guj ehl;bak;

thrpg;Gj; Jiz E}y;

juk; 6
(2015Mk; Mz; b ypUe; J eilKiwg; g Lj; J tjw; f hdJ)

mofpaw;fy;tpj; Jiw
nkhopfs;> khDltpay; r%f tpQ;Qhd gPlk;
Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;
k`ufk
,yq;if
www.nie.lk
info@nie.lk

I
thrpg;Gj; Jiz E}y;
guj ehl;bak;
juk; 6

Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;

k`ufk
,yq;if
Kjw; gjpg;G : 2015

mofpaw;fy;tpj; Jiw
nkhopfs;> khDltpay; r%ftpQ;Qhd gPlk;
Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;
k`ufk
,yq;if.

,izaj;jsk; : www.nie.lk
kpd;dQ;ry; : info@nie.lk

gjpg;G:
Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;>
k`ufk>
,yq;if.

II
 mwpKfk;
,yq;ifg; ghlrhiy Kiwikapy;> ikag; ghlq;fshf mjhtJ gpujhd ghlq;fshf
Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;s> jha;nkhop> fzpjk;> tpQ;Qhdk; Nghd;w ghlq;fSf;fhf ePz;lfhykhfg;
ghlj;jpl;lj;Jf;F ,izahf Mrpupau; topfhl;bAk; (Teachers’ Guide), ghlE}Yk; (Text Books)
gad;gLj;jg;gl;L te;Js;sd. mjw;fika Mrpupau; topfhl;bia Mrpupau;fSf;Fk;> ghlE}iy
khztu;fSf;Fk; toq;fp khztu;fsJ mwpTf; fz;fisj; jpwf;Fk; Kaw;rpapy; midtUk;
<Lgl;L tUfpd;wdu;.

mofpaw; ghlkhdJ mwpit khj;jpukd;wp ew;gz;GfisAk;> ed;kdg;ghq;FfisAk; cila

jpwd;fis tsu;gg; jpy; ngupJk; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;fpd;wJ. kdpjd; ew;gz;GilatdhFk;NghJ mtdJ
elj;ij kdpj tu;ff; j;jpd; ,Ug;Gf;Fk;> #oypdJk;; ,aw;ifapdJk; ,Ug;Gf;Fk; rhjfkhf mikAk;.
mwpTk; ew;gz;GfSk; nfhz;l khztidNa ,d;iwa r%fk; Ntz;b epw;fpd;wJ. mt;thwhd
xU kdpjid cUthf;Ftjw;F mofpaw; ghlj;ijAk; xU gpujhd ghlkhff; fUjpr; nraw;gLtJ
nghUj;jkhdJ. mjid czu;e;J ,g;ghlj;jpd; Nkk;ghl;Lf;fhf ePz;l fhykhfr; nraw;gl;LtUk;
ehk;> ikag; ghlq;fis kl;Lky;yhJ ,g;ghlj;Jf;Fk; ghlE}y;fs; jahupf;fg;gLtjd; mtrpaj;ij
vLj;Jf; fhl;LfpNwhk;. ,J xU gpujhd ghlk; my;yhjNghJk;> MrpupauJ fw;gpj;jw; gzpf;Fj;
Jizahtjw;fhd xU ife;E}yhf ,t;thwhd xU Nkyjpf thrpg;G E}iyf; fy;tp Kiwikapy;
mwpKfQ; nra;tjw;fhd tha;g;Gf; fpilj;jik Fwpj;J kfpo;r;rpailfpd;Nwd;. ,e; E}y;
khztu;fSf;F toq;fg;gLk; ghlE}Yf;F xg;ghd xd;wy;y. vdpDk;> Mrpupau;f;Fk; khztu;f;Fk;
tYT+l;lj;jf;f> Njrpa uPjpapy; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;l> xU tskhFk;. NkYk; ehnlq;fpYk;
,g;ghltplaq;fs; njhlu;ghd xUikg;ghl;il Vw;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; ,J JizahFk;.

tFg;giwf;F tYtl;Ltjw;fhfj; jahupf;fg;gl;Ls;s ,f; fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jy; ts E}iyf;

fy;tp Kiwikapy; mwpKfQ; nra;tjd; %yk; mila vjpu;ghu;f;Fk; rpwg;ghd NgWfs; tUkhW:

1. Mrpupau;fSf;Fj; Njitahd ghltplaq;fs; vy;yhtw;iwAk; xd;W jpul;b toq;Ftjd;

%yk; MrpupaJ tpidj;jpwid Nkk;gLj;jy;.
2. Mrpupau; topfhl;bapy; tpupthf ,lk; ngw;Ws;s ghltplaq;fis NkYk; tpupthf Kd;itj;jy;.
3. Mrpupau; topfhl;bf;Ff; Fiw epug;Gjyhf mikjy;.
4. fUj; J NtWghLfSf; F cs; s hfj; j f; f ghltplaq; f s; njhlu; g hfj; Njrpa uP j papy;
,zf;fg;ghl;il Vw;gLj;Jtjw;Fj; Njitahd jpl;ltl;lkhd tplaq;fis/ ju;f;fq;fis
Kd;itj;jy;.
5. ghltplaq;fspd; rkepiy kw;Wk; jpl;ltl;lkhd tiuaiwfis Kd;itj;jy; %yk; kjpg;gl
P L
; g;;
gzpfis ,yFgLj;jy;.
6. MrpupauJ mwpit> ghlj;jpl;lj;Jf;F mg;ghYk; tpupTGLj;jp> ghltpla mwpT njhlu;ghd
jd;dk;gpf;ifia cWjpg;gLj;jy;.
7. Mrpupau;fs; khztu;fs; ,uz;L jug;gpdUf;Fk; fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jw; nrad;Kiwia
mu;j;jKs;s ,dpa mDgtkhf;Fjy;.

cupa xU fw;wy; tskhfpa ,J> vkJ ehl;L khzt re;jjpapd; mwpitAk; ew;gz;GfisAk;
tsu;g;gjw;fhd ,dpa fw;ww; #oiy cUthf;Ftjw;Fk; Mrpupau;f;Fj; Jizahf mikAk;.
Mrpupau;fshfpa cq;fsJ nraY}f;fKk; mwpthw;wYk; nkd;NkYk; tpUj;jpailal;Lk;. NkYk;
rkfhy khzt khztpau;f;F mofpaw; ghlf; fw;wy; fw;gpj;jyhdJ Xu; ,dpa mDgtkhf
mikal;Lk; vdTk; gpuhu;j;jpf;fpd;Nwd;.

rh]; j pugjp Rjj; rkurpq; ` >

gzpg;ghsu; (mofpaw; fy;tpj; Jiw)>
Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;>
k`ufk>
,yq; i f.
III
 gpujpg; gzpg;ghsu; ehafj;jpd; nra;jp

fw;wyhdJ njhlu;r;rpahd fzpg;gPl;Lf;F cl;gl;L tUfpd;wJ. cau;e;j milT

kl;lj;ijg; ngWtjw;Fg;> gue;jsT mDgtq;fs; fpilj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. mt;thW gue;jsT
mDgtq;fSld; cau;ej ; fzpgg ; l
P i
; lg; ngWNthu; mjpfsT kfpor
; r
; pailtu;. ,jd; nghUl;L
cupa egu;fs;> ,lq;fs;> nghUs;fs; kw;Wk; #o;epiyfs; fpilj;jy; mtrpakhFk;.

