Starter

Grammar reference

be: affirmative and negative Possessive ’s and s’

Affirmative Negative • apostrophe + s (’s) after a noun indicates possession
my brother’s pencil
I’m (am) from Mexico. I’m not (am not) from Brazil.
You’re (are) French. You aren’t (are not) Chinese. • we use ’s after singular nouns or plural nouns not
ending in -s
He/She/It’s (is) 15. He/She/It isn’t (is not) 14.
We/You/They’re (are) We/You/They aren’t (are not)
my uncle’s house the children’s books
at school. in the classroom. • we use an apostrophe (’) after plural nouns or names
ending in -s
• we use be to say a name, nationality, age, etc. or to my friends’ books James’ bike
describe people and objects
• we usually use contracted forms in conversation and have got
informal writing
• we use not to form the negative Affirmative Negative
I/You’ve (have) got I/You haven’t (have not)
be: Yes/No questions a brother. got a sister.
He/She/It’s (has) got He/She/It hasn’t (has not)
Questions Short answers long hair. got short hair.
Am I in this class? Yes, you are. No, you aren’t. We/You/They’ve (have) We/You/They haven’t
got a dog. (have not) got a cat.
Are you from Japan? Yes, I am. No, I’m not.
Is he/she/it new? Yes, she/he/it is. No, she/he/it isn’t. • we use have got for appearance and possession
Are we/you/they ten Yes, we/you/they are.
years old? No, we/you/they aren’t.
• we use have got with I, you, we and they and has got
with he, she and it

• the word order is different in questions. We use am, Questions Short answers

are or is before the subject (I/you/he, etc.)
Have I/you got a Yes, I/you have.
She is the teacher. Is she the teacher? big family? No, I/you haven’t.
Has he/she/it got Yes, he/she/it has.
be: Wh- questions curly hair? No, he/she/it hasn’t.
• we use: Have we/you/they got
brown eyes?
Yes, we/you/they have.
No, we/you/they haven’t.
• what to ask about things What’s this?
• where to ask about places Where’s he from? • the word order in questions is different

• when to ask about time When’s your birthday? • we don’t use got in short answers

• who for people Who’s your best friend?

can for ability
• why for reasons Why are you tired?
• how old for age How old are your friends? Affirmative Negative

• the question word comes before the verb in

I/You can sing.
He/She/It can draw.
I/You can’t cook.
He/She/It can’t swim.
Wh- questions
We/You/They can spell. We/You/They can’t dance.
Possessive adjectives
• we use can to talk about abilities
Subject pronouns
I you he/she/it we you they
• we use the same form of can for all subject pronouns

Possessive adjectives
• after can we use the infinitive of the verb without to

my your his/her/its our your their • the negative form of can is can’t
• the word order in questions is different
Can you play the guitar? Yes, I can.

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 Grammar practice Starter

be have got
1 Complete the sentences with the correct 5 Correct the sentences using the words
form of be. in brackets.
1 The Japanese flag is red and white. It 1 I’ve got two brothers. (two sisters)
isn’t (not) blue and white. I haven’t got two brothers. I’ve got two sisters.
2 My best friend from France. He 2 My mum has got blonde hair. (brown hair)
(not) from Spain.

3 My friends happy because it
3 You’ve got three cousins. (four cousins)
Friday.

4 I (not) 15; I
14 years old. 4 Our English teacher has got a beard. (a moustache)
5 My mum’s birthday (not) on 
12th July. It on 21st July. 5 My cousins live in a big house. (small house)
6 My favourite football player (not) 
Marcus Rashford. It Harry Kane.
6 Write a complete yes/no question. Then write
2 Complete the questions with the the short answer.
question words in the box. 1 your sister / long hair ? (–)

How  What When Why Where Who
Has your sister got long hair?
No, she hasn’t.
a What colour is the Japanese flag? 2 you / my pencil ? (–)
b is your favourite football player? 
c old are you? 
d is your best friend from? 3 your classroom / a clock ? (+)
e are your friends happy? 
f is your mum’s birthday? 
4 your friends / bikes ? (+)
3 Match the questions in exercise 2 with the 
answers in exercise 1.

