Roller Bearing

Function of bearings:
1- Provide a connection between substructures & super substructures
2- Transmit the loads to substructures elements
3- Provide the required movements of the substructures

Arrangement of bearings:
1) Ordinary bridge: L >> B 2) Wide bridge: B >L

Hinged Roller R Ball

H R

B
B

H R R
H
L L

3) Continuous bridge: 4) Curved bridge:

H

R
R R H R R
H
Fixed point at mid span R R
R
Plan R
R

Types of bearings:
(1) Ball bearing: one reaction " Z" and moves in two direction "X","Y"
(2) Roller bearing (movable): two reactions "Z,"Y" and moves in one
direction "X"
(3) Hinged bearing (fixed): prevented from three reactions "X","Y" "Z,"

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 Roller Bearing

Ball Roller Hinged

(4) Modern bearing: (Neoprene plates)

Polytetra Flouroethylene P T F E (Teflon)
It is a synthetic rubber reinforced with steel plates

Small thickness to prevent

lateral movement

Rienforced by Roller Hinged

Steel plates

(5) Rocker bearing:

(6) Knuckle bearing: ( )

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 Roller Bearing

Design of: Roller movable bearing

The roller bearing is as shown below:

MG
Stiff

Sole Pl.
Upper bearing.
Pl.

Lower bearing.
Pl.

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 Roller Bearing

The roller bearing consists of:

1- Sole plate:

t1

groove b1

4 t1
12 12 12 2 4
b1
(10 15)
X=36cm
4 b1 4

X = 36cm b1 = bo + 2*(1.5 à4 cm) tat ends = 4cm

Where bo = flange breadth at bearing (after curtailment)
Get "t 1" from the bending on cross section of sole plate
Splate = I / y = (bt3/12) / (t/2) = bt2/6
Allowable of CST 55 = 1.8t/cm2 in bending ECP 31
e is the eccentricity of C.G. of half end bearing stiffener (shaded part).
R is the total reaction of M.G. RD+L+I
b2

M R/2
R/2 e
t
1
t 12t
1 w
b
1
R/2 b
1
End bearing stiffener
R/2

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 Roller Bearing

M
F = 1.8 t / cm2 = get t 1 = ---- cm
b1t12 / 6
R
Where M = *e
2

2- Dimensions of upper bearing plate:

r
b

b2
t2 r t2
4 4

l
2 4
b
b2

b2 = b1 + 2*0.5cm (0.5cm is clearance)

l = b2 + 2*(4+2) cm (bearing pates are preferable to be square) = b
We can not calculate thickness t2 unless we calculate "S" because
R S
the moment = *
2 2

M R
l b t2
t R 4
2
l
R/2 R/2
R R/2 R/2 8cm
S

R/2 R/2
S

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 Roller Bearing

3- Roller (cylinders):

In order to design the

upper bearing plate, we
must calculate the
l
diameter of the cylinders.
S
8
D is calculated from
design of cylinder while D D
S = D + 8cm S l

"l" of cylinder is the same as that of upper bearing plate = b2 + 2*(4+2)

= b1 + 1+ 12 = bo + 13 + 8 = bo + 20 cm

Allowable stresses for cylinder: ECP 31, 32(Hertz formula) (Cast steels)
EV
For cylinder & plate: f max = 0.423 = 8500 kg / cm2 (ECP33)
l *r
Where: "r" is the radius of cylinder "V" is vertical reaction
"l" is the bearing length = b

Important: For cylinder made of cast steel 55 CST 55

The allowable load is 0.095D*l ECP 33 (Deduced from previous relation)
Where D is its diameter and "l" is its length
Allowable bending stresses for CST55 = 1.8 t/cm2

For design of ball bearing:

1 1 2
For two Balls or Ball on plate f max = 0.394 E 2V ( + )
r1 r2

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 Roller Bearing

For cylinder with plate (our case):

Get "D" from equation: R/2 = 0.095*D*l
12 ≤ D ≤ 25 cm, If D < 12 cm take d = 12cm
If D > 25 cm, we can use more than 2 roller but take R = 1.2 * Q d + L+ I
because of un-uniform distribution of load. ECP 33
S = D + 8cm

4- Thickness and radius of upper bearing plate:

M
From previous F = 1.8 t / cm2 = get t 2 = ---- cm
bt 22 / 6
R S
Where M = *
2 2
To calculate radius of curvature for the tip of the upper bearing plate:
R = 0.095 D*b1 get r = D/2
Note that: the length of contact between sole plate and upper bearing
plate is the minimum length "b1"

5- Lower bearing plate:

t3

b l

t3 t3
l

b l

Get "t 3" from bending on cross section of bearing plate

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 Roller Bearing

R/2 R/2 R/2 R/2

fb =R/bl
t3 R/2 R/2
S M2
b
M1
R
Calculate f b =
l *b
Bearing stones à 40 kg/cm2
Concrete F CU 250 à 60 kg/cm2
Concrete F CU 350 à 75 kg/cm2
M
F = 1.8 t / cm2 = get t 3 = ---- cm
bt32 / 6
Where M is the bigger of M1 and M2

lc2 b−S
Note that: M1 = fb * *l and lc =
2 2
Do not forget to multiply *l (length in the other direction).

