AI IN MEDICINE

Submitted to: Sir Umair Arshad

Areeba Nasir
I170052
Section: C
Assignment 1

Potential of AI in the
medical sector
worldwide
Global Market Insights did
research which shows that AI
market revenues in the US are
expected to increase every
year. In the field of medicine
and health care, AI revenue
will increase to the US $4
billion by the year 2024. This
figure has been increased to
$320 by 38% million since
2016 and it is expected to
increase every year.
Research also shows that the
revenue of the healthcare AI
market in Europe has
exceeded $3.8 billion. The
global market revenue of AI in
medicine will exceed $10
billion by 2024.
Google’s DeepMind is working
in collaboration with
researchers, clinicians, and
patients to solve real-world
medical problems. The
technology amalgamates
neuroscience and machine
learning algorithms to build
powerful algorithms into
neural networks that mimic
the human brain.
Introduction, History of AI in medicine P.1
No Longer Science Fiction, AI and robotics are transforming
Medicine and Healthcare
The future of “Standard” medical
practice will become sooner where a
patient will see the computer first before
seeing the doctor. In recent years
Artificial Intelligence has been growing
rapidly in the medicine and healthcare
industry. It has been a hot topic in
current years due to its great potential
and advancement in the application. In
2016, medicine and healthcare AI
projects attracted more investment than
any other sector. This article will provide
detailed information about the current
trends and application of AI in Medicine
along with future possibilities.
AI in medicine refers to the use of
“Artificial Intelligence” technologies to
diagnose and treat patients who need
care. AI is getting increasingly
sophisticated at doing tasks that humans
do but with more efficiency, accuracy, in
a quick manner, and at a lower cost.
Artificial Intelligence is being used in
various healthcare purposes, such as the
detection of chronic diseases like cancer,
management of chronic conditions, and
drug discovery.
By Areeba Nasir
Applications of AI P.2
AI and Human touch P.3
Future trends P.4
Practical work in the field of medicine
started in the 1960s when extensive
research helped in solving the first
medical-related program problem,
“Dendral”. The basic purpose was to do
hypothesis formulation evaluation. It was
used by pioneers of organic chemistry to
identify unknown samples via the mass
spectra and the properties. This software
was introduced and used by a highly
creative research team at “Stanford
University”.
Several systems were built after
“Dendral” such as MYCIN and this was
also developed at “Stanford University”.
with the help of AI, the system was
capable of identifying infectious bacteria
and the respective amount of antibiotics
to remove them.
These early systems helped in further
advancements of AI in the field of
medicine, thus assisting the medical staff
to diagnose malignant diseases with high
accuracy and to take better care of
patients.
Pros and Cons of AI in
Medicine Application of AI
Pros: in Medicine
> Promotes healthcare A lot of enhancement has
accessability been experienced in medical
> Reveal diseases early sector on behalf of AI.

> Save time and cost

> Unequalled surgery

assistance
In the medical sector, AI has
> Augment human abilites
been increasingly helping
and support mental health
doctors to lessen their
> Decrease workload responsibilities and deliberate
them to technologies so that
> Better monitoring
they can better focus on the
Cons: needs of patients. AI in the
field of healthcare has been
> Decrease human
used in many ways which are
involvement
undoubtedly increasing
> Increase unemployment efficiency and minimizing the
rate occurrence of errors.
> Social prejudice In the field of surgery,
“Robotic Surgery” has been
> Wrong diagnosis possible
adopted by many hospitals in
> Model training the UK and the US. Robots
complications have been equipped with AI
technologies to analyze the
patient’s complicated data
prior to the operation. The
robot then guides and leads
the doctor during the
operation. The most widely
used surgical robot system
includes a camera arm and a
mechanical arm with which
surgical instruments are
attached. The surgeon sits at a
computer console near the
operating table and controls
the arms. The console gives
him a high-resolution, 3D
view of the surgical site. The
surgeon then leads the team
members who help in the
operation process.
Another application of AI in
medicine is “Virtual Nurse”.
The virtual nurse mainly
provides help and support to
the patients along with real-
life professionals. “Sense.ly”
has developed an AI-based
nurse called “Molly” which
assists doctors and patients.
Molly mainly serves patients
with common medical
conditions like heart failure
and diabetes. The patient
signs up to the site and the
system then creates a
personalized care plan for
the patient based upon
his/her medical records and
individual needs. The patient
then follows the prescribed
plan and perform daily
check-ins with Molly to see
the progress. Molly interacts
with patients
through voice recognition
technology and asks the
patients basic questions to
make a care plan for them.
Doctors also analyze the
information from time to
time to know how their
patients are getting on.
It takes a long time and a
huge amount of money for a
drug to the reach patient. The
path from the research lab to
the patients is time taking.
California Biomedical
Research Association reveals
that it takes an average of
twelve years for a drug to
reach patient from the
research lab. Drug discovery
has been one of the most
recent applications of AI in
the medical sector. An AI
compatible program helps to
discover drugs at a fast rate.
An AI program has found two
medications that can help in
reducing “Eloba infectivity” in
only one day.

