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المساحة التصويرية باستخدام الطائرات دون طيار Drone Photogrammetry
المساحة التصويرية باستخدام الطائرات دون طيار Drone Photogrammetry
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1000 Corporation
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4 POF. DR OMAR AL KHALIL
الفصل األول :مقدّمة إلى نظم الطائرات دون طيّار
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Raven B
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[1] http://news.psu.edu/story/300122/2014/01/14/research/programming-drones-fly-birds?
utm_source=newswire&utm_medium=email&utm_term=300215&utm_content=
01-14-2014-14-59&utm_campaign=engineering%20newswire
https://www.e-education.psu.edu/geog892/print/book/export/html/3 10/10
[2] http://www.airspacemag.com/flight-today/drones-for-hire-125909361/
[3] http://www.airspacemag.com/flight-today/robot-reporters-125191633/
[4]https://www.e-education.psu.edu/geog892/sites/www.e-education.psu.edu.geog892/files/Free-
Report-6-Predictions-for-2016.pdf
[5] https://www.e-education.psu.edu/geog892/sites/www.e-
education.psu.edu.geog892/files/Collier_Crouch_thesis_a435680.pdf
[6]https://www.e-education.psu.edu/geog892/sites/www.e-
education.psu.edu.geog892/files/images/lesson01/remotesensing-04-01671.pdf
[7] https://psu.instructure.com/files/129052263/download?download_frd=1
[8] http://news.psu.edu/story/300122/2014/01/14/research/programming-drones-fly-birds?
utm_source=newswire&utm_medium=email&utm_term=300215&utm_content=
01-14-2014-14-59&utm_campaign=engineering newswire
[9] https://home.army.mil/rucker/index.php
[10] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayraktar_Mini_UAV#Specifications
[11] http://olive-drab.com/idphoto/id_photos_uav_rq7.php
[12] http://american-aerospace.net/
[13] http://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/imagegallery/image_feature_2362.html
[14] https://www.e-education.psu.edu/geog892/node/5.
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الشكل ( . (2-2عناصر نظام رابط البيانات لعمل أنظمة الطائرات دون طيار
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الشكل ( . (9-2المستشعر FLIR VUE PROتحت األحمر الحراري للطائرات دون طيّار الصغيرة.
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[1] https://psu.instructure.com/files/133628120/download?download_frd=1
[2]https://www.e-education.psu.edu/geog892/sites/www.e-
education.psu.edu.geog892/files/US%20Army%20UAS%20RoadMap%202010%202035-1.pdf
[3]https://www.e-education.psu.edu/geog892/sites/www.e-
education.psu.edu.geog892/files/9548_MS_RemoteSensing.pdf
[4]https://www.e-education.psu.edu/geog892/sites/www.e-
education.psu.edu.geog892/files/Human_Factor_Implications_200608.pdf
[5]http://www.e-education.psu.edu/geog892/sites/www.e-
education.psu.edu.geog892/files/images/lesson01/20-717_SWOT-analysis.pdf
[6]https://www.e-education.psu.edu/geog892/sites/www.e-
education.psu.edu.geog892/files/B4842_16MP_CCDCamera_Specs.pdf
[7]https://www.e-education.psu.edu/geog892/sites/www.e-
education.psu.edu.geog892/files/IXA180_IXA160.pdf
[8]https://geospatial.phaseone.com/drone-payload/p3-payload-for-
drones/?utm_source=referral&utm_medium=eblast&utm_campaign=GEO-2021-05-
05-Geoconnectioneblast-
P3_payload_for_drones&utm_content=CTA
[9] https://geospatial.phaseone.com/drone-payload/
[10] http://imperx.com/
[11] http://industrial.phaseone.com/
[12]https://www.e-education.psu.edu/geog892/sites/www.e-
education.psu.edu.geog892/files/PH_Geospatial_Overview_Deck_v5.pdf