gujehl;baj;ijg; gapYk; khztu;fspd; fw;wy; mDgtq;fis tpuptilar;

nra;tjw;fhf> Nkyjpf thrpg;G E}iyj; jahupf;f Kbe;jikiaapl;Lj; Njrpa fy;tp
epWtfk; kfpo;r;rpailfpd;wJ. ,jw;fhf mu;g;gzpg;Gld; nraw;gl;l midtUf;Fk; vkJ
ed;wpfs; cupj;jhfpd;wd.

khztu; r%fk; Nkw;gb Nkyjpf thrpg;G E}iyg; gad;gLj;jp> me;E}ypy; fhzg;gLk;

Vida mwpT %yq;fisAk; jkjhf;fpf; nfhz;L cau;e;j milTkl;lj;ij Nehf;fpr;
nry;y KbAk;. ,jw;fpzq;f khztu;fs;> Mrpupau;fs;> kw;Wk; ngw;Nwhu;fs; cl;gl
midtUk; ,J Fwpj;Jf; ftdk; nrYj;Jjy; Ntz;Lk;. Nkw;gb Nkyjpf thrpg;G E}iy
nkd;NkYk; mgptpUj;jp nra;tjw;Fj; Njitahd MNyhridfis midtuplKk;
vjpu;ghu;f;fpd;Nwhk;. gps;isfspd; fw;wy; mDgtq;fis tpupTgLj;Jtjw;Fj; Njitahd
rpwe;j #oy; Vw;gl Ntz;Lk; vdg; gpuhj;jpf;fpd;Nwd;.

fyhepjp khk;Gy;nfhl Rkzuj;d Njuu;>

gpujpg; gzpg;ghsu; ehafk;>
nkhopfs;> khdpltpay;> r%ftpQ;Qhd gPlk;>
Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;.

IV
 Kd;Diu

Gjpa rthy;fis vjpu;Nehf;ff; $bajhfj; jahupf;fg;gl;l Gjpa ghlj;jpl;lj;;ij

mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l ,e;j thrpg;G E}y; khztu;fspd; fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jw; nraw;ghl;il
,yFgLj;Jtjw;fhf mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.

“gioad fopjYk; Gjpad GFjYk;” vd;gJ fiyfSf;Fk; nghUe;jp tUtNj. me;j

tifapy; Gjpa rpe;jidfSld; jahupf;fg;gl;L 2007Mk; Mz;L Kjy; eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gLk;
ghlj;jpl;lkhdJ gy Gjpa mk;rq;fis cs;slf;fpajhf ehl;by; ,dr; rkj;Jtj;JlDk;
xw;WikAlDk; thOk; Gjpa rKjhaj;ij cUthf;Fk; Nehf;Fld; jahupf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwJ.

Gjpa rpe;jidAld; Gjpa ehnshd;Wf;fhff; fhj;jpUf;Fk; khztu;fspilNa rpe;jidj;

jlq;fy;fs; Vw;gl;Ltplf; $lhJ vd;gij Nehf;fhff; nfhz;L ,e;E}y; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.
rpwpasT tsq;fspy; ngUksT gad;ngwNtz;baJ ,d;iwa rKjhaj;jpd; epiyaha;
,Ug;gpDk; ,e;E}y; khztu;fspdJk; Mrpupau;fspdJk; fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jw; nraw;ghl;by;
ngUe;Jiz GupAk; xU rhjdkhFk;.

jpUkjp.ep\he;juhfpdp jpUf;Fkud;>
nraw;wpl;lj; jiytu;>
mofpaw;fy;tpj; Jiw>
Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;>
k`ufk.

V
 fiyj; j pl; l f; FO

MNyhridAk; topfhl;lYk; : fy;tprhh; mYty;fs; rig>

Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;.

ghl epGzj;Jt MNyhrid : jpU. Rjj; rkurpq;`>

gzpg;ghsh; - mofpaw;fy;tpj; Jiw.

ghl ,izg;ghf;fk; : jpUkjp. ep\he;juhfpdp jpUf;Fkud;>

nraw;wpl;lj; jiyth;>
mofpaw;fy;tpj; Jiw.

vOj;jhsh; FO : jpUkjp. ep\he;juhfpdp jpUf;Fkud;>

(cs;thhp) nraw;wpl;lj; jiyth;>
mofpaw;fy;tpj; Jiw.

(ntspthhp) : jpUkjp.Nf.v.`up];>
Mrpupa MNyhrfu;>
fy;tp tyak;>
fk;gis.

jpUkjp NjtFkhup NahNfe;jpud;>

Mrpupau;>
ah /njhz;ilkhdhW tPufj;jpg;gps;is
kfh tpj;jpahyak;.

nkhop Nkw;ghh;it : jpU.v];.nry;tFkhu;>

Mrpupau;>
ah /gz;lj;jupg;G ngz;fs; cau;ju
ghlrhiy.

fzpdp Nfhh;gG
; k; tbtikg;Gk; : jpUkjp.Nf.v.`up];>
Mrpupa MNyhrfu;>
fy;tp tyak;>
fk;gis.

nry;tp. nry;tuQ;rpdp nry;yj;Jiu>

Mrpupa E}yfu;>
ah /njhz;ilkhdhW tPufj;jpg;gps;is
kfh tpj;jpahyak;.

ml;ilg;gl tbtikg;G : jpU. utPe;u NjEtu.

VI
 cs; S iwahf

mwpKfk; iii

gpujpg; gzpg;ghsu; ehafj;jpd; nra;jp iv

Kd;diu v

fiyj;jpl;lf;FO vi

cs;Siwahf vii

rpd;dr; rpd;d rpWkpau; 1

ek];fhu tpsf;fk; 2
jpahd ];Nyhfk; 3
xw;iwf;if Kj;jpiu 4
gujehl;bak; fw;gjdhy; Vw;gLk; ed;ikfs; 5
FUtzf;fk; 6
cyfpay; tuyhW 7
Mrhdhf ehdpUe;jhy; 8
jz;bak; 9
jl;llT 10
jl;llT jhsk; (1 - 8 ) 11 - 17
ehl;llT 18
ehl;llT jhsk; 19
ehl;baf; fpukk; 20
Nfhapy; eldkhju; 21
fpuhkpa eldj;jpd; tiffs; 22
,ul;ilf; if Kj;jpiu 23
mG+u;t Kj;jpiu 24
gujk; 25
ehl;ba yl;\zk; 26
Fk;k;p 27
Nfhyhl;lk; 28
gd;dpU khj ,e;J rka tpohf;fs; 29
vry ngu`uh 30

VII
Njh; r ; r p 2.0 : ,aw;ifr; #oypy; jhk; ghh;j;J ,urpj;jtw;iwAk;> ntt;NtW
tifahd ghly;fisAk; Nfhh;itfisAk; mgpeapj;J
Mw;Wifg;gLj;Jthh;.

