Q.

2 Find a fourth proportional

(i) 5,8,15
Solution:

Let 4 th   proportional is x then 5,8,15 , x

By proportion

5 :8 ::15 : xProduct of Extremes = Product of Means

x=8 (3)x=2 4 (ii) 4 x 4 ,2 x 3 , 18 x 5

8 ( 15 )
5(x )=8(15)x=
5

Solution:

Let 4 th   proportional is "a “then 4 x 4 ,2 x 3 , 18 x 5, a By proportion

4 3 5
4 x : 2 x : :18 x : aProduct of Extreme ¿ Product of Means.
a=9 x (iii) 15 a b , 10 a b ,21 a b
36 x 8
a ( 4 x ) =2 x ( 18 x )
4 3 5
a= 4 a=9 x
8−4 4 5 6 2 5 3 3
4x

Solution:

Let 4 th   proportional is x
then 15 a5 b6 , 10 a2 b5 ,21 a 3 b 3 , x
By proportion

15 a5 b6 :10 a2 b5 ::21 a3 b3 : x

Product of Extremes ¿ Product of Means

x ( 15 a5 b6 )=( 10 a2 b 5 )( 21 a3 b 3 ) 14
8 8
210 α̸ b
x= x=14 b (iv) x −11 x+24 ;( x−3), ( 5 x −40 x )
8−6 2 2 4 3
5 6 x=14 b
15 a b

Solution:

Let 4 th   proportional is " a "

x 2−11 x+24 ,( x−3) , ( 5 x 4 −40 x 3 )   a a  

By proportion

x 2−11 x+24 :( x−3) ::5 x 4 −40 x 3 ; a

Product of Extremes = Product of Means
(x−3) ( 5 x 4−40 x 3 )
3
(x−3) ⋅5 x (x−8)
  i   ( x −11 x +24 )=( x−3) ( 5 x −40 x )a=
2 4 3
2
a= 2
x −11 x+ 24 x −3 x−8 x +24

  a  =5 x (v) p +q , p −q , p − pq+ q

3 3
5 x ( x−3)( x−8) 5 x (x−3)( x−8) 3 3 3 2 2 2 2
a=   a  =
x ( x−3)−8(x−3) ( x−3)( x−8)

Solution:

Let t th   proportional is x

p3 +q 3 ⋅ p2−q2 ⋅ p 2− pq+q 2 , x

By proportion
3 3 2 2 2 2
p +q ⋅ p −q , p −pq +q : x

Product of Extremes = Product of Means.

( p2−q 2 )( p 2− pq+q 2 ) ( p+ q)(p−q) ( p = pq+ q )

2 2

x ( p + q ) =( p −q )( p −pq +q ) x= x=
3 3 2 2 2 2

(p+ q) ( p = pq+q )
2 2
p3 + q3
x=(p−q) (vi) ( p2−q2 ) ( p2 + pq +q 2) , p3 +q 3 , p3−q3

Solution:

Let 4 th   proportional is x .

Then ( p2−q2 ) ( p2 + pq +q 2) , p3 +q 3 , p3−q3 , x

By proportion:

( p2−q2 ) ( p2 + pq +q 2) : p3 +q 3 : : p3 −q3 : x
Product of Extremes = Product of Means:

( p3 +q3 ) ( p3 −q3 )
x ( p −q ) ( p + pq+q )=( p + q ) ( p −q )∵ x=
2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3
( p 2−q2 ) ( p2 + pq+q 2 )
( p+ q) ( p − pq+ q ) ( p−q) ( p + pq +q )
2 2 2 2
x= x=( p2 −pq +q2 )
( p +q)( p−q) ( p + pq+ q )
2 2