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Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS
NASUGBU WEST DISTRICT
DR. CRISOGONO B. ERMITA SR. MEMORIAL NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
PANTALAN NASUGBU, BATANGAS

DRESSMAKING 7
WEEK 7-8

Classifications of Sewing Machine Troubles

There are two classifications of sewing machine troubles, namely:
1. Minor sewing machine trouble. This refers to problems that arise involving incorrectly attached accessories or supplies,
unadjusted tensions, or that re-quires a little dusting or oiling.

2. Major sewing machine trouble. This involves replacing or removing damage spare parts that made the sewing machine not
totally functioning.
SEWING MACHINE PROBLEMS AND REMEDIES
In the previous lessons, you have CHECK
learned the basics in sewing
machine operations. This is now
the time to apply your skills in
giving corrective measures for
identified problems in your
machine. Let us review the
sewing ma-chine troubles and
how to treat them. PROBLEMS
Skipped
Stitches
Thread Breaks
1. Type of needle may be wrong
for the fabric
2. Stitch length may be too long.
3. Condition of the needle may
be dull or bent
4. Machine threading may be
incorrect
5. Needle position may be wrong
1. Size of needle too big or too
small
2. Type of thread too thin,
knotted, or uneven
3. Type of needle maybe wrong
for the fabric
4. Machine threading may be
incorrect
5. Tension may be too tight.
REMEDIES
 Change the needle with the
correct size
 Adjust the stitch length to
standard size
 Replace the needle with a new
one
 Thread the machine properly
 Set the needle properly
 Change the needle with the
correct size
 Change thread with the correct
type
 Change the needle with the
correct type
 Thread the machine properly
 Adjust tension then check
stitches

Needle Break 1. Tension may be too tight

2. Needle position may be wrong
3. Presser foot may not be tight.
4. Fabric – may have too many
layers or may be too thick
 Adjust the tension and test
stitches
 Set the needle properly
 Tighten the presser foot
 Adjust pressure on the presser
foot

Seams Pucker
1. Tension may be too tight  Loosen tension screw
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Telephone No.: 043-4160230/ 043-7406652
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 Replace the needle

2. Needle may be too big or dull  Change the thread with correct
3. Thread may be too coarse thickness
4. Stitch length may be too long  Adjust stitch regulator to

Machine Jams 1.Bobbin threading may be

incorrect.  Rewind thread to bobbin
2. Thread may be knotted or too  Entangle thread or change
coarse thread
3. Bobbin case threads may catch  Remove caught threads from
thread

Health and Safety Procedure in Sewing Machine Maintenance

Cleaning and lubricating a sewing machine is quite a messy task. Therefore, personal care should be observed during this activity.
The following health and safety precautions should be practiced at the shop or at home.
1. Wear personal protective equipment. This prevents your clothing from being tarnished by oil and dirt. Be sure to wear gloves to
avoid accumulation of oil and dirt in your nails and palms. (Wearing of protective eye glasses is optional).

2. Remove the upper belt or turn power off (for powered sewing machine) before oiling the sewing machine.

3. When a chemical or small spare parts get into your eyes, call the attention of your teacher at once.
4. Do not remove any safety device from any machine.

5. Be sure that all screws are well-tightened before starting the machine.

6. Make sure that no screws or tools are left on the floor to avoid slipping.

7. Wipe dry spilled oils on the floor to avoid accidents.

8. Assign colored tags for a newly maintained sewing machine. This will make the user be aware of its present condition.

LEARNING TASK 42: Correct ME if I AM Wrong…

Directions: Analyze the underlined word. Write the word TRUE if the statement is correct and if not, write the CORRECT word
that best describe the statement. Write your answer in your journal.
________1. Face Plate include presser bar, needle bar, thread take up lever, lifter.
_______2. Unscrew face plate and keep it in the drawer while cleaning.
_______3. Upper Tension is the Disc spring and Dial
_______4. Lower Mechanism is the Rotary Oscillating Hook
_______5. In lower mechanism always return spare parts in place

LEARNING TASK 43: You are my Sunshine …

Directions: Read and analyze the Different Occupational Health and Safety Procedure in sewing machine maintenance.
Insert/draw (sunshine) at the second column of the table if the statement/s is/are safety precautions that should be practiced at shop
or at home.

Address: Roxaco Subdivision, Brgy. Pantalan, Nasugbu, Batangas

Telephone No.: 043-4160230/ 043-7406652
Email Address: dcbesmnhs.official@gmail.com
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Hazards and Risks in the Workplace

Workplace Health and Safety are important factors in any sewing indus-try either in hand sewing, using a sewing machine or even
both an electrical or a manual sewing machine. Employees/individuals encounter several risk factors, such as awkward arm, neck,
trunk, leg postures and back pains. Safety measures have to be taken seriously especially when sharp pointed objects are used such
as, scissors, tacking pins, needles, and other equipment.
Sewing involves lots of opportunities for injury. Some of these are obvi-ous, but some are less so. Sewers can injure their bodies
in almost imperceptible ways. Taking basic precautions will reduce the risk of injury in the sewing room.

A hazard is any source of potential damage, harm or adverse health effects on something or someone under certain conditions at
work.
Risk is the chance or probability that a person will be harmed or experi-ence an adverse health effect if exposed to a hazard.