Njh;r;rp kl;lk; 2.2 : mgpeag; ghlYf;F mgpeak; mikj;J Mw;Wifg;gLj;Jthh;.

nraw;ghL 2.2.1 : “rpd;dr; rpd;d rpWkpah; ehNk” vd;w ghliyg; ghb mgpeak;
mikj;J Mw;Wifg;gLj;jpf; fhl;LNthk;.
rpd;dr; rpd;d rpWkpau;”
“rpd;
,uhfk; :- Mde;jigutp jhsk;:-rJ];uVfk;

1) ghgh ghjg kggk fup]ep

rpd;dr; rpd;drpWkpau; ehNk
, ]h] uPfup up]]h ]h , ,
Nru;eJ
; Ml te;NjhNk..
fhfh fhfh fhkk fhkh
tz;z tz;z jPgq;fs; Vw;wp
, upupk ghjg uPfup ]h > >
tise;J Ml te;NjhNk.
2) ghgg gh>k gg];ep ]h ]h //
kpd;dypil mire;jpl ehNk
, epep] uPfup ];epeP ]h> > //
Js;sp Ml te;NjhNk
gh]h epjeP ghjg kfkh //
md;d eilAk; nghd;dpd; mzpAk;
>upupk ghjg uPfup ]h > > //
nghypa Ml. te;NjhNk
3) fhypw; rpyk;Gfs; fyPu; fyPnud
ifapw; jhsq;fs; jj;jpkp jpkpnad
Ntypd; tpopfs; nkhopfs; gfu
$b Ml te;NjhNk
4) ngz;fs; FyNk Xq;fplNt
ngUikAld; mtu; tho;ej
; plNt
fz;fs; ehNk ehl;bdpw;Nf vd;w
fw;Nwhu; thf;iff; fhf;fNtz;LNk.

1
Njh; r ; r p 3.0 : guj ehl;baj;jpw;Fhpa Muk;g jirehh;g; gapw;rpfisAk;>
mlTfisAk;> mq;f Ngjq;fs;> ehl;ba cUg;gbfisAk;
mgpeapj;Jf; fhl;Lthh;.

Njh;r;rp kl;lk; 3.1 : guj ehl;baj;jpw;Fhpa mbg;gilg; gapw;rpfis

Nkw;nfhs;thh;.

nraw; g hL 3.1.2 : ek];fhuj;jpidg; gf;jpAlDk;. mq;fRj;jj;JlDk;

nra;tjw;Ff; fw;Wf; nfhs;Nthk;.

ek]; f hu tpsf; f k;

ek];fhuk; vd;gjd; jkpo;r;nrhy; tzf;fk; vd;gjhFk;. ,J eldk; MLtjw;F

Kd;dUk; eldk; Mba gpd;dUk; nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;. ek];fhuj;jpd; NghJ flfhKfk;>
rpfuk;> rJuk;> mQ;ryp Mfpa `];jq;fSk; rkghjk;> KOkz;b Mfpa ghjepiyfSk;
,lk;ngWfpd;wd.

ehk; eldk; MLk; NghJ> xUtu; KuR mbg;gtu; Nghy; ,Uf;fpd;whu;. mNj
Ntisapy; mtuJ ghjq;fs; fopfshfTk;> G+kp KurhfTk; khWfpd;wd “G+khNjtpNa
cd;id vd; ghjq;fshy; Xq;fp kpjpg;gij eP nghWj;jUs Ntz;Lk;” vd;W ,iwtidg;
gpuhu;j;jpg;gjhf mikfpd;wJ. ,J KiwNa FUTf;Fk;> m\;ljpf;Fg; ghyfu;fSf;Fk;>
G+khNjtpf;Fk;> rigNahUf;Fk; tzf;fk; nrYj;Jtjhf mikfpwJ.

2
Njh; r ; r p 3.0 : guj ehl;baj;jpw;Fhpa Muk;gg; gapw;rpfisAk;
mlTfisAk;> mq;f Ngjq;fisAk; ehl;ba
cUg;gbfisAk; mgpeapj;Jf; fhl;Lthh;.

Njh;r;rp kl;lk; 3.1

3.1: guj ehl;baj;jpw;Fhpa mbg;gilg; gapw;rpfis
Nkw;nfhs;thh;.

nraw; g hL 3.1.3 : “jpahd ];Nyhfj;jpid mgpeapf;ff; fw;Wf; nfhs;Nthk;”.

j; a hd ]; N yhfk;
Mq;fpfk; Gtdk; a];a thr;rpfk;

]u;t thq;kak;/

M`hh;ak; re;jpu jhuhjp jk; Ek`;

]hj;tpfk; rptk;//

fUj; J :-

cyfj;ij clk;ghfTk;> NgRk; nkhopfs; ahTk; xNu nkhopahfTk;> re;jpu>

el;rj;jpuq;fis> Mil> Mguzq;fshfTk; mzpe;j gupRj;jkhd rptngUkhNd ck;ik
tzq;Ffpd;Nwd;.

rk]; f pUjk; jkpo; gad; g Lj; J k; Kj; j piu

Mq;fpfk; clk;G g;uhsk;gk;

Gtdk; cyfk; ]{rp

a];a ahUila g;uhsk;gk;

thr;rpfk; thu;ji
; jfs; KFsj;jpypUe;J mygj;kk;

]u;t vy;yh ]{rp

thq;kak; nkhop j;upypq;fj;jpypUe;J re;jp;ufyh

M`hu;ak; Mguzk; rJuk;

re;jp;;u re;jpud; mygj;kk; (,lJ ifapy;)

jhuhjp el;rj;jpuk;; fhq;$yNgjk; / rpypl;l fhq;$yk;

(tyJ ifapy;)

jk; ck;ik ]{rp

Ek`; tzq;Fjy; mQ;ryp

rhj;tpfk; gupRj;jkhd `k;]h];ak;

rptk; rptngUkhd; rptypq;fk;

3
Njh; r ; r p 3.0 : guj ehl;baj;jpw;Fhpa Muk;gg; gapw;rpfisAk;>
mlTfisAk;> mq;f Ngjq;fisAk; ehl;ba
cUg;gbfisAk; mgpeapj;Jf; fhl;Lthh;.

Njh;r;rp kl;lk; 3.2 : mbg;gil mlTfs;> Nfhyg; gapw;rpfs; Kj;jpiug;

gpuNahfq;fis mgpeapj;Jf; fhl;Lthh;.

nraw; g hL 3.2.1 : “xw;iwf; if Kj;jpiufis cr;rupg;Gg; gpioapd;wpf; $wp

mgpeapj;Jf; fhl;LNthk;”.

xU ifahy; mgpeapj;jy; xw;iwf;if Kj;jpiu vdg;gLk;.

xw;iwf;if Kj;jpiu my;yJ m]k;Aj `];jk;

1. gjhfk; - nfhb
2. jpupgjhfk; - Kg;ghff; nfhb
3. mu;j;jgjhfk; - miuf;nfhb
4. fu;j;juPKfk; - fj;jupf;Nfhy;
5. kA+uk; - kapy;
6. mu;j;jr;re;jpud; - miukjp
7. muhsk; - tise;jJ
8. RfJz;lk; - fpsp%f;F
9. K\;b - Kl;bf;if
10. rpfuk; - cr;rp
11. fgpj;jk; - tpshk;gok;
12. flfhKfk; - tisapd; tha;
13. #rp - Crp
14. re;jpufyh - gpiwr;re;jpud;
15. gj;kNfhrk; - jhkiu nkhl;L
16. ]u;g;grPu;]k; - ghk;Gg; glk;
17. kpUfrPu;]k; - khd;jiy
18. rpk;gKfk; - rpq;fj;jpd; Kfk;
19. fhq;$yk; - gok;
20. mygj;gk; - kyu;e;j jhkiu
21. rJuk; - rhJu;ak;
22. gpuk;kuk; - tz;L
23. fk;rh];ak; - md;dj;jpd; myF
24. fk;rgf;rk; - md;dj;jpd; rpwF
25. re;jk; rk; - ,Lf;fp
26. KFsk; - nkhl;L
27. jhk;u$lk; - Nrty;
28. jpup#yk; - jpup#yk;

crhj;Jiz : mgpeaju;g;gzk;> c.Nt.rhkpehjIau;

yF gujk;> Nguhrpupau; Rjhuhzp uFgjp.

