Soil PermeabilityConstantHead

EN
ECG263
SOIL ENGINEERING
PD
LABORATORY
AM
Permeability
IH
Constant Head Testing
ID
ZA
www.uitm.edu.my
Course Outcomes
EN
CO1 : Demonstrate investigation method related to soil
PD
engineering using standard tests and measurements.
AM
CO2 : Show appropriate techniques to soil engineering
problem with an awareness of the limitations.
IH
CO3 : Perform teamwork skills in task related to soil
engineering.
ID
ZA
Programme Outcomes
EN
PO4 : Conduct investigations of well-defined problems;
PD
locate and search relevant codes and catalogues, conduct
standard tests and measurements.
AM
PO9 : Function effectively as an individual, and as a
member in diverse technical teams.
IH
ID
ZA
Introduction
EN
The laboratory activity refers to condition where the
PD
problem and ways & means are guided and given to the
students.
AM
However, the answers to the assignment are left to the
students to solve using the group creativity and
innovativeness.
IH
It is hoped that the activity will slowly introduce and
inculcate independent learning amongst students and
ID
prepare them for a much harder task of open-ended

laboratory activities.
ZA
Introduction
EN
In this laboratory activity students will be exposed to the
PD
basic of soil mechanics testing which is to determine the
permeability of coarse grain soil.
AM
IH
ID
ZA
Objective
EN
The objective is to determine the permeability of coarse
PD
grain soil using the Constant Head testing method.
AM
IH
ID
ZA
Learning Outcomes
EN
At the end of the laboratory activity, students would be able to:
PD
Conduct Constant Head permeability testing for coarse
grain soil sample.
AM
Analyse data correctly and present it in a typical format.
IH
Work in a group to produce a technical report.
ID
ZA
Coefficient of Permeability –
Laboratory Test
EN
 Coefficient of permeability (k) can be measured using field
PD
tests or tests conducted in the laboratory.
 The aim to produce similar results as using field tests.
 In laboratory, errors may occur due to:
AM
i/ the presence of air bubbles in the water
ii/ variations in sample density and porosity
IH
iii/ variations in temperature and viscosity of water
 2 test – constant head test and falling head test.
ID
ZA
Constant Head Test
EN
This test used to determine the coefficient of permeability
PD
(k) of coarse grained soil such as gravel & sands with
values of k ≥ 10-4 m/s.
AM
In this type of laboratory setup, the water supply at the
inlet is adjusted in such a way that the difference of head
between the inlet and the outlet remains constant
IH
during the test period.
After a constant flow rate is established, water is
ID
collected in a graduated flask for a known duration.

ZA
Constant Head Test
EN
Q = Avt = A(ki)t
PD
Where Q = volume of water collected
AM
A = area of cross section of the
soil specimen
t = duration of water collection
IH
q = Av = Aki
ID
Where q = quantity flowing in unit time

ZA
Constant Head Test
EN
And because i=h
PD
L
AM
The equation can be substituted as below :
IH
k = QL
Aht
ID
ZA
Constant Head Test
EN
PD
AM
IH
ID
ZA
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TaPjIvCsfFI
Constant Head Test
EN
PD
AM
IH
ID
ZA
Constant Head Test
EN
PD
AM
IH
ID
ZA
Constant Head Test
EN
PD
AM
IH
ID
ZA
Constant Head Test
EN
T
PD
AM
IH
ID
ZA
Constant Head Test
EN
PD
Water Tank
AM
Standpipe/
Manometer/
Permeameter
IH
ID
ZA
Constant Head
Permeameter
Cell
Procedure Exposed water tank
EN
PD
AM
IH
Wall
Mounting
ID
bracket
ZA
Contant Head Tank

Procedure
EN
PD
AM
From the top
IH
overflow into the
drainage
ID
From the water

ZA
From the tank into source

the cell into the tank
Constant Head Testing Constant water level
Procedure @ Constant Head
EN
Water will fill up the
tank, BUT it will not
PD
fill up till 100%.
There will be no
over spilling.
AM
Control the flow of
the water intake
into the tank.
The excess water will From the top
IH
overflow into the overflow into the
drainage drainage
ID
This valve will off on

be turn on
ZA
during testing
Procedure
EN
Top
Tie Rods Nut
PD
Plunger and Outlet
Perforated plate
AM
Cell body from
IH
perspex Connector glands
to the manometer
tubes
ID
Tie Rods 3 Nos.

