PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG MUNTINLUPA

COCOCARE: AN EXPERT SYSTEM FOR THE PHILIPPINES

COCONUT INDUSTRY

A Capstone Project Presented to the Faculty of

College of Information Technology and Computer Studies
Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Muntinlupa
City of Muntinlupa

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of

Bachelor of Science in Information Technology

BERNUS, KIMBERLENE F.
MATILLA, MARLON
ROBES, JAYSON

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TABLE OF CONTENT

Preliminaries Page

Title Page i
Table of Content ii
List of Figure iv
List of Table v

CHAPTER
1 INTRODUCTION
Project Context 6
Purpose and Description 7
Objective of the Study 8
Scope and Limitation 9

2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Technical Background 11
Related Literature 13
Related Studies 16
Definition of Terms 21

3 METHODOLOGIES
Requirements Analysis 23
Requirement Documentation 26
Design of Software, Product, and Process 27
Development and Testing 32
Implementation 34

4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Project Description 36
Project Structures 36
Project Capabilities and Limitations 41
Project Evaluation 43

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5 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION
Summary of findings 46
Conclusions 48
Recommendation 49

References 50

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Title Page

1 Flowchart 24
2 Use Case Diagram 25
3 IPO Diagram 27
4 Agile Development Methodology 29
5 Main Screen of Coco Care 37
6 Loading Screen of Coco Care 37
7 Coconut Information 38
8 Map Category of Coco Care 38
9 Manual Information Coco Care 39
10 Hierarchical Input Process Input (HIPO) of the 40
Coco Care Application

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LIST OF TABLES

Table Title Page

1 Testing Procedures Conducted by the Proponents 33
2 Likert Scale 34
3 Implementation Plan Table 35
4 Summary of overall mean score evaluation by the 44
actual user
5 Summary of overall mean score evaluation by the IT 45
expert

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CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

PROJECT CONTEXT

The researchers proposed the study of “CocoCare: An Expert System for the

Philippines Coconut Industry”. It is a mobile application that will scan the coconut

fruit. Then, it would get the appropriate diagnosis of disease and the correct treatment

by presenting suggestions on coconut diseases to the user with pictures.

This study also covers the coconut farming process, irrigation management for

coconut, nutrient management, pest and disease management for coconut, coconut

processing, schemes, and services for coconut.

It will benefit all the farmers of coconut especially “Pamares’ Bukuhan” which

is located in San Pablo Laguna City, the Year 2013 since Mr. Juanito Pamares started

his business to be a supplier of coconut. He named it “Pamares’ Bukuhan” which is his

last name and the kind of business he had.

At present, according to Mr. Juanito Pamares some of them coconut farmers do

not know if their coconut is are already had a disease that causes decay. So, it will be

difficult for them to sell the rotten coconut.

For this reason, the proponent proposed “CocoCare: An Expert System for the

Philippines Coconut Industry” to help coconut farmers easily determine their coconuts'

condition.

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PURPOSE AND DESCRIPTION

The project was proposed to help coconut farmers ensure healthy and

unhealthy coconut in the Philippines. According to the Philippine Statistic Authority,

the Davao Region is the top coconut producer with 455.45 thousand metric tons output

or 13.8 percent of the total coconut production, followed by Northern Mindanao and

the Zamboanga Peninsula with 13.3 and 12.7 percent shares, respectively.

This project aims to provide a prototype that detects coconut health conditions

so that it will help us to understand and provide critical information. Healthy coconut

will help us to formulate medicine. This is widely known as part of traditional food in

other provinces, they call it puto bung-bong and sometimes they make it rice. For

unhealthy coconut, this is useful for certain applications and is used in some people’s

daily agricultural and household works for example Bunot, Coconut Fertilizerd, etc.

Listed here are some of the functions and or features users might encounter and

expect as the project progresses.

1. Coconut farming process – It is a step-by-step process of how you plant

and harvest the coconut orderly manner.

2. Irrigation Management for Coconut - This gives the user the guided process

of watering agricultural land.

3. Nutrient Management - It provides the importance and how to distribute

and enrich the land for a better growing process.

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4. Pest and disease management for coconut - Pest and disease management is

particularly important in coconut farming to have better and healthier

results in the coconut industry.

5. Coconut Processing – This is to provide steps that are being distributed

from different departments and processes in their distinct applications.

6. Schemes and Services for Coconut – It provides a list of diverse ways to

present and use the coconut in the industry.

7. CocoScan- It is a scanner that will detect the kind of disease that coconut

has and it will provide a solution.

The purpose of the project is to help coconut farmers in diagnosing coconut

diseases such as bud rot, leaf rot, stem bleeding, and root wilt using CocoScan. By

using this mobile application which is the CocoCare it will help the coconut vendor,

consumer, and the user to easily know their coconut’s condition if it’s rotten or it has a

disease using the scanner of “CocoCare” and it will provide the right treatment on how

to take care of it by presenting a picture and also, how to prevent it.

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The general objective of the study is to create a mobile application called

“CocoCare: An Expert System for the Philippine Coconut Industry” that will help the

coconut farmers easily identify what kind of disease the fruit has using the CocoCare

scanner and also it will identify the proper treatment to apply in the coconut.