4
Njh; r ; r p 4.0 : eldq;fs; njhlh;ghd mbg;gil mk;rq;fisAk;>
vz;zf;fUf;fisAk; tpsf;Fthh;.

Njh;r;rp kl;lk; 4.1 : guj ehl;ba mbg;gil mk;rq;fis ,dq;fz;L Fwpg;gpLthh;.

nraw; g hL 4.1.1 : guj ehl;bak; fw;gjdhy; Vw;gLk; ed;ikfis mwpe;J

nfhs;Nthk;.

gujehl;bak; fw;gjdhy; Vw;gLk; ed;ikfs;

* gf;jp czu;T Vw;gLk;;.

* clYk; cs;sKk; cWjpailfpd;wJ.

* gy tpjkhd Neha;fspypUe;J clyhdJ fhg;ghw;wg;gLfpd;wJ.

* FOthf eldkhLk; NghJ FO xw;Wik Vw;gLk;.

* Nghl;bfspy; gq;Fgw;Wk; NghJ tpl;Lf;nfhLf;Fk; kdg;ghq;F cUthfpd;wJ.

* gilg;Gf;fspd; Clhff; fw;gidahw;wiy ntspf;nfhz;L tUtjw;F ce;J

rf;jpahf mikfpd;wJ.

* ,urpf;Fk; jd;ik Vw;gLfpd;wJ.

* cly; fl;likg;Gk; moFzu;r;rpAk; Nkk;gLk;.

* r%f mq;fPfhuk;> Gfo; vd;gd fpilf;Fk;.

5
Njh; r ; r p 4.0
4.0: eldq;fs; njhlh;ghd mbg;gil mk;rq;fisAk;>
vz;zf;fUf;fisAk; tpsf;Fthh;.

Njh;r;rp kl;lk; 4.1 : guj ehl;ba mbg;gil mk;rq;fis ,dq;fz;L Fwpg;gpLthh;.

nraw; g hL 4.1.2 : “FU tzf;fk;” vd;w ];Nyhfj;jpidAk; fUj;jpidAk; fw;Nghk;.

FU tzf;fk;
“FUu; g;uk;kh FU tp\;Z

FU NjNth kN`];tu`

FU rhl;\hj; gug;uk;k

j];ik = FuNt ek`”

fUj; J :-

FUNt gpuk;kd;> FUNt tp\;Z> FUNt kN`];tud;> FUNt guk;nghUs;. me;jf;

FUtpw;F tzf;fk;.

FUtpw;F tzf;fk; nra;J> tpj;ijfis Muk;gpg;gJ gz;il fhyk; njhl;L

eilngWk; tof;fkhFk;. khjh> gpjhtpw;F mLj;jgbahfj; nja;tj;jpw;F Kd;gjhf FU>
tzf;fj;jpw;F cupatuhfpwhu;.

“khjh gpjh FU nja;tk;”

6
Njh; r ; r p 5.0 : eldq;fspd; fyhrhu> gz;ghl;L tuyhw;Wg; gpd;dzpia
mwpe;J nfhs;thh;.

Njh;r;rp kl;lk; 5..3

5..3: eldj;jpd; cyfpay; tuyhw;Wg; gpd;dzpia
Muha;e;J mwpthh;.

nraw; g hL 5.3.1 : cyfpay; tuyhw;Wld; njhlh;GgLj;jp eldj;jpd; Njhw;wk;

gw;wp mwpe;J nfhs;Nthk;.

cyfpay; tuyhW
ehfupfNkh> gz;ghNlh ,y;yhj fhyj;jpy; kdpjd;> jd; kdjpy; vOk; czu;r;rpfis
Xirahf> xypahf kfpo;it md;Nwy; Jd;gj;ij ntspg;gLj;jf; iffisj; jl;b> xyp
vOg;gp> $r;rypl;L ntspg;gLj;jpdhd;;.

nkhop Njhd;Wtjw;F Kd;Ng Mjpfhyj;jpy; kdpjd; iriffs; %yKk;> Kfghtq;fs;

%yKk; jdJ czu;rr ; pfisg; gupkhwpf; nfhz;lhd;. re;Njh\ kpFjpahy; iffisf; nfhl;br;
rj;jkpl;Lj; Js;spdhd;. Jf;fk; te;jpl;lNghJ mOJ $r;rypl;lhd;.

kdpju;fs; ntt;NtW xyp epiyapy; Xir vOg;g> mJ rpwpJ rpwpjhf ,ir Njhd;wf;
fhuzkhdJ. Fjpj;jy;> ifjl;Ljy;> if> fhy;fspd; ntt;NtW mirTfs; xd;W Nru;e;J
eldkhf tbtk; ngw;wd.

iffspd; jl;Ljy; jhsk; MfTk;> Fjpj;jy;> if mirTfs; eldkhfTk; tbtk;

ngw;wJ. ,t;tpjk; ,ir> $j;J> jhsk; vd;gtw;iw kdpjd; jhd; mwpahkNyNa fz;L
gpbj;jhd;. ,aw;ifia topglTk;> ghtid nra;aTk; Kw;gl;lNghJ eldk; Njhd;wpaJ.
ehsiltpy; ,it ntt;NtW ehLfs;> nkhopfs; fyhrhuq;fSf;Nfw;gj; jdpj;jd;ik ngw;wJ.

7
Njh; r ; r p 2.0 : ,aw;ifr; #oypy; jhk; ghh;j;J ,urpj;jtw;iwAk;> ntt;NtW
tifahd ghly;fisAk; Nfhh;itfisAk; mgpeapj;J
Mw;Wifg;gLj;Jthh;.
Njh;r;rp kl;lk; 2.2 : mgpeag; ghly;fSf;F mgpeak; mikj;Jf; fhl;Lthh;.

nraw; g hL 2.2.2 : “Mrhdhf ehdhdhy;” vd;w ghliyg; ghb mgpeapj;Jf;

fhl;LNthk;.

