NAMING OF COMPOUNDS (SCRIPT)

(https://youtu.be/mKo72RnN37E)

Rhain: Nomenclature, a collection of rules for naming things, is

important in science and in many other situations. This topic
describes an approach that is used to name simple ionic and
molecular compounds, such as NaCl, CaCO3, and N2O4. And now
we're going to discuss about naming of compounds. so let's start our
discussion.

Johmel: There are numerous ionic substances that we should be able

to identify, but first we must understand that ions combine to form
compounds in proportions determined by their charges. Positively
charged ions or cations will bind with negatively charged ions or
anions in any combination necessary to form a neutral compound.

Richjohn: We can tell the most common ion an element will form
by looking at where it is on the periodic table. If an atom is in group
one, it needs to lose one electron to attain noble gas electron
configuration, so 1+ is what they tend to form. Atoms in group 2
will tend to become 2 +. On the other side, elements in the group
called halogens need to gain one electron to attain noble gas electron
configuration, so they will tend to become 1 - anions.

Richjohn: Example sodium and chloride or 1+ and 1- so one of each

will do nicely if we use magnesium instead of sodium magnesium is
2 + so each magnesium iron will need to chloride ions to make a
neutral compound if we have magnesium and nitrogen win we will
need 3 of the 2 + and to of the 3 - to get plus and minus six. You
need the lowest common multiple for the two charges and use as
many ions of each as you need to get there. When we write out ionic
compounds we always list the cation first and then the anion.
Usually the cation is referred to by the name of the element but the
anion, it's monatomic will have the suffix ide that makes this sodium
chloride.

( https://youtu.be/Rq0A-AHdB74)
Aldrin: So now we're done in naming ionic compound, let's now
move on to naming ionic compounds with transition metals.

Marilou: The transition element or transition metals occupy the

short columns in the center of the periodic table, between group 2a
and group 3a. And when we write the name for an ionic compound
that contains transition metals those names usually have roman
numerals in the middle of them. This metals are unique because
many of them are able to make multiple ions with different charge.

Marilou: When we want to name a compound that contains a

transitional. For example we have FeCl3. For the Fe the iron, we can
tell right away just by looking at this whether the Fe is Fe 2+ or
whether Fe 3+.

Kervin: We can distinguish between this two ions by using roman

numerals to give them different names so the Fe 2 + ion we call that
iron 2 with the roman numerals for 2 in parentheses while the Fe
3+ ion we'll call that iron 3 with a roman numeral for three in
parentheses.

Kervin: We'll use this ion names when we want to name the whole
compound. If the Fe here turns out to be Fe2+ we'll call this
compound iron (ll) chloride and if this iron is iron 3 + we will call the
compound iron (lll) chloride.

Icee: In order to figure out whether we're talking about iron (ll)
chloride or iron (ll) chloride. We got to do a little bit of math and
work backwards to figure out which of these two charges iron has
in this particular compound. Let us show you how to do it.

Erica: To find the charge of a transition metal we start by focusing

on the ion with a charge that we do know that certain that's not
going to change and for this, that's going to be Cl. Cl always make
an ion with a 1 - charge. So now how much total negative charge do
we have here we have 3 Cl, the total amount of negative charge is
going to be 3 -.

Kerl: now in an ionic compound the negative charge always has to

balance out with a positive charge. So it means we've got to have
3+ on iron. So one iron of Fe3+ gives us 3 + of charge which has to
be balanced out by the 3 -.

Kerl: that's how we figure out the charge on ion since this is iron 3 +
the name for this compound is going to be iron (lll) and for Cl when
chlorine becomes a negative ion we call it chloride the ide usually
gets added to the name of an element when it becomes a negative
ion. So chloride is what we call Cl1-. So the name of this compound
will be " Iron (lll) Chloride ".

( https://youtu.be/Rq0A-AHdB74 )

Kerl: I hope you understand the example that we give. Now here is
the question, when do we use roman numerals for naming and
when we don't?

Renz: Well we use roman numerals when we're naming compounds

that contain transition metals. On the other hand we don't use
roman numerals when we're naming compounds that don't contain
transition metals.

( https://youtu.be/DejkvR4pvRw )

Unice: And the last one is how to name a covalent or molecular

compound. Covalent compounds are created by combining two
nonmetals. On the periodic table, the nonmetals are the elements
to the right of the stairwell.

Vergel: Covalent or molecular compounds are compounds made of

two nonmetals because the elements in them are held together by
covalent bonds and are held together in groups called molecules.
Marcus: The way we name covalent or molecular compounds is
different from how we name ionic compounds. If you have to name
a compound the first thing you want to do is figure out what type of
element are in.

Mary joy: These are the steps in naming covalent or molecular

compounds.
Step 1: for the first element start with the element name.
Step 2: for the second element end it with the -ide name.
Here are the list of elements with -ide endings.
F for Fluoride
Cl for Chloride
Br for Bromide
I for Iodide
O for Oxide
S for sulfide
N for Nitride
And P for Phosphide
Step 3: use prefixes to show how many atoms of each type there
are.
And here are the list of prefixes that we are going to use.
1 for mono-
2 for di-
3 for tri-
4 for tetra-
5 for penta-
6 for hexa-
7 for hepta-
8 for octa-
9 for nona-
And 10 for deca-
Ristine: For example N2O3, so the first element here is nitrogen
with the element name, we're going to put nitrogen down that's
the element name here now and for the second element is oxygen.
For the second element end it with the i d e name, now the ide
name is the version of the element name that ends in ide.These are
actually the same named that we used to name negative ions. So
we've got oxygen here we're going to use it's ide name which is
oxide. Now we got nitrogen and we got oxide and next is used
prefixes to show how many atoms of each type there are.

Stephen: prefix or like this little tags that we put on the beginning
of each name tells us how many atoms each type we have. So in our
example we have N2, we got 2 nitrogen which means we're going
to use the prefix for 2 which is di-. Put that in the beginning of your
first element so it's going to be Dinitrogen. Now O3, we have three
oxygens so we're going to use the prefix for 3 which is tri. Write
that on the beginning of our second element it's going to be
Trioxide. So N2O3 name is " Dinitrogen Trioxide ".

Yvonne: We have another step in naming covalent compounds. This

is going to be the step 4.
Step 4: Do not use "mono-" on the first element.
Here's our example CF4, start with the first element name which is
carbon and then the second element which is fluorine we'll use the
ide name of it, it's going to be fluoride. Now we get to the prefix
part and this is where things change a little bit so it says do not use
mono on the first element. So we have carbon, we're going to leave
it like that. Let's not do something about it, just carbon. And for the
second element fluoride has four so it's going to be a tetrafluoride.
And the name of CF4 is going to be " Carbon Tetrafluoride ".
Lujille: and for the last step we're going to add is step 5: if you have
"ao" or "oo", turn it into "o".
For example Cl2O7, the first element here is chlorine and the O
here is oxygen and its ide name is oxide. And the third step use
prefix so for the first element we have two chlorine and it's going to
be Dichlorine. For the second element we have 7 oxide so it will be
Heptaoxide. As you can see we have "ao"here so we're going to
cancel the "a" and it's going to be Heptoxide. The name of the
compound in this example is "Dichlorine Heptoxide".

Aldrin: And those are lessons that we need to learn for naming a
compounds, Again I'm Aldrin Alamariz the group 2 leader,

Unice: And I'm Unice Santos the group 3 leader

Aldrin & Unice:making this collaboration video to learn more about

this new topic, thanks for watching!