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Specific Objectives

1. To design a mobile application called “CocoCare” with the following features:

a. Scan the coconut fruit

b. To be able to identify the diseases of the coconut

c. Allow user to check the coconut if there are pests

d. Proper planting for coconut

e. Variety of coconut

2. To construct the proposed system design

3. To test and improve the proposed system using the alpha and beta tests.

4. To evaluate the performance of the proposed system using the ISO

25010:2011.

SCOPE AND LIMITATION

The mobile application focuses on the main problems of the Coconut Farmers

that’s why the researchers focus on how to solve them. It engages this application that

has a feature called CocoScan it can detect what is the illness of a Coconut by

Scanning, it can also detect whether the coconut is healthy or not and show a possible

solution

and how to prevent it. One of the features of this mobile application called CocoInfo

wherein the user can able to see basic information and other information about

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coconut’s different purposes of itself and what can do more in coconut products. The

mobile application has also the capability to connect to the internet whether it’s Wi-fi

or data it can use this feature to locate the location and to know where are the areas

that have the best to plant or harvest a Coconut. This mobile application can also be

used even offline. It will be very convenient for farmers because they are just using

a mobile application that can be used Offline.

The study would only be primarily exclusive to the android user only. The

application is only accessible to anyone with a mobile phone that has a version of

Android Jelly bean or a higher operating system. The Map feature within will be

accessible only when you have internet access.

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CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

TECHNICAL BACKGROUND

In this chapter, the researchers discuss the technology that is going to use and

the explanation for all those technical development for the proposed mobile

application.

This study was conducted to help Mr. Juanito Pamares’ Coconut Business to be

more useful by using the proposed android mobile system which is the ‘CocoCare’.

Using the scanner, can be used to determine if the coconut was rotten or identify what

kind of disease the fruit had, and prevent death or shortening of the life of the coconut

tree.

By using CocoCare it covered the section of facts and information that will

help the user to know a lot of different types of coconut problems and the solutions. It

will inform the user to know coconut much better from the things that they didn’t

know yet. In CocoCare mobile application, it will let the user those what is the closest

problem that they encountered then it shows some suggestions for coconut diseases to

the user with pictures on how to treat it right.

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CocoCare: An Expert System for the Philippines Coconut Industry is an

Android Based Application that has a Decision Support System, encloses here are

Season and climate, Varieties, Nursery Management, Cultivation Practices, Irrigation

Management, Nutrient Management, Crop Protection, Farm Implants Post Harvest

Technology, Marketing, and Institution.

CocoCare has also features that the researchers called Crop Doctor it contains

the individual problem of different parts of coconut such as leaves, trunk, and flower it

also included how to solve it and by the use of Scanner, it will quickly determine what

specific diagnosis of coconut had.

Another section of CocoCare is the Information System where the user can

find the details on how the proper growth and it includes the do’s and don’ts of proper

caring of coconuts that will help the user to know how to take care of the coconut

properly.

This study was conducted to help Paramares’ Bukuhan to avoid wasted

products

in coconut that lead to a falling amount of production. Due to parasites, and improper

growth of a tree, some of the more common coconut tree disease issues include fungal

or bacterial problems. The fungal pathogen can cause bud rot, which is diagnosed by

the

appearance of black lesions on young founds and leaves. As the disease spreads, the

tree becomes weak and has a difficult time fighting off other invaders. The Expert

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System will help Paramares’ Bukuhan to monitor their Source of income and Properly

Care for every coconut that they have.

RELATED LITERATURE

The expert system on Coconut disease management was created to provide

management strategies for maximizing returns by diagnosing the illness at an early

stage. The system has a comprehensive variety selection module, as well as a scientific

knowledge base in the background. It can be used to select the suitable varieties based

on the characteristics required by the end user. [1] [2]

Coconut goods are the Philippines' most important agricultural export. The

falling amount of production is one of the significant issues in the export of coconut

goods. This study presents an overview of the coconut supply chain, covering coconut

production, export markets, and supply chain structure, as well as an examination of

the restrictions to expanded agricultural output. The policy proposals are laid out. [3]

The coconut is largely utilized for its oil, fiber, and as a culinary item,

especially its tender-nut water. Until the 1950s, coconut oil ranked #1 in the world in

terms of production and worldwide commerce of all vegetable oils. Lower-cost

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sources, such as African oil palm, soybean, canola, and others, have now surpassed

the coconut in terms of oil output and trade. This book discusses the history of the

coconut and its usage as a crop, as well as its revival in food, medicines, and

nutraceuticals. [4]

The Philippines and Indonesia are the world's two largest producers and

exporters of coconuts, but its coconut growers are struggling owing to poor pricing

and palm oil competition. Palm oil has infiltrated Southeast Asian markets and, due to

its cheaper cost, has supplanted coconut oil, the traditional option, in kitchens

throughout the area. [5]

Coconut cultivation takes up about one-third of the land in the Philippines.

Farmers produce enough coconuts for the country to account for 45 percent of global

coconut exports. The Philippine Coconut Authority was established in 1973, but

corruption affected much of the industry. [6]

Coconuts are low capital-intensive, easy-to-do and life-long sources of steady

income if done commercially in a plantation system. Tall coconut kinds begin

generating inflorescence five to nine years after planting, but dwarf coconut varieties

begin producing inflorescence two to three years after planting. Dwarf coconut

develops leaves (fronds) and bunches in quick succession, such that pollen from

successive bunches can fertilize female flowers on the same coconut tree.[7]

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The Philippine is seen less export in coconut oil last year it is because may be

disrupted by logical issues due to Covid 19 pandemic. “Meanwhile, the USDA

reported that the Philippines’ coconut oil output is expected to increase by nearly five

percent to 1.65 million MT, consistent with the expected increase in copra harvests.