[13]https://www.parrot.com/business-solutions-us/parrot-professional/parrot-sequoia#parrot-
sequoia-
[14] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum
[15]https://www.e-education.psu.edu/geog892/sites/www.e-education.psu.edu.geog892/files/flir-
a6700sc-mwir-series-infrared-camera-datasheet.pdf
[16] https://www.flir.com/
[17] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LIDAR
[18]https://www.e-education.psu.edu/geog892/sites/www.e-
education.psu.edu.geog892/files/DataSheet_VUX-1_14-02-2014_PRELIMINARY_4pages.pdf
[19] https://youtu.be/YaGw-dzo9Mc
[20] http://www.riegl.com/nc/
[21] http://velodynelidar.com/
[22] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Positioning_System
[23] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inertial_Measurement_Unit
[24]https://www.e-education.psu.edu/geog892/sites/www.e-education.psu.edu.geog892/files/IG-
500E-Leaflet-1.pdf
[25] http://www.sbg-systems.com/
CCD
’d ’c
لوح سالب
’o
’a ’b
محطة التقاط الصورة L
’+y
لوح موجب d c
o
a ’+x
b
المحور البصري
D
C
P
A
B
𝑏𝑎
𝐵𝐴
ab f
=S ' =
AB H
h
f
=S
H −h
f
S avg =
H − havg
f 152.4 mm 0.1524 m 1
S max = = = =
H − h1 (3000 − 610) m 2390 m 15700
f 152.4 mm 0.1524 m 1
S min = = = =
H − h2 (3000 − 310) m 2690 m 17700
h1 + h2 610 + 310
havg = = = 460 m
2 2
f 152.4 mm 0.1524 m 1
S avg = = = =
H − havg (3000 − 460) m 2540 m 16700
0.01 1
=𝑆 =
300 30000
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B
G
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W
W
G تداخل عرضي
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0.001 1
=𝑆 =
1 𝑓𝑡 𝑥 304.8 304800
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37 PROF. DR OMAR ALKHALIL
الفصل الثالث :تخطيط إلى نظم الطائرات دون طيّار
𝑓 𝑏𝑎
= 𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑆 =
𝐵𝐴 𝐻
𝐷𝑆𝐺 × 𝑓
=𝐻
𝑏𝑎
𝑚 50 𝑚𝑚 × 0.3
=𝐻 𝑚 = 1500
𝑚𝑚 0.010
𝐵
=𝑡
𝑣
𝑡𝑓 1000
=𝑡
𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑘 150
𝑡𝑓 1000
=
𝑟𝑢𝑜150 𝑘𝑛𝑜𝑡𝑠. 1.15 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑒/ℎ
𝑡𝑓 1000
=
𝑟𝑢𝑜172.5𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑒/ℎ
𝑡𝑓 1000
=
𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑚172.5 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑒/ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟 × 5280 𝑓𝑡/
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= 3 x 84
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𝑡𝑓 𝑓 × 𝐺𝑆𝐷 100 × 1
=𝐻 = 𝑡𝑓 = 10000
𝑏𝑎 𝑚𝑚 0.010
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𝑡𝑓 2800 𝑡𝑓 2800 𝑡𝑓 2800
= )𝑡( 𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑇 = =
𝑟𝑢𝑜150 𝑘𝑛𝑜𝑡𝑠 150 𝑘𝑛𝑜𝑡𝑠. 1.15 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑠/ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟 172.5 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑠/ℎ
𝑡𝑓 2800
= 𝑐𝑒𝑠 = 0.0030742 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠 = 11.067
𝑠𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑚
172.5 𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑚. 5.28 𝑓𝑡/
𝑟𝑢𝑜ℎ
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[1]https://www.e-education.psu.edu/geog892/sites/www.e-
education.psu.edu.geog892/files/images/lesson06/Camera_Calibration-yastikli_naci.pdf
[2]https://www.e-education.psu.edu/geog892/sites/www.e-
education.psu.edu.geog892/files/images/lesson06/Camera_Calibration_91.pdf
[3] https://store.usgs.gov/maps
[4]https://www.e-education.psu.edu/geog892/sites/www.e-
education.psu.edu.geog892/files/images/lesson06/PA_State%20College_223993_1962_24000_g
