Pump System

Tecnológico de Monterrey

Thermofluids Laboratory

Dr. Juan Carlos Prince Avelino

Angel Iván Sotelo Banda A01731239, Fernando González Navarro A01730002, Santiago Rojo López A01733769,
Fabian Reyes Cruz A0173058

Abstract— The objective of the practice is to know how to 𝐿1 𝑣1

2
𝐿2
2
𝑣2
calculate flow losses thought pumps. To obtain the value of flow
losses, was measured the diameter of the pipes, the mass flux and
𝑓1 𝐷1 2𝑔
= 𝑓2 𝐷2 2𝑔
the pressure in different points. The Equipment HM 284 helps us to
understand the flow losses phenomena.
Then the ratio of the average velocities and the flow
I. INTRODUCTION
rates in the two parallel pipes become:

Piping systems typically involve several pipes connected

𝑉1 𝑓 𝐿2 𝐷1 1/2
to each other in series and/or in parallel. When the pipes are = ( 𝑓2 )
𝑉2 1
𝐿1 𝐷2
connected in series, the flow rate through the entire system
remains constant regardless of the diameters of the
individual pipes in the system. This is a natural consequence
Therefore, the relative flow rates in parallel pipes are
of the conservation of mass principle for steady
established from the requirement that the head loss in each
incompressible flow. The total head loss in this case is equal
pipe be the same. This result can be extended to any number
to the sum of the head losses in individual pipes in the
of pipes connected in parallel. The result is also valid for
system, including the minor losses. The expansion or
pipes for which the minor losses are significant if the
contraction losses at connections are considered to belong to
equivalent lengths for components that contribute to minor
the smaller-diameter pipe since the expansion and
losses are added to the pipe length [1]
contraction loss coefficients are defined on the basis of the
average velocity in the smaller-diameter pipe.
For a pipe that branches out into two (or more) parallel
pipes and then rejoins at a junction downstream, the total
flow rate is the sum of the flow rates in the individual pipes.
The pressure drop (or head loss) in each individual pipe
connected in parallel must be the same since ∆𝑃 = 𝑃𝑎 − 𝑃𝑏
and the junction pressures 𝑃𝑎 y 𝑃𝑏are the same for all
individual pipes. For a system of two parallel pipes 1 and 2
between junctions A and B with negligible minor losses, this Figure 1. Pipes in parallel
is expressed as:

II. EXPERIMENTAL METHOD

ℎ𝐿,1 = ℎ𝐿,2
For this practice we used a first a series pumps system and
after a parallel pump system in the HM 284, this equipment
series facilitates the investigacion or a wide range of
hydraulic engines.
All demonstration units in the range are equipped with
electronic sensors for PC data acquisition.
8.-The signal processing electronics for the sensors are
ins splash protected housings (12) on the base plate. The
connection to the interface module is made using 5.pole DIN
connectors

Figure 2 Experimental module Layout Figure 4 Display diagram

In parallel connection, the two delivery flows are added

together. For a pipe system characteristic curve with low
resistance, the delivery quantity can thus almost double
compared to a single pump

Figure 3 Experimental module Layout

The experimental module contains the centrifugal pumps

to be investigated, the pipe work, the supply tank and the
sensors. All components are mounted on a stable base plate.

Water circuit:
1.- transparent supply tank (T1) with 16 litre content(1)
and waste valve V6 (14)
2.- Suction pipe with inlet butterfly valve V1, V2(2) and
Figure 5 Delivery characteristics
suction pressure sensor P1(4)
3.-Centrifugal pumps 1 and 2 (5) with single-phase A.C.
motor
4.-Pressure pipe (13) with outlet pressure sensors P2, P3
(6), outlet butterfly valve V5 (7) and flow measuring
diaphragm F1 (8) with differential pressure sensor (9)
5.-Connecting conduit (3) with stop valve V3 for series
connection of pumps.
6.- Two speed regulators allow speed control of the
pump motors via a potentiometer (10)
7.- Inductive proximity switches (11) record speed n1, n2
of the impeller.
 Caudal para bombas en serie
III. RESULTS

Caudal para bombas en paralelo 3

𝑙 −4 𝑚
𝑄 = 19. 6 𝑚𝑖𝑛
= 3. 26 × 10 𝑠

3
𝑙 −4 𝑚
𝑄 = 57 = 9. 5 × 10
𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑠 Datos del sistema en paralelo
𝑃𝑜𝑡𝑝 = 916 𝑊
Datos del sistema en paralelo
𝐷 = 0. 026 𝑚
𝑃𝑜𝑡𝑝 = 491 𝑊
2
6 𝑚
𝐷 = 0. 026 𝑚 γ = 1 × 10 𝑠