a 1 b c d e f
5 we / a lot of homework today ? (–)

Possessive ’s and s’ 
4 Correct the mistakes in the sentences using ’s
or s’. can for ability
1 My cousin name is Hannah.
My cousin’s name is Hannah.
7 Write sentences with the affirmative, negative
or question form of can.
2 Lena eyes are green.
1 my friends / swim (+)

My friends can swim.
3 My parents car is Italian.
2 I / dance (–)


4 Luis sister is 18 years old.
3 my dad / speak German (+)


5 My best friends names are Sam and Alex.
4 you / play the piano (?)


5 your parents / sing (?)


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1 Grammar reference

Present simple: affirmative Spelling rules for he/she/it

and negative to form the third person singular:

Affirmative • add -s to most verbs

I/you finish school. clean  cleans
He/She/It goes to sleep. • add -es to verbs that end in -s, -sh, -ss, -ch, -x
We/You/They get dressed. brush  brushes, watch  watches, fix  fixes

• we use the present simple to talk about routines

• add -es to do and go
and habits do  does, go  goes
I wake up at seven o’clock every morning. • for verbs that end in consonant + y, omit the -y and

• we use it to talk about timetables

add -ies
tidy  tidies
My first class starts at 8:45 am.
• we also use it to talk about facts
• for verbs that end vowel + y, keep the -y and add -s
play  plays
Some animals sleep during the day.
• with he/she/it the verb ends in -s, -es or -ies (see
• some verbs are irregular
Spelling rules) be  is, have  has

Negative Object pronouns
I/you don’t (do not) start school.
He/She/It doesn’t (does not) have a break.
Subject pronoun Object pronoun
I me
We/You/They don’t (do not) wake up.
you you
• we use don’t or doesn’t before the main verb to form he him
the negative she her
• don’t is the contracted form of do not it it

• doesn’t is the contracted form of does not we us

• we usually use contracted forms in conversation and

you
they
you
them
informal writing

I do my homework after school. Do you do it

Present simple: Yes/No after school?
questions We have got some maths homework. Can you help us?

Questions Short answers
Do I/you ride your bike Yes, I/you do.
to school? No, I/you don’t.
Does he/she/it go Yes, he/she/it does.
to school? No, he/she/it doesn’t.
Do we/you/they Yes, we/you/they do.
do sports? No, we/you/they don’t.

• we use do or does before the subject (I/you/he etc.).

The main verb doesn’t change form.
She makes her bed in the morning.
Does she make her bed in the morning?

• we don’t repeat the main verb in short answers

Do you tidy your room?
Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.

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 Grammar practice 1

Present simple: affirmative Yes/No questions and

1 Choose the correct words to complete short answers
the sentences. 5 Write complete Yes/No questions.
1 You clean/cleans your teeth every morning. 1 you / get dressed / on Sunday morning ?
2 Alex make/makes his bed every morning. Do you get dressed on Sunday morning?
3 We get/gets changed for PE after lunch. 2 your school / start / at 8 o’clock ?
4 Our dog go/goes to sleep in the evening. 
5 My parents watch/watches TV after dinner. 3 your dad / go to work / by car ?
6 I walk/walks to school with my friends. 
7 My sister pack/packs her bag at night. 4 your friends / read books / in the evening ?
2 Write the verbs in the third person singular. 
Be careful with the spelling! 5 you / tidy the classroom / every day ?
1 do does 
2 play 6 you and your family / have dinner / together ?
3 finish 
4 have
6 Write short answers for the questions in
5 study exercise 5.
6 be 1 Yes, I do.
3 Complete the sentences with the verbs in 2 No, .
exercise 2. 3 Yes, .
1 My school starts at 8 o’clock. 4 No, .
2 My brother karate on Wednesdays. 5 Yes, .
3 My mum got two brothers. 6 No, .
4 Our PE teacher football for a
local team. Object pronouns
5 My best friend a lot for exams.
7 Complete the sentences with the words
6 Our chemistry teacher very good.
in the box.

