = pressure difference, 4 4