Hazards in sewing
Hazards that may be encountered when conducting sewing activities in-clude:
 Cut and injuries from sharp edges, knife blades, scissors and pins.
 Holding the wrist in awkward position while cutting with scissors cause inju-ry to the wrist.
 Finger injuries while sewing.
 Low back injury from poor posture.
 Eye strain from poor lighting.
 Back injury from improper lifting procedures

Types of Hazard
1. Chemical Hazard

- A chemical hazard is any substance that can cause harm, primarily to people. Chemicals of all kinds are stored in our homes and
can result in serious injuries if not properly handled. Household items such as bleach can result in harmful chlorine gas or
hydrochloric acid if carelessly used. Gasoline fumes from containers for lawnmowers or boats can result in major health hazards if
inhaled.
2. Electrical Hazard

- An electrical hazard can be defined as a dangerous condition where a worker could make electrical contact with energized
equipment or a conductor, and from which the person may sustain an injury from shock; and/or, there is potential for the worker to
receive an arc flash burn, thermal burn, or blast injury.
- Working near an electrical hazard is dangerous and can be fatal. Any work on or near energized equipment must be done only
when measures are in place to provide protection from electric shock and burn. With adequate safety measures in place, every
electrical injury and fatality can be prevented.
- An electric hazard is considered to be removed when protective measures are put in place at the source (remove hazard or de
energize), or along the path (place electrical insulation/barrier between the worker and the electrical hazard).
- Where PPE is relied upon for worker protection, an electrical hazard is considered to remain and it is still necessary to address
safety requirements for other workers in the area.
3. Ergonomic Hazard

- Ergonomic hazards impact employers and workers and their families.

a. Poor workplace design, awkward body mechanics or postures, repetitive movements, and other ergonomic hazards induce or
contribute to a staggering number of cumulative trauma disorders.
b. Cumulative trauma disorders (CTD) affect hands, wrists, elbows, arms, shoulders, the lower back, and the cervical spine area.
Structures involved include tendons, muscles, bones, nerves, and blood vessels. One can plan strategies for abatement by learning
to recognize the hazards that contribute to CTD.
c. OSHA has published the Ergonomic Program Management Guidelines. OSHA has also given Advance Notice of Proposed
Rulemaking for an Ergonomic Standard that will affect all industries.

Address: Roxaco Subdivision, Brgy. Pantalan, Nasugbu, Batangas

Telephone No.: 043-4160230/ 043-7406652
Email Address: dcbesmnhs.official@gmail.com
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d. A companywide ergonomic assessment should be developed, followed by a well written ergonomic plan. Ergonomic abatement
will decrease the costs associated with CTD and ultimately impact the corporate "bottom line."

4. Psychological Hazard
- The psychosocial hazard has recently been acknowledged in legislation as a workplace hazard. This type of hazard relates to
mental health and behavioural disorders.
5. Radiation Hazard

- Radiation Hazard (RADHAZ) describes the hazards of electromagnetic radiation to fuels, electronic hardware, ordinance, and
personnel. In the military these hazards are segregated as follows:
a. Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Personnel (HERP)
b. Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Ordnance (HERO)
c. Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Fuel (HERF)

6. Biological Hazard

- A biological hazard, or biohazard, is anything coming from living organisms (i.e. pollen, fungi, animals, insects, bacteria and
viruses) that could be a threat to someone's health. It is represented by ☣, the biohazard symbol, which is used everywhere in the
world. When people see this sign they know to take precautions, and to follow proper conduct for science labs.

7. Physical Hazard

- Physical hazards are those substances which threaten your physical safety. The most common types of physical hazards are:
* Fire
* Explosion
* Chemical Reactivity

Hazards that may be encountered when using the sewing machine include:
• Cuts and injuries from sharp edges, knife blades, scissors and pins
• Finger injuries while sewing
• Back injury from poor posture and improper lifting procedures
• Eye strain from poor lighting

LEARNING TASK 60: CHECK YOUR KNOWLEDGE

Direction: Read each item carefully and choose the letter of the best answer from the choices below.

1. Any source of potential damage, harm or adverse health effects on something or someone under certain conditions at
work.
a. Hazard c. Risk
b. Psychological d. Chemical

2. The chance or probability that a person will be harmed or experience an adverse health effect if exposed to a hazard. It
may also apply to situations with property or equipment loss.
a. Psychological c. Ergonomics
b. Risk d. None of the above

3. Any substance that can cause harm, primarily to people

a. Substance c. Chemical
b. Hazard d. Psychological

4. It has recently been acknowledged in legislation as a workplace hazard.

a. Risk c. Psychological
b. Ergonomics d. Chemical

5. Which of the following is an example of hazard?

Address: Roxaco Subdivision, Brgy. Pantalan, Nasugbu, Batangas
Telephone No.: 043-4160230/ 043-7406652
Email Address: dcbesmnhs.official@gmail.com
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a. Wet floor c. Cake

b. Flower d. baby

Address: Roxaco Subdivision, Brgy. Pantalan, Nasugbu, Batangas

Telephone No.: 043-4160230/ 043-7406652
Email Address: dcbesmnhs.official@gmail.com