For this year, copra production is seen to increase by 2.8 percent compared to the

previous year due to better rainfall in most coconut-growing areas.” [16]

One of famous drinks in the Philippine is also known as “Tuba” a coconut

wine it is made of pure nectar, milky white in color or almost colorless. Tuba is very

delicious when it’s distilled for less than a year. “If a more potent wine is desired,

then often it can be distilled to bring out a stronger drink. In the Visayas Islands,

particularly in Leyte, tuba is made of coconut sap mixed with Barok (the bark of a red

mangrove tree), which serves as a colorant and preservative that offsets

fermentation.” there are some benefits if you drink coconut wine promotes Longevity,

reduces heart attack risk, lower risk of heart disease reduces risk of type2 diabetes,

cuts risk of colon cancer, slows brain decline. [17]

According to Carranza the poorest people in agriculture sector is the coconut

farmers “This was the assessment of Danny Carranza, a coconut farmer and member

the Kilusan Para sa Tunay na Reforming Agrarian at Katarungang Panlipunan

(Katarungan). Carranza blamed the coconut farmers’ poverty on the low copra

prices, inability to intercrop and modernize, and now the COVID-19 pandemic, which

isolates some of them who are living in far-flung areas. “If you’re going to

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compare, we are much poorer now than we were back in 1990,” said Carranza.”

That’s why farmers of the coconut sector are poorest because of the price of copra

and coconut oil. [18]

“Farmers need more market options amid low copra prices” copra is one of

the biggest supplies in our country because of this product it needs the help of our

government to increase the price of a coconut product. “The government should also

relax tree-cutting rules so farmers can generate income from lumber. Republic Act

(R.A.) No. 10593, which amended R.A. No. 8048, or the Coconut Preservation Act of

1995, requires the PCA to issue permits to cut coconut trees”. “Just on the current

situation, Hindi Ako Pibor kasi medio Mahina ang copra prices (I am not in favor

because copra prices are low), so you want to give farmers every market opportunity.

It will be good if they can open up that part of the market so that there is an additional

source of income for coconut farmers.” [19]

For coconut farmers, capacity development activities should be pursued that

are in sync with the changing dynamics of the coconut industry sector due to climate

change, budget crunch, and dearth of an effective and efficient extension education

service. Now back to increasing yields, which I think is the best starting point to

develop the Philippine coconut industry. [20]

Effects of the coconut fiber is higher compared to artificial fiber.” Coconut

fiber reinforced high strength concrete (CFR-HSC) are explored. Silica fume (10% by

mass) and super plasticizer (1% by mass) are also added to the CFR-HSC. The

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influence of 25 mm-, 50 mm-, and 75 mm-long coconut fibers and 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%,

and 2% contents by mass is investigated. The microstructure of CFR-HSC is studied

using scanning electron microscopy (SEM)”. [21]

RELATED STUDIES

The coconut industry is one of the Philippines' most important economic

sectors. Coconut products are the main exporting agricultural commodity in the

country. One of the primary issues in the export of coconut goods is the diminishing

amount of production, which has resulted in a failure to fulfill global demand. [8]

The proposed coconut expert system aims to provide the accurate disease

diagnosis and therapy to the user by offering advice on coconut diseases with images.

Cocos are named for the three indentations on the coconut shell that mimic facial

features, which are derived from the 16th-century Portuguese and Spanish term coco,

which means "head" or "skull." The coconut tree (Cocos nucifera) belongs to the palm

tree family (Arecaceae) and can refer to the entire coconut palm, the seed, or the fruit,

which is botanically a drupe rather than a nut. [9]

For many years, copra, crude coconut oil (CNO), and its derivatives were the

primary exports of the coconut sector to the worldwide market. However, in the last

ten years, we've seen a surge in the number of "non-traditional" items entering

worldwide markets. They profit from the coconut tree's healthy, straightforward, and

natural image that it conveys to customers' subconscious brains. [10]

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Cocos nucifera L. is a thin unbranched stem capped with a cluster of long

green pinnate leaves endemic to the wet tropics. The stem lacks bark and cambium,

and because there are no secondary growth characteristics, the volume once

created remains unchanged. The palm is non-tillering and monoecious, with

separate male and female blooms on the spadix, with the fruits maturing in 10–12

months. Many people have attempted to classify the genetic variety in the crop

using the various morphological traits of the palm. [11]

President Rodrigo Duterte was signing Republic Act (RA)11524 "Coconut

farmers and industry trust fund," the objective of which is to offer financial support

to the coconut sector. The coconut growers who benefit from this initiative might

receive financial support to help them cultivate healthy coconuts. [12]

“The study was carried out in Lanao del Norte Province in the Philippines

from October to November 2016. It was selected purposively for the reason that the

majority of the farming activities is from coconut farming particularly in smallholding

farming” The impact of the coconut production was affected to the coconut farmers

because high cost of the laborer and low price of the product. The problem of the

farmers was higher price of the medicine, fertilizer, laborer and cultivation of land the

lower the price of the product. [13]