Mrhdhf ehdhdhy; mwpTiufs; $wpLNtd;;

rpd;dQ; rpwpa ghyUf;F ey;y fy;tp ehd; jUNtd;

lhf;luhf ehdhdhy; ehb gpbj;Jg; ghu;j;jpLNtd;

Cf;fj;Jld; Nehahspf;F CrpkUe;J Vw;wpLNtd;

je;ij Nghy ehdhdhy; jghw;fhud; MfpLNtd;

irf;fps; jd;dpy; VwpLNtd; jghy; je;jp nfhLj;jpLNtd;

tpahghup ehdhdhy; tpw;wpLNtd; gy nghUl;fs;

fha;fwp tpw;wpLNtd; fz;zpakha;; tho;e;jpLNtd;.

8
Njh; r ; r p 4.0 : eldq;fs; njhlh;ghd mbg;gil mk;rq;fisAk;>
vz;zf;fUf;fisAk; tpsf;Fthh;.

Njh;r;rp kl;lk; 4.1 : guj ehl;ba mbg;gil mk;rq;fis ,dq;fz;L

Fwpg;gpLthu;.

nraw;ghL 4.1.5 : “jz;bak;” vd;Dk; tplaj;ij mwpe;J nfhs;Nthk;.

jz; b ak;

jz;bak; vd;gJ Nfhiyf; Fwpf;fpd;wJ. ,J eldg; gapw;rp nra;Ak; jbahFk;.

Ie;jhtJ tajpy; jz;bak; gpbj;j eld khzth;> VO Mz;Lfs; gapw;rpngw;W

gd;dpuz;lhtJ tajpy; muq;NfWtu; vdr; rpyg;gjpfhuk; $WfpwJ. Njtubahh;fs; vdg;gLk;
mf;fhy eldkhjh;> tp[ajrkpad;W rpyk;gf; $lj;jpy; rJukhf ney;gug;gp ehl;bak; fw;Wf;
nfhs;gtiu ehl;ba Muk;g Kiwf;Nfw;g miukz;bapy; epw;f itj;Jg; gl;Lj;Jzpahy;
Rw;wpapUf;Fk; Nfhiyg; (jz;bak;) G+ir nra;J ifapw; nfhLg;gh;. mf;Nfhiy> ehl;bak;
fw;Wj;Njh;e;j rw;W taJKjph;e;j Njtubahh;fs; ,UGwKk; gpbj;Jf; nfhz;L khztpapd;
ifiaf; Nfhypd; eLNt gpbf;f itj;J> FU Kjy; mlit khztpapd; fhiyj; nja;ah
nja; vd;W mOj;jkhf ney;ypd; Nky; mbj;Jf; fw;Wf; nfhLg;ghh; vd;W Njtubahh;fspd;
ehl;baj; njhlf;fg; gapw;rp Kiwapw; nrhy;yg;gLfpwJ.

rpq;fs eldg; ghuk;ghpaj;jpy; “jz;bak;” vd;gJ eldf; fiyQh; kz; b a (miu

kz;b) vd;Dk; epiyf;Fr; nrd;W “ghrwk;g” vd;Dk; mlTg; gapw;rpia Nkw;nfhs;tjw;Fg;
gad;gLj;jg;gLk; jbiaf; Fwpf;fpd;wJ.

9
Njh; r ; r p 4.0 : eldq;fs; njhlh;ghd mbg;gil mk;rq;fisAk;>
vz;zf;fUf;fis tpsf;Fthh;.

Njh;r;rp kl;lk; 4.2 : guj ehl;baj;jpd; vz;zf;fUf;fisAk;> mlTfSf;Fhpa

nrhw;fl;bidAk;> jhs mq;ff; FwpaPl;ilAk; mwpe;J $Wthh;.

nraw; g hL 4.2.1 : jl;llT gw;wp mwpe;J nfhs;Nthk;.

jl; l lTfs ;
• gujehl;baj;jpd; Muk;g mg;gpahrkhFk;.

• ,Lg;gpNy iffis itj;J epyj;jpNy fhy;fisj; jl;br; nra;tjdhy;

,jw;Fj; jl;llT vd;W ngau;.

• ,J vl;L tifg;gLk;.

• 1>2>4>5>6>7 tiuapyhd mlTfs; Mjpjhsj;jpYk;> 3MtJ 8 MtJ mlTfs;

&gf jhsj;jpYk; mike;jpUf;Fk;.

mlT nrhw;fl;L
1 nja;ahnja;
2 nja;ahnja;
3 nja;ah nja;ah nja;
4 nja;ah nja;ah nja;ah nja;
5 nja;ah nja;ah nja; nja; jhk;
6 nja; nja; jhk; nja; nja; jhk;
7 nja; nja; jj;jj; nja; nja; jhk;

8 nja; nja; nja; nja; jpj;jpj; nja;

10
Njh; r ; r p 4.0 : eldq;fs; njhlh;ghd mbg;gil mk;rq;fisAk;> vz;zf;
fUf;fisAk; tpsf;Fthh;.
Njh;r;rp kl;lk; 4.2 : guj ehl;baj;jpd; vz;zf;fUf;fisAk;> mlTfSf;Fhpa
nrhw;fl;bidAk;> jhs mq;ff; FwpaPl;ilAk; mwpe;J $Wthh;.
nraw; g hL 4.2.3.1 : 1MtJ 2MtJ jl;llTfspd; nrhw;fl;bidAk; mjd; jhs
mq;ff; FwpaPl;ilAk; mwpe;J nfhs;Nthk;.

nrhw;fl;bidj; jhsj;jpw;F Vw;g khztiug; gpd;tUkhW vOjtopg;gLj;jy;.

mq;ff; FwpaPLfs; Nghlg;glyhk;. fhu;itf; FwpaPLfs; ,lg;glhJ vOJjy;
Ntz;Lk;.

1MtJ 2MtJ jl;llTfs; (Mjp jhsk;)

11
Njh; r ; r p 4.0 : eldq;fs; njhlh;ghd mbg;gil mk;rq;fisAk;> vz;zf;
fUf;fisAk; tpsf;Fthh;.

Njh;r;rp kl;lk; 4.2 : guj ehl;baj;jpd; vz;zf;fUf;fisAk;> mlTfSf;Fhpa

nrhw;fl;bidAk;> jhs mq;ff; FwpaPl;ilAk; mwpe;J $Wthh;.

nraw; g hL 4.2.3.2 : 3MtJ jl;lltpd; nrhw;fl;bidAk; mjd; jhs mq;ff;

FwpaPl;bidAk; mwpe;J nfhs;Nthk;.

3MtJ jl;llT (&gf jhsk;)

12
Njh; r ; r p 4.0 : eldq;fs; njhlh;ghd mbg;gil mk;rq;fisAk;> vz;zf;
fUf;fisAk; tpsf;Fthh;.

Njh;r;rp kl;lk; 4.2 : guj ehl;baj;jpd; vz;zf;fUf;fisAk;> mlTfSf;Fhpa

nrhw;fl;bidAk;> jhs mq;ff; FwpaPl;ilAk; mwpe;J $Wthh;.

nraw; g hL 4.2.3.3 : 4MtJ> 5MtJ> 6MtJ> 7MtJ> 8MtJ jl;llTfspd;

jhs mq;ff; FwpaPl;bid mwpe;J nfhs;Nthk;.