6 𝑚
2 𝑚
γ = 1 × 10 𝑔 = 9. 81 2
𝑠 𝑠

𝑚 𝑘𝑔
𝑔 = 9. 81 2
ρ = 998 3
𝑠 𝑚

ρ = 998
𝑘𝑔 𝑒 = 0 𝑚𝑚
3
𝑚
𝐿 = 1. 3 𝑚
𝑒 = 0 𝑚𝑚

𝐿 = 1. 3 𝑚 Velocidad partiendo del caudal en paralelo

3
−4 𝑚
Velocidad partiendo del caudal en paralelo 𝑄𝑝 3.26×10 𝑠 𝑚
𝑉𝑝 = 𝐴
= 0.026 2
= 0. 614 𝑠
π× 2
3
−4 𝑚
𝑄𝑝 9.5×10 𝑠 𝑚
𝑉𝑝 = 𝐴
= 0.026 2
= 1. 7883 𝑠
π× 2
Número de Reynolds en paralelo

𝑚
𝑉𝑃×𝐷
Número de Reynolds en paralelo 𝑅𝑒𝑃 = =
0.614 𝑠
× 0.026 𝑚
= 1. 5964 × 10
−8
2
γ 6 𝑚
1×10 𝑠
𝑚
𝑉𝑃×𝐷 1.7883 𝑠
× 0.026 𝑚 −8
𝑅𝑒𝑃 = γ
= 6 𝑚
2 = 4. 6522 × 10
1×10 𝑠
Cálculo de f por Swamme Jain

Cálculo de f por Swamme Jain

1.325
𝑓𝑠𝑤𝑃 = 2 = 0. 0041

𝑓𝑠𝑤𝑃 =
1.325
= 0. 0046
((
𝑙𝑛
𝑒
3.7×𝐷
+
5.74
𝑅𝑒𝑃
0.9
))
2

((
𝑙𝑛
𝑒
3.7×𝐷
+
5.74
𝑅𝑒𝑃
0.9
)) Integramos nuestra ecuación de pérdidas

( )
2
𝑉𝑃
Integramos nuestra ecuación de pérdidas ℎ𝐿𝑃 = 2×𝑔 (
× 𝑓𝑠𝑤𝑃 ×
𝐿
𝐷
+ Σ𝐾 )
Σ𝐾 = 𝐾 𝑒 + 7𝐾 𝐶𝑜𝑑 + 𝐾𝐸

( )
2
𝑉𝑃
ℎ𝐿𝑃 = 2×𝑔
× 𝑓𝑠𝑤𝑃 ×( 𝐿
𝐷
+ Σ𝐾 ) ℎ𝐿𝑃 = 0. 253 𝑚

Σ𝐾 = 𝐾 𝑒 + 6𝐾 𝐶𝑜𝑑 + 𝐾𝐸

ℎ𝐿𝑃 = 0. 634 𝑚
Para este tipo de sistemas en los cuales hay que compensar
esa pérdida que existe en todos los sistemas como pérdidas
principales y pérdidas secundarías, y es común ver bombas
ya sea en paralelo o en serie, de acuerdo a cada necesidad,
sin embargo, también dentro de las bombas hay diferentes
tipos que pueden ayudar, mientras que para está práctica se
utilizó una bomba centrífuga, en la cual, el centro del motor
es el que transmite la potencia, sin embargo existen bombas
como de membrana, de engranes o de paletas, lo cual este
último es muy eficiente, sin embargo es bastante probable
que se tape de forma constante, ya que entre el empaque del
motor y las paletas hay muy poco espacio y suciedad como
piedras o alguna pelusa podrían ocasionar un estancamiento
evitando que funcione de forma adecuada.
IV. CONCLUSION

En conclusión, hay diversas formas de afrontar el suministro

de potencia para contrarrestar las pérdidas, ya sean
principales o secundarías, sin embargo, el mayor análisis y
donde más se debe de tener en consideración el arreglo en
caso de necesitar dos bombas, ya sea en paralelo o en serie.
En serie lo que vamos a obtener es una mayor presión y lo
cual nos ayudaría bastante si es que tenemos pérdidas
bastante considerables, sin embargo; cuando ponemos las
bombas en paralelo lo que vamos a obtener es 4 veces el
caudal en comparación de en serie, y esto se ve
fundamentado en la ecuación de Darcy Weisbach.

V. REFERENCES
[1] Y. A. Cengel, "Internal flow”, Fundamental of
thermal-fluid sciences, 3th edition, pp. 540-546 ,
2008