The assessment of impact of climate change on coconut, a plantation crop,

is challenging. However, the development of a simulation model (Info Crop-

COCONUT) has enabled the process. Climate change is projected to increase

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coconut productivity in western coastal region, Kerala, parts of Tamil Nadu,

Karnataka and Maharashtra and negatively impact other regions. Agronomic

adaptations like soil moisture conservation, summer irrigation, drip irrigation, and

fertilizer application cannot only minimize losses in majority of coconut areas but

also improve productivity substantially. [14]

Coconut is the third most dominant crop, after rice and corn, and its potential

to fight poverty cannot be discounted. But yields have remained at 40 to 45 nuts per

tree annually, which is below the 200 to 300 nuts recorded in countries like India and

Brazil. A 5% biodiesel requirement in the Philippines would need at least 360 million

liters of CME per year. And to meet that requirement, about 489.8 million kilos of

copra is needed. [15]

The growth of coconut industry is increasing highest annual increase 76.9

percent according to Philippine Statistic Authority (PSA) Philippine is the largest

importer of coconut oil, copra, etc. “For October 2021, the total external trade

amounted to USD16.84 billion. It grew at an annual rate of 15.2 percent. In the

previous month, the annual increase was recorded at 17.1 percent, while a decline of

minus 10 percent was recorded in October 2020”. [22]

There so many uses of virgin coconut oil it use to take medicine against covid

19.“Just recently, Professor Fabian Dayrit of the Ateneo de Manila University

(ADMU), currently Vice President of the National Academy of Science and

Technology (NAST), shared the results of a study he conducted with Cebu City’s Dr.

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Jose Ray Mondejar, which showed that 20 inmate-patients of the Cebu Provincial

Detention and Rehabilitation Center (CPDRC) had recovered from a mild strain of

coronavirus in April and May when they regularly took tablespoons of Virgin Coconut

Oil (VCO) . In another report sourced from Nutra ingredients-asia, the Philippine

Council on Health Research and Development of the Department of Science and

Technology (PCHRD-DOST) has announced that it would test a “coconut oil” in

infected patients with Covid-19 as coconut oil and its derivatives have been studied

previously for its antiviral properties. [23]

Farmers in Leyte is facing a big challenge because of the climate conditions

the region is vulnerable in disaster because its geographical location. “November 8,

2013, the super typhoon Haiyan (locally known as Yolanda) hit Eastern Visayas and

caused massive devastation in lives, properties and livelihood. For the coconut

industry, an estimated 33 million coconut trees, across 295,191 hectares of land have

been damaged, putting the livelihoods of more than one million farming households'

at-risk Small-scale farmers who relied on coconut farming were heavily affected

because Filipino coconut farmers are considered among the poorest of the poor in the

agricultural communities.” [24]

The coconut industry is one of the main products of the country which can

export foreign exchange in the world there so many uses of coconut. Copra coconut

oil they improve the good quality of a products. “This paper, therefore, aims to

present an industry profile with focus on domestic production, consumption, external

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trade, problems/constraints, and market potentials; review past researches on

coconut, technologies generated, and the extent of participation of the private and

public sectors; identify research and technology gaps for the coconut industry;

identify strengths and weaknesses in the institutional structure of research and

extension interface”. [25]

Coconut products is " The dried coconut meat is known as copra and is the

source of coconut oil, which is used in enormous quantities for making fats for baking

and confectionery. An important product used in the chocolate and confectionery

industry is desiccated coconut. The nut is removed from the hard shell and the thin

brown rind pared off. This must be very thorough or the finished coconut will be

contaminated by flecks of brown. The pared nuts are then washed free of milk and skin

residues and put through shredding machines, which give a milled product of varying

degree of fineness” it is very useful to us because the products should many benefits

healthy to our body. [26]

The Philippine is one of the largest amounts of coconut plantation in Lanao

del Norte province the source of income there is farming coconut like copra, coconut

oil, woods” Walis ting-ting" the environmental impact “Environmental impacts of

coconut production may be both positive and negative. Coconut may have a lesser

impact on the environment. However, its negative impact may influence the coconut

farming of the farmers overwhelmingly” the farmers need an increase their product

because it’s difficult to travel to sale their products. [27]

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DEFINITION OF TERMS

To have a better understanding of what this research work is all about, some of the

following terminologies are defined:

Coconut- A large fruit like a nut which produces different kind of products from

the coconut itself.

Copra- This can be processed to produced coconut oil.

Cultivation- It is the process of growing or improving its growth of a coconut tree.

Irrigation- It is the process where the agricultural technique of applying regulated

amounts of water to land in order to aid in crop development.

Rotten Coconut- It is the decomposed fruit that can cause a moldy or smell bad.

Scanner- It is the process where the user can use to determine if the coconut has a

problem or disease.

Treatment- It is the process where the correct solution will apply on the specific

disease of coconut.

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CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY

REQUIREMENTS ANALYSIS

There are several illnesses and inconveniences that might result from the

current process or manual process techniques that may be applied by coconut farmers

to diagnose and treat coconut disease.

The manual process consists of several stages, which are not systematically

followed by the farmers or especially by farmers of particular areas. This is because

some of the problems the farmers face is not easily associated with each other, and

different strategies are followed which may aggravate the problem, leading to the same

result. These stages are the identification and the confirmation of disease or symptoms.

