MEASUREMENT & CONTROL TECHNOLOGY

REPORT

Name : Cito Julio Ibrahim Kertawirja

NRP : 5019211088

LECTURE : Dr. Indra Ranu Kusuma, S.T., M.Sc.

Mathematical modeling of generator engine lubrication oil system based on frequency
domain

CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background
In this report on the mathematical modeling of the generator engine lubrication oil
system control system based on this frequency domain, I will include how I
accomplished the objectives of the generator control system.

The lubrication system of an engine provides a supply of lubricating oil to the various
moving parts in the engine. Its main function is to enable the formation of a film of oil
between the moving parts, which reduces friction and wear. The lubricating oil is also used as
a cleaner and in some engines as a coolant.

1.2 Formulation of the Research

• How to develop mathematical model of generator engine lubrication oil
system based on frequency domain?

1.3 Scope of the Research

 • We will only utilize the frequency domain method when establishing our
mathematical model.
• The marine engine control system in question will only include systems
that may be categorized as plants.

1.4 Aim of the Research

• Establishing a method to develop the corresponding mathematical model
to a generator engine lubrication oil system.

1.5 Benefit
• Mathematics is a very precise language, it can make it easier for us to
formulate ideas and identify assumptions that underlie phenomena.

CHAPTER II
 LITERATURE STUDIES

2.1 Mathematical Model

A mathematical model is used to better understand phenomena
happening around us by translating those phenomena into a mathematical construct[1]
[2]. During the model’s construction process, we are given deeper insight into that
particular phenomenon. Consequently, we can identify governing and pivotal factors of
the system as well as the relation between systems. Furthermore, the insight acquired can
further be used to solve problems arising within the system[1].
However, it is to be kept in mind that the model, in and of itself, is merely an
approximation of its real-world counterpart[2]. Correspondingly, there is a chance that,
despite possessing a construct well-adapted to the situation at hand, the model may
provide unexpected results or outright fail. In such cases, it is imperative for us to
evaluate and look for further breakthrough in the real-world system[1].

2.2 Generator engine lubrication oil system

The lubrication system is to distribute oil to the moving parts to reduce
friction between surfaces which rub against each other.

What does a lubrication system do in a generator?

• First, it reduces wear and heat generation by placing a film of lubricating oil
between the parts of the engine. Second, it removes a portion of the heat
generated as a normal part of engine operation. This heat is then transferred out
of the lubricating oil system through the lube oil heat exchanger.

an example of its application is on the caterpillar 3512B machine. Below is the picture
2.3 Frequency Domain
As the name implies, within a frequency domain, mathematical
functions are expressed in terms of frequency rather than time. The way a frequency
domain works, is by representing the qualitative behaviour of a system and its
characteristics such as changes in its bandwidth and other aspects[6]. The formula of a
frequency domain can be expressed as such :

The formula is acquired by applying Laplacian transformation to f(t) allowing us to

integrate t, operating in the time domain, out leaving us with a function of s that operates
within the frequency domain[7].
 CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
 CHAPTER IV
DISCUSSION
Generator engine lubricating oil system according to Jimmy Ahyari (2014:15), is a
system that controls the volume and pressure of the lubricant to be applied to the surfaces
of moving machine parts that are in contact. They promote the smooth and healthy
operation of the machine. Through the lubrication system, lubricants are applied and
distributed efficiently and regularly.
The mathematical model is as shown below :

lubricated components;
A. Oil Pan / Sump
An Oil Pan / Sump is just a bowl-shaped reservoir. It stores the engine oil and
then circulates it within the engine. Oil sump sits below the crankcase and stores the
engine oil when the engine is not running. It is located at the bottom of the engine in
order to collect and store the engine oil. The oil returns to the sump by pressure/gravity
when the engine is not in use.

Bad road conditions could cause damage to the Oil Pan / Sump. So, the manufacturers
provide a stone guard/sump guard underneath the sump. The sump guard absorbs the hit
from the uneven road and protects the sump from any damage

B. Oil Pump
An Oil Pump is a device that helps to circulate the lubricant oil to all the
moving parts inside the engine. These parts include crankshaft & camshaft bearings as
well as valve lifters. It is generally located at the bottom of the crankcase, close to the oil
sump. The oil pump supplies the oil to oil filter which filters and sends it onward. The oil
then reaches different moving parts of the engine through oil galleries.
 Even, small particles can choke the oil pump and galleries. If oil Pump gets blocked, then
it can cause severe damage to the engine or even complete seizure of the engine. To
avoid it, the oil pump consists of a strainer and a by-pass valve. Hence, it is necessary to
change the engine oil and filter at regular intervals as recommended by the
manufacturers.

C. Oil Galleries
In order to get better performance and longer engine life, it is essential that the
engine oil quickly reaches the moving parts of the engine. For this purpose, manufacturers
provide oil galleries within the engine. The Oil Galleries are nothing but a series of
interconnected passages that supply the oil to the remotest parts of the engine.

Oil galleries consist of big and small passages drilled inside the cylinder block. The bigger
passages connect to the smaller passages and supply the engine oil up to the cylinder head
and overhead camshafts. The oil galleries also supply the oil to the crankshaft, crankshaft
bearings and camshaft bearings thru holes drilled in them as well as to valve lifters/tappets.

D. Oil Cooler
The Oil Cooler is a device that works just like a radiator. It cools down the
engine oil which becomes very hot. Oil cooler transfers the heat from the engine oil to the
engine coolant through its fins. Initially, manufacturers used the oil cooler only in the
racing/high-performance vehicles. However today, most vehicles use oil cooler system for
better engine performance.

Oil cooler which helps to maintain the engine oil temperature also keeps its
viscosity under control. Additionally, It retains the lubricant quality, prevents the engine from
overheating and thereby saving it from wear and tear.
- ODE (ordinary differential equation) model is a set of differential equations involving
functions of only one independent variable and one or more of their derivatives with
respect to that variable. ODEs are the most widespread formalism to model dynamical
systems in science and engineering.
 CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION

The lubrication system is to distribute oil to the moving parts to reduce friction between
surfaces which rub against each other. Lubrication components include : Oil Pump/Sump, Oil
Pump, Oil Galleries, and Oil Cooler. The purpose of writing this report is to find out the form
of mathematical modeling on the engine lubrication oil system generator on the ship, the
function of the engine lubrication oil generator on the ship, and how to model the
mathematical system on the ship.
 REFERENCES

Instruction Manual Book Lubricating oil New D-G, VOC DAISY

Instruction Manual Book M2-01 Main Generator Engine, VOC DAISY
Jimmy Ahyari ( 2014:15) diesel generator