ZA
Perforated plate
Bottom Water inlet with valve

Procedure
EN
PD
Dismantle the top part
AM
and the lock fastener
IH
ID
ZA
Procedure
EN
PD
AM
IH
ID
Fill in uniform gravel or glass balls

Of 40 mm in thickness
ZA
Procedure
EN
PD
AM
IH
ID
Wired filter
ZA
Procedure
EN
PD
AM
Fill in the soil sample
IH
ID
ZA
Procedure
EN
PD
Wired filter on top
AM
IH
ID
ZA
Procedure
EN
PD
Fill in uniform gravel or glass balls
Of 40 mm in thickness on top
AM
IH
ID
ZA
Constant Head
Testing Procedure
EN
PD
Fasten the top cap
Push down the plunger with the
AM
perforated plate in order to
compact the soil
IH
ID
ZA
Constant Head
Testing Procedure
EN
PD
Fasten and tightened the lock
for the three tie rods
AM
IH
ID
ZA
Constant Head
Testing Procedure
EN
PD
Connect the designated tubings
AM
IH
ID
ZA
Constant Head
Testing Procedure
EN
To the measuring cylinder
or collecting container
PD
for water collection
AM
To measuring Tube C
IH
To measuring Tube B
ID
To measuring Tube A
ZA
From water source into the cell

Constant Head
Testing Procedure
EN
PD
Permeameter tubes
with the same inner
diameter
AM
IH
Connecting tube
ID
Connector with
ZA
on/off valve
Constant Head
Testing Procedure
EN
PD
AM
IH
Water from cell
(bottom gland) going
ID
into tube position A

ZA
Water from cell

(top gland) Water from cell
going into tube (middle gland) going
position C into tube position B
Constant Head Testing Procedure
EN
PD
Fill up the tank
AM
with water till the
IH
flow is constant.
ID
ZA
Procedure
EN
PD
AM
IH
ID
on on
ZA
Procedure
EN
PD
Fill up the cell till
AM
the flow is also
IH
constant.
ID
ZA
Constant Head
Testing Procedure
EN
PD
AM
IH
ID
Water will saturate

on
ZA
the cell thoroughly

Constant Head
Testing Procedure
EN
PD
Water overflow
AM
The cell is fully
saturated
IH
ID
on
ZA
EN
PD
Fill up the tubes till
AM
the flow and the
IH
water levels also
ID
constant.
ZA
Constant Head
Testing Procedure
EN
PD
AM
IH
on on on Water from cell will
be filling into the
permeameter tubes
ID
ZA
Constant Head
Testing Procedure
EN
Water from cell will
PD
be filling into the
permeameter tubes
AM
IH
on on on
ID
ZA
Constant Head
Testing Procedure
EN
PD
Once the water flow
in the system is
AM
constant, then the
water levels in each
IH
of the permeameter
tube will show this
ID
condition.
ZA
EN
PD
Start your clock @
Stop watchAM
IH
ID
ZA
EN
PD
At the same time,
AM
collect the amount
IH
of water that out
ID
flows from the cell.

ZA
Constant Head
Testing Procedure
EN
PD
AM
IH
Measuring container
(volume ml/litres etc)
ID
ZA
Constant Head
Testing Procedure
EN
PD
AM
Measure the quantity of
IH
water collected (volume
@ ml/litres etc)
ID
ZA
Constant Head
Testing Procedure
EN
h1
h3
h2
PD
Obtained the
differential of
AM
heights between the
permeameter tubes.
IH
ID
ZA
EN
PD
Repeat the process
AM
for another 5 sets
IH
of data.
ID
ZA
Constant Head Data Sheet
EN
T
PD
AM
IH
ID
ZA
Constant Head Data Sheet
EN
T
PD
AM
IH
ID
ZA
Example of soil testing data
Constant Head Test
EN
T
PD
AM
IH
ID
ZA
ZA
ID
IH
AM
PD
EN

Soil PermeabilityConstantHead

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Soil PermeabilityConstantHead

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

EN

prepare them for a much harder task of open-ended

collected in a graduated flask for a known duration.

Where q = quantity flowing in unit time

Contant Head Tank

From the water

From the tank into source

This valve will off on

Tie Rods 3 Nos.

Bottom Water inlet with valve

Fill in uniform gravel or glass balls

Push down the plunger with the

From water source into the cell

into tube position A

Water from cell

Water will saturate

the cell thoroughly

flows from the cell.

Constant Head Test

You might also like