In the identification stage, a farmer is informed about the problem and is asked to

determine whether a symptom is present or not. When the symptoms are identified, the

farmer goes for the confirmation step, where he takes care of proper action to tackle

the problem. The disease identification and confirmation are done either by a

laboratory technician with testing and identification skills.

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FLOWCHART

Figure 1

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Use Case Diagram

A Use case diagram (--) is defined as an interaction between external actors

and the system to attain particular goals. Use phase adds value because it helps explain

how the system should behave and, in the process, they also help brainstorm what

could go wrong.  It provides a list of goals and this list could be used to establish the

cost and complexity of the system. Use phases will help the user to determine the

services required for the deployment. It is used in system analysis to identify, clarify,

and organize system requirements. 

Similarly, Use Case illustrates the functionalities of the CocoCare: An

Expert System for the Philippines Coconut Industry. It showed how the users would

access the mobile application.

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Figure 2

REQUIREMENT DOCUMENTATIONS

Using an ICT-enabled mechanism, the proposed project intends to create an

expert system for agricultural and livestock businesses to make quick decisions for

farmers. Expert systems for agricultural and animal companies are being developed as

part of this project with the explicit goal of enabling fast and informed decision-

making. The proposed expert system design aims at the interaction of business owners,

farmers, veterinarians, diagnostic laboratory technologists, agriculture enterprises, and

farmers who will use the expert system and assist the owners in decision-making for

their farm. It will achieve a system that can facilitate a fast decision by the farmer, but

the expert decision will be made by other users who will be able to update the status of

the decision made by the expert systems. The important feature of the proposed expert

systems is the extensible nature, by using which the expert's decisions can be further

updated, and if any new entities are discovered, the expert will be allowed to make its

decision once more. The user interactions and interactions with the system will be

simple, interactive, rapid, and also, nonrecurring the knowledge and experience of the

user. The expert system will also be equipped with a learning mechanism, which

allows the user to use the decisions made by their decision tool repeatedly in future

decisions. There will be a database with information on current farm diseases for both

humans and animals, leading to a robust decision support system. For large farms, a

farm management software or database will be implemented for managing records and

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transactions between various users and for enabling and monitoring the control of

production.

DESIGN OF SOFTWARE, SYSTEM, PRODUCT AND PROCESS

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

 Features decision
support system.
 Crop protection from
disease.
 Scanner that can detect
the disease.
 Information System
 Descriptive/
 Embedded map
Developmental
HARDWARE
Research
REQUIREMENTS
Method
PC unit/ Laptop
Android mobile device  Survey Cococare: Mobile
SOFTWARE Questionnaire
 Collection, Application
REQUIREMENTS
OS: Android 4.1 Analysis and
Jellybean Interpretation
of data
 Agile
Development
Methodology

FEEDBACK
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Figure 3
Figure 3 shows the Research Paradigm of the study conducted.

The first block is INPUT which shows the different data needed for the study.

The was presented and expounded as well on the problems encountered with the

present system. The said block is done in order to determine the CocoCare an expert

system for the Philippines coconut industry requirements and features.

The second block is PROCESS, which shows the methods and tools and

collection of data and the development of the system. Through a survey questionnaire,

the data which is needed to answer the problems was gathered. Data were tabulated

and presented in tables. The tables and the data entered were analyzed and interpreted.

Through the system methodology, the step-by-step process of developing the system

materialized.

The process yielded an OUTPUT, which is the result of the study; the

proposed An Expert System for the Philippines coconut industry CocoCare: Mobile

application.

DEVELOPMENT AND TESTING

PROJECT DEVELOPMENT

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The Agile methodology model was used in Developing the project as a mobile

application. We choose Agile as a software development tool for it really suits the

proposed study. Each phase of the development is elaborate on this part of the study

and

discusses how the project was conducted and developed. The output of

iteration could be used to evaluate and respond to changing and evolving user

requirements.

Figure 4. Agile Development Methodology

Agile Methodology

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Agile Methodology is a software development method in which requirements

and solutions evolve through collaboration between self-organizing and cross-

functional teams. It includes adaptive planning, evolutionary development, early

delivery, and continuous improvement and encourages rapid and flexible response to

change.

The researchers have chosen to use Agile Methodology as a software

development tool for it really suits the proposed study, the “CocoCare” An expert

system for the Philippines coconut industry and it deals smoothly with all of the

variables on the development and deployment lifecycle. Agile development methods

favor lightweight, continuous planning as opposed to detailed, long-range planning

simply for the fact that, especially in the world of mobile development, change occurs

too frequently. Agile methods have iterations rather than phases. The output of

iteration could be used to evaluate and respond to changing and evolving user

requirements.

The Agile Development Methodology includes the five (5) phases in order to

develop the CocoCare: An expert system for the Philippines coconut industry.

Phase 1: Requirements Analysis/Brainstorm.

The first part of Agile is the Brainstorming phase. It defines a group

discussion, to sum up together the ideas into the creative process on what would be the

flow of the study. The researchers justify the requirements analysis and identified the

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problems being encountered by the present strategy used and the idea would produce

how to solve the problem through group discussion.

Phase 2: Design.

The second phase of agile methodology is the Design phase. In this phase, the

documents of the “Coco care” An expert system for the Philippines coconut industry

were constructed based on the requirement that had been gathered. It is also in this

phase that the researchers planned the features of the system. The resulting

information from the data gathered was also used to define the design of the various

functions of the proposed mobile application.

Phase 3: Development.