4MtJ jl;llT (Mjp jhsk;)

13
5MtJ jl;llT (Mjp jhsk;)

14
6MtJ jl;llT (Mjp jhsk;)

15
7MtJ jl;llT (Mjp jhsk;)

16
8MtJ jl;llT (&gf jhsk;)

17
Njh; r ; r p 4.0 : eldq;fs; njhlh;ghd mbg;gil mk;rq;fisAk;> vz;zf;
fUf;fisAk; tpsf;Fthh;.

Njh;r;rp kl;lk; 4.3 : guj ehl;baj;jpw;Fupa mbg;gil vz;zf;fUf;fisAk;>

ehl;lltpw;Fhpa jhsj;jpidAk; mwpe;J $Wthu;.

nraw; g hL 4.3.1 : ehl;llT gw;wp mwpe;J nfhs;Nthk;.

ehl; l lT
gujehl;baj;jpd; ,uz;lhtJ mg;gpahrkhFk;. fhy;fis ehl;br; nra;tjhy; ehl;lT vd;w
ngau; te;jJ. ,J 8 tifg;gLk;. ,J Mjpjhsj;jpy; mike;Js;sJ. ,jd; nrhw;fl;L
nja;Ak; jj;j nja;Ak; jh. ,t; mltpNyNa ifg; gpuNahfk; Kjd;Kjypy; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.

mlTfs; ghtpf; F k; Kj; j piufs;

1.

2.

3. jpupgjhfk;

4.

5. flfhKfk; > mygj; k k; > jpupgjhfk;

6. jpupgjhfk;

7. flfhKfk; > mygj; k k;

8. flfhKfk; > mygj; k k; > #rp>K\; b >

mtfpj; j k; > gjhfk;

18
Njh; r ; r p 4.0 : eldq;fs; njhlh;ghd mbg;gil mk;rq;fisAk;> vz;zf;
fUf;fisAk; tpsf;Fthh;.

Njh;r;rp kl;lk; 4.3 : guj ehl;baj;jpw;Fupa mbg;gil vz;zf;fUf;fisAk;>

ehl;lltpw;Fhpa jhsj;jpidAk; mwpe;J $Wthu;.

nraw; g hL 4.3.2 : ehl;lltpw;Fhpa nrhw;fl;ilj; jhs mq;ff; FwpaPl;Lld;

vOJNthk;.

ehl; l lT (Mjp jhsk; )

19
Njh; r ; r p 4.0 : eldq;fs; njhlh;ghd mbg;gil mk;rq;fisAk;>
vz;zf;fUf;fisAk; tpsf;Fthh;.

Njh;r;rp kl;lk; 4.3 : guj ehl;baj;jpw;Fupa mbg;gil vz;zf;fUf;fisAk;>

ehl;lltpw;Fhpa jhsj;jpidAk; mwpe;J $Wthu;.

nraw; g hL 4.3.3 : “ehl;baf;fpukk; gw;wp mwpe;J nfhs;Nthk;”.

ehl; b af; fpukk;

aNjh `];j]; jNjh jpU];b /

aNjh jpU];b]; jNjh kd` //
aNjh kd]; jNjh ght /
aNjh ght]; jNjh u]` //

nghUs; - iffs; vq;F nry;fpd;wdNth mq;F fz;fs; nry;y Ntz;Lk; fz;fs; vq;F
nry;fpd;wdNth mq;F kdk; nry;y Ntz;Lk;. kdk; vq;F nry;fpd;wNjh mq;F ghtk;;
Njhd;w Ntz;Lk;. ghtk;; vq;F nry;fpd;wNjh mq;F u]k; Njhd;Wk;.

M];Na ehykgNaj; fPjk;

`];Nj ehh;j;jk; g;ujh;\Naj; /
rf;Rh;g;ahk; jh;\Naj; ghtk;
ghjhg;ahk; jhskhrNuj;;. //

nghUs; - ghl;bid thapdhy; ,irf;f Ntz;Lk;. iffspdhy; fUj;ij ntspg;gLj;j

Ntz;Lk;. ,U fz;fshYk; ghtj;ijf; fhl;l Ntz;Lk;. ,U fhy;fshYk; jhsj;ijg;
Nghl Ntz;Lk;.

20
Njh; r ; r p 5.0 : eldq;fspd; fyhrhug; gz;ghl;L> tuyhw;Wg; gpd;dzpia
mwpe;J nfhs;thh;.

Njh;r;rpkl;lk; 5.1 : eldf;fiyf;Fj; njhz;lhw;wpNahu; gw;wp mwpe;J $Wthh;.

nraw; g hL 5.1.1 : Nfhapy; eldkhjh;fs; gw;wp mwpe;J nfhs;Nthk;.

NjtubahHfs;

NjtubahH vd;why; NjtDf;F mjhtJ - ,iwtDf;F nja;tj; njhz;L nra;Ak;

ngz; vdg; nghUs;gLk;> Njtjhrp vDk; gjk; Nfhapy; jpUg;gzpfSf;fhfj; jk;ik mHg;gzpj;j
ngz;fisf; Fwpf;Fk;. jQ;irg; nghpa Nfhapypy; 407 NjtubahH fiyg;gzp Ghpe;Js;sdH.
,tHfSf;F kd;dHfs; khdpaKk;> gl;lq;fSk; toq;fpAs;sdH.

gy;ytH fhyj;J Nfhapy; Kiwapy; ,j;Njtubahiu Vohfg; gFj;Js;sdH.

* jj;ij
* tpf;fpuPij
* g;U`pj;a
* gf;ij
* `hpjh
* myq;fhiu
* Uj;ufzpif

,e;j vOthpy; myq;fhiuAk;> Uj;ufzpifAk; Nfhapypy; ,ir> eldk; Nghd;wtw;iwr;

nra;thHfs;. VidNahH gpw gzpfshd myfply;> nkOFjy;> jPgk; Vw;wy;> g+ myq;fhuk;
nra;jy; vd;gitfisr; nra;jdH.

,tHfs; hp\gjspahH> NjtubahH> jspHNrhpg; ngz;Lfs;> $j;jpfs;> $j;jpaH>

Mlw;fzpifaH> muq;f$j;jpaH> mofd;khH> gjpapyhH> cUj;jpufzpifaH> khzpf;fj;jhH
vdg; gythW miof;fg;gl;ldH.

,e;jpahtpNy khepyj;jpw;F khepyk; Njtjhrpfspd; ngaHfs; NtWgl;L epytpaJ.

* Me;jpug;gpuNjrk; - khjq;fp> rhdp> tpyh\pdp

* fHehlfk; - #yp> rhdp> ghj;uh
* kfuh\;buh - gh\tp
* cj;jug; gpuNjrk; - ghypdp
* xhp\h - kfhp

21
Njh; r ; r p 5.0 : eldq;fspd; fyhrhu> gz;ghl;L tuyhw;Wg; gpd;dzpia
mwpe;J nfhs;thh;.

Njh;r;rp kl;lk; 5.2 : fpuhkpa eldq;fisg; gw;wp mwpe;J $Wthh;.

nraw; g hL 5.2.1 : fpuhkpa eldq;fspd; tiffis mwpe;J $WNthk;.

fpuhkpa eldj; j pd; tiffs;

,it %d;W gphpTfshfg; gphpf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

- kfpo;r;rpf;fhf Mlg;gLgit. Fk;kp> Nfhyhl;lk;> fufk;>

fhtb.