Redesign lower bearing plate taking the thermal expansion into

consideration:
We have to consider expansion for the bridge = 1cm / 10m from the
bridge length.
When any point on cylinder moves distance , the center of the cylinder
moves distance /2

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 Roller Bearing

The distance between center of plate and point of application of the 2

forces (centers of cylinders) will be S/2 + /2 while the other side will
be S/2 - /2
The plate will be subjected to moment and normal
R/2 R/2 RM

f2 f2
f1 f1

S/2+ /2
S/2- /2
R/2 R/2

Due to movement an external moment will be produced

= R/2 * (S/2 + /2) - R/2 * (S/2 - /2) = R* /2
M max
Check
bt32 / 6
R R∆ / 2 R R∆ / 2
f1 = + 2 f2 = − 2
l * b bl / 6 l * b bl / 6

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 Roller Bearing

Example:
Design Roller bearing of main girder "30 m" max. Reaction 205 t
given the dimension of the end bearing stiffener (t w = 1.4).
Dimensions of stiffener b 1 = 15, t 2 = 1.4, b 2 = 30, t 2 = 1.6 cm) , b flange
= 39 cm using Fcu = 350 kg/cm2
Solution:
Dimensions of all plates and cylinder:
b 1 = b flange + 2 * 1.5 cm = 42 cm
b 2 = b 1 + 2 * 0.5 cm = 43 cm
b = 43 + 2 * (4 + 2) = 55 cm = L 30
(1) Sole plate: t=1.6

(15 * 1.6 * 7.5 * 2) + (8.4 * 1.4 * 4.2) 15 e

e= = 6.85 cm
(15 * 1.6 * 2) + (8.4 * 1.4)
12*1.4=16.8
205
M= * 6.85 = 702 cm t
2
End bearing stiffener
b 1 = b flange + 2 * 1.5 cm = 42 cm
"e"
702
1.8 = t 1 = 7.5 = 8 cm
42 * t12 / 6

(2) Cylinder:
b 2 = b 1 + 2 * 0.5 cm = 43 cm
b = 43 + 2 * (4 + 2) = 55 cm = L
205
= 0.095 * d * 55 d = 19.6 = 20 cm
2
S = d + 8 cm = 28 cm

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 Roller Bearing

(3) Upper bearing plate

28 205
M = 205 * = 1435 cm t
4
1435
1.8 = t 2 = 9.3 = 10 cm 28
55 * t 22 / 6
Get radius of curvature
205 = 0.095 * 2 r * 42 r = 25.7 = 26 cm

(4) Lower bearing plate

Dimensions of plate= a = b = L = 55 cm
10.2.5 102.5
205
f b= = 0.068 < 0.075 t / cm2
55 * 55 fb =0.068*55
lc = (55-28)/2 = 13.5cm 10.2.5 102.5
M2
0.068 * 55 *13.5 2
M1 = = 339 cm t
2 M1
M2 = 339 – 0.068 *282 / 8 *55 = -27.52mt (M1 is always critical)
339
1.8 = t 3 = 4.54 = 5 cm
55 * t32 / 6

Check on lower bearing plate after movement:

S pcm 30
∆= * 1cm = * 1 = 3 cm
10 10
205 205 * 3 / 2
f = ± = 0.079, 0.057 t / cm2
55 * 55 55 * 55 2 / 6
Note that f1 is unsafe because f1 > 0.075 t / cm2 (allowable of
concrete) so we have to increase the dimensions of the lower bearing
plate to be 60cm*60cm
f2 is safe because it is > zero (no tension on bearing)

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 Roller Bearing

15 28 12

0.057 0.063
0.074 0.079

15
0.057 + * (0.079 – 0.057) = 0.063 t / cm2
55
43
0.057 + * (0.079 – 0.057) = 0.074 t / cm2
55
1 2 1 1
M1= [ * 0.057 * * 152 + * 0.063 * * 152 ] * 55 = 365 cm t
2 3 2 3
1 2 1 1
M2= [ * 0.079 * * 122 + * 0.074 * * 122 ] * 55 = 306 cm t
2 3 2 3
Check on the designed plate of thickness 5 cm
365
f = 2
= 1.59 < 1.8 t / cm2 (Safe)
55 * 5 / 6

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