The third phase of agile methodology is the Development phase. In this phase,

the iterations, demos, and feedback will occur to test and minimize the problems in

development aimed to evaluate and respond to change and evolve user requirements.

The researchers would test the functionality of the system and identify the

errors to lessen the problems in developing the system. The software used in

developing the systems is Java Script, jQuery, Action Script, and HTML 5.

Java Script is a dynamic computer programming language that was most

commonly used as part of Web browsers. This Java script was used by the developer

in order to control the browser and interact with the user. jQuery is used to design the

mobile application to make it easier to navigate. Hypertext Mark-up Language

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(HTML) was a core technology mark-up language of the Internet used for structuring

and presenting content for the World Wide Web.

Phase 4: Quality Assurance.

The fourth phase of the Agile Methodology is Quality Assurance. This phase is

focused on the maintenance of the desired level of quality of the system, especially by

means of focusing on every stage of the process. The developers aimed to determine

the success of the quality of this system. It was during this phase that the researchers

identified defects and resolved bugs during this phase and also installed the “Coco

Care "An expert system for the Philippines industry to test the usefulness of the

application.

Phase 5: Release to Market.

Lastly, the fifth phase of agile methodology is to release to market the mobile

application through the Google play store. Before the system will be uploaded to the

Google Play store and released to the market, the researchers made sure that the

system is free from errors. The developers had initially released the prototype to the

actual user of the application. Users can download this for free from the said Play

store.

DEVELOPMENT AND TESTING

The testing procedure is to determine whether the error occurs in the mobile

application to test the defects or bugs. Testing involves evaluating and comparing each

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software function. But it cannot guarantee the complete removal of errors. If there's an

error that defects the mobile apps researchers will look for a solution to solve it.

COMPONENT/MODULE TESTING CONDUCTED

Coco Medicine A. Tap the button of coco medicine and you

can identify the type of disease and you
know how to treat them
Coco Info A. Select the information you want to know
about to use of the coconut product in coco
care mobile application
Coco Scan A. For the scanner it functions by using QR
code

Coco Disease A. Tap the button of the Coco disease it

shows the identifications of coconut fruits
and the brown coconut and definitions.
Coco Location A. Tap the map button and contact us
B. Google GPS map will display and point to
the location of the market where are the
highest planted coconut tree.
Table 1. Testing Procedures Conducted by the Proponents

The evaluation instrument was based on the characteristics and sub-

characteristics provided by ISO/IEC 25010:2011.

Respondents of the study were the individual users of the mobile application

such as the 30 information technology (I.T) experts and 30 actual users. purposive

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sampling probability sampling technique; is a form of sampling in which the selection

of the sample is based on the judgement of the researchers as to which subjects.

The statistical tool used in the interpretation of the data is the weighted

arithmetic mean as shown in table 2. Arithmetic mean is used to determine the average

response of the five options in each item namely 5 (excellent), 4 (very good), 3(good),

2(fair), and 1(poor). The arithmetic means for each software characteristic were

computed. These were used to derive the overall evaluation mean.

Scale Range value of mean Interpretation

5 4.51-5.00 Excellent

4 3.51-4.50 Very good

3 2.51-2.50 Good

2 1.51-2.50 Fair

1 1.00-1.50 Poor

Table 2. Likert Scale

IMPLEMENTATION PLAN

In the work entitled Coco Care: An Expert System for the Philippines coconut

industry. The development of a mobile application that present to the expected users.

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That the users want to adopt the application the researchers will hand over the

application together with its documentations if there will be defects researchers will be

responsible for its update and maintenance. If the application will be implemented.

The researchers will prepare a table below.

FEBUARY MARCH APRIL MAY JUNE

REQUIREMENTS
Brainstorming,

ANALYSIS/
Collecting
BRAINSTORMING
information,

Group
Discussion

DESIGN Data
Gathering,
Create Design
Document.

DEVELOPMENT Developing
Mobile
Application.
Evaluation

QUALITY Maintenance the

ASSURANCE quality of mobile
application.
Testing, identified
defects, resolved
bugs.

DEPLOYMENT Installation of
mobile application

Table 3. Implementation plan

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CHAPTER 4

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

PROJECT DESCRIPTION

The capstone project, "CocoCare: An Expert System for the Philippines

Coconut Industry" is a mobile app that can read the coconut's status. With the use of

images of coconut disorders, the user can acquire an accurate diagnosis of the ailment

and the correct treatment, and this would assist all coconut growers, especially

"Pamares Bukuhan" in San Pablo Laguna City, where Juanito Pamares launched his

firm in 2013. Because of his last name and the nature of his business, he called it

"Pamares' Bukuhan." Assisting Filipino coconut farmers to produce nutritious as well

as unhealthy coconuts.

PROJECT STRUCTURE

The project structure of this study shows the detailed information of the

Android application called "Coconut Expert System" and the prototype project in a

study entitled "CocoCare: An Expert System for the Philippines Coconut Industry.".

For the study's primary goal, this section displays and explains the project's distinctive

characteristics.

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With this project, users will be able to learn about a variety of coconut-related

issues and issues that have been solved. The user will gain a deeper understanding of

coconut by learning about new things they weren't aware of before using it. Users will

be able to select the condition that is most relevant to them through CocoCare's

android app.

Figure 5. Main Screen of Coco Care

Figure 5. shows the prototype project that Welcomes “Coco Care, Mobile

Application” by pressing “START TOUR” to continue the program.