AI Deployment for Medical treatment without
Losing Human Touch
As AI keeps evolving in the
field of medicine, the real
and one of the biggest
challenges is to maintain
high-quality human-doctor
interactions. We cannot
imagine medical science
becoming a cold and
technical system where
there is no doctor but
robots are roaming around
and treating the patients.
Patients should be at ease
that they are receiving
treatment from real human
beings guided by assistance
from medical agents.
Medical Robots
da Vinci system
An example of an AI system
that assists in treating patients
is “da Vinci system”. It is a
robotic system with high-
resolution 3D imaging which
helps the doctors/surgeons to
remove cancerous from a
patient’s body. Patients are
experiencing better outcomes
in terms of recovery time as
the patient’s recovery time is
reduced. Moreover, it also
helps to minimize
complications. But even if it
appears as the robot is doing
its magic, there is a
neurosurgeon that is leading
RP-VITA
the operation.
Another example of an AI
system is “Telimedicine RP-
VITA”. This robotic system
assists the doctors to
communicate with patients
without regard for
geographical limits. This
system especially helps the
population in rural areas
where medical experts cannot
reach. RP-VITA allows doctors
to interact with patients via
the autonomous navigation of
the robot.
Doctors should not hesitate in
seeking help from AI to better
treat the patients. Conversely,
experts must not envision a
future where doctors are
completely replaced by
robots. We should find a
balance between doctors and
AI to get most of the benefits.
We are on the cusp of a bright
future that allows medical
experts to provide even better
care to their patients.
Can AI replace
Doctors?
It is not possible for AI to
replace doctors rightaway.
Instead, AI will work along with
doctors to help them identify
highly malignant injuries or life
threatning cardiac patterns.
“The technology must
always remian
secondary to the
human doctors
providing high-quality
care to the patients”.
On January 2, 2020,
Bertrand Might who is son
of Matthew Might “a Phd in
computer science” was born
with ultra-rare genetic
disorder. After few weeks of
his birth, Bertrand started
showing signs of movment
disorder. He started having
full-blown seizures
everyday. Being a computer
scientist, Matthew used his
professional experties to
change the trajectory of his
son’s life. With
computational simulation
and digitally combing
through huge amount of
data, he discovered two
therapies which helped in
extending Bertrand’s life
and also improved its
quality.
 Chronic Health
Conditions Expected to
Benefit Most from AI:

> Diabetes: 66%

> Heart disease: 63%

> Cancer: 6%

> Neurological disease: 56%

> Infectious disease: 46%

AI technologies have the potential to solve the quandary
of the “Iron Triangle” which includes three interlocking
factors: access, cost, quality. The future holds more for
AI in medicine than one can think. Brain-Computer
Interface” will assist patients in moving and speaking.
“Virtual Nurse” is predicted to become more common,
responding to patient queries and reducing tedious
hospital visits. AI in medicine is predicted to reduce
medical costs and improve the quality of medical
services.
is heading. They should aim to find a balance between
the effective use of AI and human strengths of trained
physicians. This is important because we cannot imagine
the robots to completely replace the doctors. We should
take full advantage of the AI technologies for ease while
keeping an eye on the downsides.

In conclusion, AI has been doing a lot of advancements

in the field of medicine which is helping doctors to
better treat their patients. Doctors are able to diagnose
patients with good accuracy and precision in less time.
Doctors must get to know AI advances, the unknown
territory where the world od medicine

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