- Ntz;LjYf;fhf Mlg;gLgit.

- njhopy; rhh;e;J Mlg;ngWgit. mhpTntl;L> kPdt eldk;>

Njapiyf; nfhOe;J eldk;.

- njhopy; rhh; eldq;fs; - muptpntl;L> kPdt eldk;> Njapiyf;

nfhOe;J eldk;.

- njhopiyr; rpj;jphpj;J MLk; eldk; njhopy; rhh; eldk; MFk;.

- kfpo;r;rpf;fhf ,lk;ngWk; eldq;fs; - Fk;kp> Nfhyhl;lk;.

- nghOJ Nghf;fpw;fhf ,lk;ngWk;.

- Ntz;LjYf;Fhpa eldq;fs; - fhtb> fufk;.

- Neh;j;jpf;flDf;fhf ,lk;ngWk;.

22
Njh; r ; r p 3.0 : guj ehl;baj;jpw;Fhpa Muk;gg; gapw;rpfisAk;>
mlTfisAk;> mq;f Ngjq;fisAk; ehl;ba cUg;gbfisAk;
mgpeapj;Jf; fhl;Lthh;.

Njh;r;rp kl;lk; 3.2

3.2: mbg;gil mlTfs;> Nfhyg; gapw;rpfs; Kj;jpiug;
gpuNahfq;fis mgpeapj;Jf; fhl;Lthh;.

nraw; g hL 3.2.1 : “,ul;ilf; if Kj;jpiufis cr;rupg;Gg; gpioapd;wpf; $wp

mgpeapj;Jf; fhl;LNthk;”.

,ul; i lf; i f Kj; j piu

,U iffshy; mgpeapg;gJ ,ul;ilf;if Kj;jpiu vdg;gLk;.

01. mQ;ryp - tzf;fk;

02. fNghjk; - Gwh
03. fu;f;flfk; - ez;L
04. Rt];jpfk; - FWf;fpl;lJ
05. Nlhyk; - CQ;ry;
06. G\;gGlfk; - kyu;f;$il
07. cj;rq;fk; - mizT
08. rptypq;fk; - rptypq;fk;
09. flfhtu;j;jdk; - mu;r;rpj;jy;
10. fu;j;juPRt];jpfk; - FWf;Ff; fj;jupf;Nfhy;
11. rflk; - tz;b
12. rq;F - rq;F
13. rf;fuk; - rf;fuhAjk;
14. rk;Glk; - ngl;b
15. ghrk; - fapW
16. fPyfk; - gpizg;G
17. kj;rak; - kPd;
18. $u;kk; - Mik
19. tuhfk; - gd;wp
20. fUld; - fUlg; gwit
21. ehfge;jk; - ghk;gpd; fl;L
22. fl;th - fl;by;
23. NgUz;lk; - NgUz;lg; gwit
24. mtfpj;jk; - ge;J tpisahly;

23
 mG+u; t Kj; j piufs;

1. gpusk;gk; - tpdhTjy;

2. jpupypq;fk; - Crp Fj;Jjy;

3. fhq;$yNgjk; Kj;J

(rpypl;lfhq;$yk;) -

4. Fopgjhfk; -

5. mu;j;j#rp - ngupa GO

6. Cu;zehgk; - rpye;jpg;G+r;rp

7. tpahf;fpufk; - Gyp

8. gy;yp `];jk; -

9. ghz `];jk; - fyg;ig

10 lkUfk; - cLf;F

11. f[`];jk; - ahidapd; Jk;gpf;if -

24
Njh; r ; r p 4.0 : eldq;fs; njhlh;ghd mbg;gil mk;rq;fisAk;> vz;zf;
fUf;fisAk; tpsf;Fthh;.

Njh;r;rp kl;lk; 4.2 : guj ehl;baj;jpd; mlTfSf;Fhpa nrhw;fl;bidAk;> jhs

mq;ff; FwpaPl;bidAk; mwpe;J $Wthh;.

nraw; g hL 4.2.3 : “gujk;” vd;w gjj;jpd; mbg;gil mk;rq;fis mwpe;J

nfhs;Nthk;.

“ gujk; ”

• gujk;> ghuj Njrj;jpd; njd;dpe;jpa rh];jpupa eldkhFk;.

• gujk; ,Uf;F> aRu;> rhkk;> mju;tzk; Mfpa ehd;F Ntjq;fspYk; ,Ue;J

vLf;fg;gl;l Ie;jhtJ Ntjk;.

• gujk; vDk; gjk; gy E}w;whz;Lfshf toq;fg;gl;L te;jhYk;>

<.fpU\;za;au;> =kjp Uf;kzpNjtp mUz;Nly; MfpNahuhy; ,g;gjj;jpw;Fg;
Gjpa gupzhkk; nfhLj;J> guj ehl;baj;ij Nkk;gLj;jpg; gutyhf;f
toptFj;jdu;.

• “guj” vDk; gjk; ebfd; vd;gijf; Fwpf;Fk;.

• ghtk;> uhfk;> jhsk; vd;w %d;iwAk; ,yl;rzq;fshff; nfhz;Ls;sJ.

• gujKdptuhy; ,yf;fzk; tFf;fg;gl;lJ.

25
Njh; r ; r p 4.0 : eldq;fs; njhlh;ghd mbg;gil mk;rq;fisAk;> vz;zf;
fUf;fisAk; tpsf;Fthh;.

Njh;r;rp kl;lk; 4.3 : guj ehl;baj;jpw;Fupa mbg;gil vz;zf;fUf;fisAk;>

ehl;lltpw;Fhpa jhsj;jpidAk; mwpe;J $Wthu;.

nraw; g hL 4.3.4 : “ehl;ba ,yl;rzk;” gw;wpa tpsf;fj;ij mwpe;J nfhs;Nthk;;.

ehl; b a ,yl; r zk;

ehl;baj;ij moFgLj;Jk; mk;rq;fis eldj;jpd; ,yl;\zq;fs; vd;W $Wfpd;Nwhk;.

mitahtd :- 1. ghtk;

2. ,uhfk;

3. jhsk;

ghtk; : -

kdjpNy Njhd;Wk; czu;rr

; pfis Kfj;jpd; %yk; ntspg;gLj;Jjy; ghtk; vdg;gLk;.

,uhfk; : -

];tuf; Nfhu;itfshy; myq;fupf;fg;gl;L nrtpf;F ,dpikiaj; juf;$ba njhdp

,uhfkhFk;.

jhsk; : -

ghl;bd; fhyg;gpukhzj;ij mDrupj;Jf; iffspdhNyh md;Nwy; fUtpfspdhNyh

jl;Ljy; jhsk; vdg;gLk;.

26
Njh; r ; r p 5.0 : eldq;fspd; fyhrhug; gz;ghl;L> tuyhw;Wg;
gpd;dzpia mwpe;J nfhs;thh;.

Njh;r;rp kl;lk; 5.2 : fpuhkpa eldq;fisg; gw;wp mwpe;J $Wthh;.

nraw; g hL 5.2.2 : Fk;kp> Nfhyhl;lk; Mfpa fpuhkpa eldq;fisg; gw;wp mwpe;J

nfhs;Nthk;.