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Figure 6. Loading Screen of Coco Care

Figure 6. loading screen shown by the Coconut Expert System Android

Application. That’s the design of the loading screen of this app.

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Figure 7. Coconut Information

Figure 7. The Coconut Information, shows every detail of coconut like its

history, characteristics, related work, etc. You can find the details of the coconut either

in this coconut page or in our Coconut section. This coconut information is provided to

help the visitor of Coconut for science, technology, medicine, and so on. This

information can also be useful in making the right choice of a coconut by knowing its

properties and potential.

Figure 8. Map Category of Coco Care

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Figure 8. In this figure the Map Category, it shows you the Muntinlupa

Information.

Figure 9. Manual Information Coco Care

Figure 9. In this figure, the Manual or the Guide of this application is giving

you information on every tab of this android application such as the menu, back

button, Coco Care, and the other functions. When you go to coco care it shows you all

that information about a Coconut to take care of it.

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Figure 10. Hierarchical Input Process Input (HIPO) of the Coco Care Application

Figure 10. shows the overall system process of the Coco Care Android

application. The main menu has four major processes, which are home, map, about,

and help. The Help section contains a guide to all of the meanings contained within

this Coco Care. In the About part, it has references to developers and the address of a

university. The Map Feature has been using the Google Map feature.

But the Home Category has a minor process, which is coconut products,

coconut lists, and coconut background information. Coconut products contain related

products to coconut products. In Coco Care Background Information, you can find all

the background information about Coco Care. You can read information about the

benefits of coconuts. This Coco Care application will help you to learn new things

about the coconut.

Lastly, the Coconut lists have 4 major features, such as Coco Scanner, Coco

Info, Coco Medicine, and Coco Location. The Coco Location will show you the

location information related to coconut, like where you can find this species, places

where it grows, its spots, etc., and this is also helpful in picking the right coconut for

you. As you can see in this figure of coconut, they are present in many places around

the Philippines, including Muntinlupa and many other places. You can see the places

where this species is growing. It will show you all the information.

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In this map feature, you can also find information about the coconut, including

its topography, production, recipes, etc., and some interesting information about it,

which is easy to read. The Coco Scanner will ask you brief questions to identify what

kind of disease your coconut has. Coco Info will bring you more detailed information

about Coco. Coco Medicine will bring information about different ways to cure the

disease.

And as you have already seen the coco locations, you will see that the coconut

is present everywhere in the Philippines, so you will not need to travel a lot to find it.

It is very easy to locate the right coconut. This application helps you to take care of the

coconut and locate all the coconut species around the Philippines.

PROJECT CAPABILITIES AND LIMITATIONS

The research entitled “Coco Care an Expert System for the Philippine Coconut

Industry “is a project which aims to help the coconut farmers to determine the specific

ill of a coconut, as well as to guide the new and other coconut farmers with the help of

mobile application. The specific objective of the study is to help the farmers how to

determine exactly the ill of a coconut. With the objective in mind by the researchers,

the capabilities of the developed mobile application and its limitation are presented in

this section.

Project Capabilities

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1. The android mobile application can be downloaded in Google Play Store (71.43%

in the market are using the Android Operating system).

2. The android mobile application can scan the image and determine the ill of the

coconut by scanning it (BETA TEST).

3. The android mobile application has capabilities on how to treat a disease coconut

tree.

4. The android mobile application has map capabilities that guide the user where is

the area they see in our application. The map can only be used if you have internet

access on your mobile.

5. The android mobile application has a lot of basic information about coconut

through the feature of coco info.

6. The android mobile application has primary information about areas that are rich

in coconut by using the Coco location feature.

Project limitations

1. The mobile application cannot use on IOS devices it can only use on Android

mobile phones.

2. The mobile application will be uploaded to google play in order to be accessible to

the users.

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3. The mobile application required the user to have internet access to fully work the

whole application.

4. The mobile application is new to the market.

5. The mobile application will be run slowly if the smartphone has a low specification.

PROJECT EVALUATION

To evaluate the project capabilities, the mobile application goes through an

actual testing and evaluation process. The evaluation process was in accordance with

ISO/IEC 25010:2011, the evaluation instrument provides numerical rating to scale the

criteria for the software materials, wherein five (5) is the highest and one (1) is the

lowest, it suggests a software metrics (Excellent, Very Good, Good, Fair and Poor).

Respondents of the study included individual users of mobile applications such as 10

Information Technology (I.T Expert). 10 Actual user.

Comments, suggestions, and recommendations provided by the respondents

were noted for recommendation purposes. Table 4 shows the summary of the overall

mean score of the evaluation report from an actual user while Table 5 shows the

summary of the overall mean score of the evaluation report from an I.T expert.

Actual User Mean Interpretation

Functionality 4.6 Very Good
Content 4.16 Very Good
Reliability 4.26 Very Good
Availability 4.13 Very Good
Overall Weighted Mean 4.28 Very Good
Table 4. Summary of overall mean score evaluation by the actual user

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The summary of all overall weighted mean evaluations by the user shown in

table 4. was 4.28 and rated as “Very Good” the following area of evaluation was

Functionality which was scored 4.6 and was rated “Very Good” because the mobile

application perform task requires was implemented, another is on the area of Content

which was scored 4.16 and was rated “Very Good” because it's accuracy, on the area

of Reliability was scored 4.26 and was rated “Very Good" because it is maintained

even when trouble occurs, and the last area was the Availability that was scored 4.13

and was rated “Very Good” because the mobile application performs according to

specifications and because of its completeness.