eo.pdf
[5]https://www.e-education.psu.edu/geog892/sites/www.e-
education.psu.edu.geog892/files/images/Lesson04/Aeronautical_Chart.pdf
[6] http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6ITjUfl80bs
[7] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_flight_rules
[8] http://www.faa.gov/air_traffic/flight_info/aeronav/digital_products/vfr/#SecPDFs
[9] https://www.faa.gov/air_traffic/flight_info/aeronav/productcatalog/VFRCharts/
[10] https://app.airmap.com/geo?34.017931,-118.496046,9.417193z
[11]https://faa.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=9c2e4406710048e19806ebf6
a06754ad
[12] https://www.faa.gov/uas/recreational_fliers/where_can_i_fly/b4ufly/
[13] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_camera
[14] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CCD_camera
[15]https://wingtra.com/best-drones-for-photogrammetry-wingtraone-comparison/phantom-4-
rtk-vs-wingtra/
[16] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dNVtMmLlnoE&feature=youtu.be
[17] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shutter_%28photography%29
[18] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waypoint
[19] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inertial_Measurement_Unit
[20] https://psu.instructure.com/files/102041812/download?download_frd=1
[21]https://www.e-education.psu.edu/geog892/sites/www.e-
education.psu.edu.geog892/files/GEOG892_Pix4D_Excercise2.pdf
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UAV
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∑(𝑍 − 𝑍𝑖 )2
√ = 𝐸𝑆𝑀𝑅
𝑛
االنحراف
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ASPRS
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1
= )𝑇𝐴( 𝑥𝐸𝑆𝑀𝑅 )𝑝𝑎𝑚( 𝑥𝐸𝑆𝑀𝑅
2
1
= )𝑇𝐴( 𝑦𝐸𝑆𝑀𝑅 )𝑝𝑎𝑚( 𝑦𝐸𝑆𝑀𝑅
2
ASPRs
جدول ( .)6-4العدد الموصى به لنقاط الفحص المطلوبة للتحقق من دقة المنتج وفقًا لمعايير ASPRS
[1] https://www.e-education.psu.edu/geog892/sites/www.e-
education.psu.edu.geog892/files/5-things-to-consider-when-adopting-drones-for-
your-business.pdf
[2] https://www.e-education.psu.edu/geog892/sites/www.e-
education.psu.edu.geog892/files/AerialServices_UASGuide_Small.pdf
[3] https://www.e-education.psu.edu/geog892/sites/www.e-
education.psu.edu.geog892/files/images/lesson09/GIM%20International.pdf
[4] https://www.e-education.psu.edu/geog892/sites/www.e-
education.psu.edu.geog892/files/UAS-Suppliers.pdf
[5]https://mags.shephardmedia.com/HB-samples-
2017/Commercial_Unmanned_Systems_Handbook_Sample_2017/pubData/mobile/in
dex.htm#/1/
[6] https://industrial.phaseone.com/Aerial_Cameras.aspx
[7] https://www.imperx.com/ccd-cameras/
[8] https://www.nikonusa.com/en/Nikon-Products/dslr-cameras/index.page
[9] https://micasense.com/dual-camera-system/
[10] https://www.parrot.com/uk/shop/accessories-spare-parts/other-drones/sequoia
[11] https://www.agisoft.com/
[12] https://www.pix4d.com/#products
[13] http://www.menci.com/
[14] https://www.simactive.com/correlator3d-mapping-software-features
[15]https://www.geospatial.trimble.com/products-and-solutions/trimble-inpho-
uasmaster?
gclid=Cj0KCQiAu62QBhC7ARIsALXijXRQifB6ey8Ds3y6jWhROSjxYhXAqI9Swg
4kDxDDrfvTc6OY3VC3eLMaAltuEALw_wcB
[16] https://www.ngs.noaa.gov/corbin/class_description/Precision_Accuracy/
[17]http://www.asprs.org/PAD-Division/ASPRS-POSITIONAL-ACCURACY-
STANDARDS-FOR-DIGITAL-GEOSPATIAL-DATA.html
[18]http://www.asprs.org/wp-
content/uploads/2015/01/ASPRS_Positional_Accuracy_Standards_Edition1_Version
100_November2014.pdf