Fk;kp eldk;

ngz;fs; taJ NtWghbd;wpf; iffisf; nfhl;b MLk; eldk;. ,J fpuhkpa

eldq;fspy; kfpo;r;rpf;fhf Mlg;gLk; eldk; MFk;. ghl;bw;F Vw;g fhy;fspy;
mirTfisAk; mjw;F Vw;g ifnahypfisAk; vOg;gp MLtu;. jq;fs; iffisj;
jl;LtNjhL Njhopfspd; iffisAk; jl;Ltu;.

Fk;gp eldk; rlq;FfspYk; Nfhapy; tpohf;fspYk; Cu;tyq;fspYk; nghJ

epfo;TfspYk; Mlg;gl;L tUfpd;wJ. mk;kd; tpohf;fspy; Fk;kp eldj;Jld; gj;J
ehl;fSk; nfhz;lhLtu;. ,jw;F ‘Kisg;ghup’ vd;W ngau;.

,jpy; ifj; jl;L> tpuy; jl;L> mQ;rypj; jl;L vdg; gytifahf MLtu;.
,jd; ghly;fs; vspikahd nkhop eilapYk; ,iraikg;gpYk; mike;jpUf;Fk;.
,jw;F Mu;Nkhdpak;> Nlhy;fp Nghd;w thj;jpaq;fis ,irg;gu;. ,jw;F KOg;ghthil
rl;il> ghthilj; jhtzp> Nriy Nghd;w cilfs; mzpag;gLk;. gy;NtW Nfhyq;fspy;
MLtu;.

Fk;kpg; ghly;

jhd jd;dd;d jd;dhNd jd jhd jd;dd;d jd;dhNd

nfhj;J epiwa Kj;jpUf;F

Nfhapy; taYk; ntspr;rpUf;F

rpj;jpiuf; fQ;rpf;Fg; gbasf;f

rpq;fhug; ngz;Nz Fk;kpab

ngj;Jg; ngUfplf; Fk;kpab – xU

nghy;yhg;G kpy;iyf; Fk;kpab

Fj;Jg; gilf;ff; Fk;kpab

Fq;Fkg; ngz;Nz Fk;kpab.

27
 Nfhyhl; l k;
Mz;> ngz; Mfpa ,UghyhuhYk; rpwpa Nfhy;fisj; jl;b xypnaOg;gp MLk;
eldk; Nfhyhl;lk; vdg;gLk;. ,J fpuhkpa eldq;fSs; kfpo;rr
; pf;Fupa eldq;fspy; xd;whFk;.

Nfhy;fisj; jhNk Nkhjpr; rj;j Kz;lhf;fp MLjy; ruit vdTk;> jkJ Nfhy;fis
kw;wtu; Nfhy;fSld; Nkhjr; nra;J MLjy; vjpu;r;ruit vdTk;> gf;fthl;by; NkhJjy;
gf;fr; ruit vdTk;> iffis cau;j;jp NkhJjy; Nkw; ruit vd;Wk; $wg;gLfpwJ. ,J
tpohf;fspd;NghJk; Nkilepfo;Tfspd;NghJk; Cu;tyq;fspd;NghJk; Mlg;gLk;. Nfhyhl;lq;fspy;
gpd;dy; Nfhyhl;lk;> tre;jd; Nfhyhl;lk; vd;gtw;iwAk; Fwpg;gplyhk;. ghly;fs; vspikahd
nkhopeilapYk; ,iraikg;gpYk; mikf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;. Mu;Nkhdpak;> Nlhy;fp Nghd;w
thj;jpaq;fs; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. gy;NtW Nfhyq;fspy; MLtu;.

28
Njh; r ; r p 5.0 : eldq;fspd; fyhrhug; gz;ghl;L tuyhw;Wg; gpd;dzpia
mwpe;J $Wthh;.

Njh;r;rp kl;lk; 5.4 : ,yq;ifapd; ,e;Jrka tpohf;fspd; gpd;dzpia mwpe;J

$Wthh;.

nraw; g hL 5.4.1 : gd;dpU khjq;fspYk; ,lk;ngWk; ,e;Jrka tpohf;fs; gw;wp

mwpe;J nfhs;Nthk;.

gd; d pU khjq; f Sf; F upa ,e; J rka tpohf; f s;

ijkhjk; :- ijg;nghq;fy;> ijg;G+rk;> GJtUlg;gpwg;G

khrp khjk; :- rptuhj;jpup> khrpkfk;

gq;Fdp khjk; :- gq;Fdp cj;juk;.

rpj;jpiu khjk; :- tUlg;gpwg;G> rpj;jpiug; ngsu;zkp>

itfhrp khjk; :- tprhfk;.

Mdp khjk; :- cj;juk;.

Mb khjk; :- Mb mkhthir> Mbg;gpwg;G.

Mtzp khjk; :- tpehaf rJu;j;jp.

Gul;lhjp khjk; :- etuhj;jpup.

Ig;grp khjk; :- jPghtsp> fe;jr\;b.

fhu;j;jpif khjk; :- jpUf;fhu;j;jpif.

khu;fop khjk; :- jpUntk;ghit> jpUg;ghit.

29
Njh; r ; r p 5.0 : eldq;fspd; fyhrhug; gz;ghl;L tuyhw;Wg; gpd;dzpia
mwpe;J $Wthh;.

Njh;r;rp kl;lk; 5.4 : ,yq;ifapd; rka tpohf;fspd; gpd;dzpia mwpe;J $Wthh;.

nraw; g hL 5.4.2 : rpq;fs kf;fspd; ghuk;gupa rka tpohf;fspy; xd;whd

vry ngu`uhtpd; mbg;gil mk;rq;fis mwpe;J
nfhs;Nthk;.

vry ngu`uh

• fz;b jyjh khspifapy; eilngWk;.

• ,g; ngu`uh 90 ehl;fs; njhlu;e;J eilngWk;.

• ngUk; vz;zpf;ifahfg; Gj;j FUkhu;fSk;> kf;fSk; fye;Jnfhs;thu;fs;.

• myq;fupf;fg;gl;l ahidapy; Gj;jupd; Gdpj gy;iy cs;slf;fpa Ngio

Cu;tykhf tUk;. ud;rptpN[ vdTk; kq;fs tp`h];jp vdTk;
miof;fg;gLk;.

• Kjy; 5 ,uTfSk; Fg;gy; ngu`uh eilngWk;.

• mLj;j 5 ,uTfSk; uq;Nfhyp ngu`uh eilngWk;.

• mLj;j ehs; gfy; jty; ngu`uh eilngWk;.

• ngu`uh Cu;tyk; Mb my;yJ Mtzp khjj;jpy; epyitg; nghWj;J

,utpy; ,lk;ngWk;. (epfpdp Nghah)

• ngu`uhtpd; NghJ jPg;ge;jk; Vw;WgtUk; neUg;G rf;fuj;Jld; MLgtUk;

nt]; eldk;> ge;NjU eldk;> clf;fp eldk;> ieahz;b eldk;>
tz;zq;fs;> tbfg;gl;b eldk;> nrhf;fup> Nfhy eldk;> Nfhyhl;lk;> Fk;gp>
nrk;G> ngha;f;fhy; eldk;> RsF eldk;> cyf;if eldk; vd;gd
,lk;ngWk;.

30