Indicators Means Descriptive meaning

Functional suitability 4.23 Very good
Performance efficiency 4.23 Very good
Compatibility 4.35 Very good
Usability 4.38 Very good
Reliability 4.33 Very good
Security 4.28 Very good
Maintainability 4.44 Very good
Portability 4.30 Very good
Overall mean 4.32 Very good
Table 5. Summary of overall mean score evaluation by the IT Expert.

The summary of the overall mean score evaluation by the IT expert as shown

in table 5 was 4.32 was rated “Very Good” the set of functions in the mobile

application covers all specified task and user objectives, on the area of performance

Efficiency which was scored 4.23 was rated “Very Good” because when the

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application performs its function, the response and processing time meet requirements,

Compatibility is another area which was scored 4.35 and was rated “Very Good”

because it was compatible and suitable for mobile phones. Usability was also

evaluated and was scored 4.38 and was rated “Very Good” because the application

was easy to learn and easy to operate. On the area of Reliability which was scored 4.33

and was rated “Very Good” because the mobile application is accessible when

required for use. The other area is Security which was scored 4.28 and was rated

“Very Good” because the mobile application ensures that data are accessible only to

those authorized user. On the part of Maintainability, it was scored by the evaluator

4.44 and was rated “Very Good” because it allows easy analysis of design and

programs when bug is found. And the last part is Portability which was scored 4.30

and was rated “Very Good” because the mobile application provides a flexible

environment and is easy to install.

CHAPTER 5

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND

RECOMMENDATION

This chapter deals with the summary of findings, conclusion, and

recommendation of the researchers based on the result and discussion gathered.

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SUMMARY OF FINDINGS

Summary:

In the capstone project “Coco Care” an expert system for the Philippine

coconut industry. The researchers aim to develop a mobile-based application which

provides to the user a learning on what are the proper treatment of coconut if they have

disease or pest.

Result:

FOR ACTUAL USER

Functionality: The respondents rated “Very Good” because the mobile application

perform task that requires and was implemented.

Content: The respondents rated “Very Good” because of it's accuracy.

Reliability: The respondents rated “Very Good" because it is maintained even when

trouble occurs.

Availability: The respondents rated “Very Good” because the mobile application

performs according to specifications and because of its completeness.

FOR I.T EXPERT

Functional Suitability: The respondents rated “Very Good” the set of functions in

mobile applications covers all specified task and user objectives.

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Performance Efficiency: The respondents rated “Very Good” because when the

application performs its function, the response and processing time meet the

requirements.

Compatibility: The respondents rated “Very Good” because it was compatible and

suitable for mobile phones.

Usability: The respondents rated “Very Good” because the application was easy to

learn and easy to operate.

Reliability: The respondents rated “Very Good” because the mobile application is

accessible when required for use.

Security: The respondents rated “Very Good” because the mobile application ensures

that data are accessible only to those authorized users.

Maintainability: The respondents rated “Very Good” because it allows easy analysis

of design and programs when a bug is found

Portability: The respondents rated “Very Good” because the mobile application

provides a flexible environment and is easy to install.

CONCLUSION

The following conclusions were derived based on the concerns stated in the

objectives of the study and the results of the evaluation conducted:

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1. That the mobile application detects the health of coconuts will help

comprehend and provide vital data.

2. That the mobile application knows that coconut oil can be used as a

medication. Other provinces refer to this dish as puto bung-bong and

occasionally serve it with rice.

3. That the mobile application was useful for certain purposes and is utilized by

some individuals in their agricultural and domestic operations, such as Bunot,

Coconut Fertilizer, etc.

4. That the mobile application was useful for every Filipino coconut farmers in

determining the quality of their coconuts. Using the CocoCare scanner,

coconut farmers can easily identify the disease and the appropriate treatment.

5. That the mobile application resolves the key issues of Coconut Farmers hence,

this is the emphasis of the research.

6. That the mobile application has a CocoScan to detect a coconut's health,

disease, and a remedy or preventative measure.

7. That the mobile application has a CocoInfo that provides users with basic

information about coconuts and their uses.

8. That the mobile application can connect to Wi-Fi or data to determine the

ideal places for coconut cultivation and harvesting.

9. That the mobile application can be utilized offline.

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10. That the mobile application was very helpful for the farmers because they will

find it handy to utilize a smartphone app offline.

RECOMMENDATION

Based on the findings and conclusions presented, the following

recommendations are suggested that the Coco Care an Expert System for the

Philippine Coconut industry should be improved and adopted:

1. That the mobile application will be uploaded to Google play in order to accessible

to the users

2. That the mobile application must be flexible to use even in IOS device 

3.  The developers would initiate the upgrade of the Coco Care Mobile Application for

Additional Features

4. The Other Features of Coco care must be more broad in able to obtain more

effective Specific Result

In the Capstone project entitled ‘ Coco Care an Expert System for the

Philippine Coconut industry  the  project aim to help the farmers to determine what

are the ill of a coconut  and to guide the new and other farmers of proper

distinguishing of ill of a coconut and  familiarize the  basic information about

coconuts . Our mobile application can also help them to know the location of basics

planting sites of a coconut.

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