Present simple: negative her him it me them us you

4 Rewrite the sentences in the negative form. 1 I have my breakfast at home. I don’t have
1 I have a shower every morning. it  at school.
I don’t have a shower every morning. 2 I clean my teeth every morning. I also clean
at night.
2 My dad gets up at 6 o’clock.
3 Where are you? I can’t see .

4 I haven’t got a rubber. Can you give
3 My friends go to bed at 10:30 pm.
 one?

5 Your brother is in bed. Don’t wake
4 Mrs Maguire teaches English and French.  up!
 6 It’s my mum’s birthday but I don’t know what to
5 I play sports in the park on Saturday morning. buy .
 7 We’ve got a lot of difficult homework. Can you
6 We have lessons in the afternoon. help ?


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2 Grammar reference

Adverbs of frequency Present simple: Wh- questions

more frequent be
always How old are you? I’m 13 years old.
Where is your brother? He’s at home.
usually When is our maths class? It’s after lunch.

• the form is: question word + be + subject

often Why are you late?

sometimes have got
What have you got in I’ve got my school things.
your bag?
hardly ever
How many brothers and She’s got two brothers and
sisters has she got? a sister.
never When have we got PE? We’ve got it at 11 o’clock.
less frequent
• the form is: question word + have/has + subject + got
• we use adverbs of frequency to say how often we How many pets has she got?
do things
• with most verbs, the adverb comes before the verb Other verbs
Where do you play I play it at school.
We usually play football in the park after school.
basketball?
• with the verb be, the adverb comes after the verb How does your dad go He walks to work.
I’m often tired on Monday morning. to work?
When do your friends They watch TV after dinner.
Likes and dislikes watch TV?

• the form is: question word + do/does +

subject + infinitive
Where do they play basketball?
love like don’t don’t hate
mind like

… + verb -ing … + noun

I love listening to music. I love music.
You like playing You like video games.
video games.
She doesn’t mind She doesn’t mind football.
playing football.
We don’t like going to We don’t like the gym.
the gym.
They hate using They hate social media.
social media.

• we use the -ing form of the verb after love, like, don’t
mind, don’t like and hate
My friends love playing chess.
They don’t like playing hockey.
• we can also use love, like, don’t mind, don’t like and
hate with nouns
My friends love chess.
They don’t like hockey.

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 Grammar practice 2

Adverbs of frequency 4 Correct one mistake in each sentence.

1 I love make videos.
1 Choose the correct words to complete I love making videos.
the sentences.
2 We don’t like collect things.
1 She sometimes practises/practises sometimes
the piano. 

2 Our teacher is always/always is happy. 3 I love to meeting my friends at the weekend.

3 We watch often/often watch TV after dinner. 

4 You hardly ever help/help hardly ever at home. 4 My dad like sleeping.

5 My friends are never/never are in the park on 

Saturday morning. 5 My little sister hates make videos.
6 My sister has usually/usually has a shower in 
the morning.
7 I am often/often am early for school. Present simple: Wh- questions
2 Order the words to make sentences. 5 Choose the correct words to complete
1 go / gym / to / the / I / usually the questions.
I usually go to the gym. 1 When do/have/are you practise the piano?
2 often / He / volleyball / plays 2 Where does/has/is your brother go horse-riding?
3 Who does/has/is your maths teacher?
3 We / use / sometimes / media / social 4 What do/have/are we got after this lesson?
5 Why do/have/are you tired?
4 never / late / am / I / school / for 6 How many photos does/has/is your cousin got
on her bedroom wall?
5 video / games / They / play / usually
6 Write complete questions with be, do or have
6 gym / always / is / She / the / in got.
1 Where / the physics class ?
Where’s the physics class?
Likes and dislikes 2 How old / your best friend ?

3 Write sentences with the correct verb in the
3 Where / you go after school ?
box and the verbs in brackets.

love   like   don’t mind 4 How many cousins / you ?

don’t like    hate 5 When / your birthday ?

1 I’m happy when my room is clean. I like tidying
(tidy) it.
7 Write answers for the questions in exercise 6.
1 The physics class is next to the chemistry class.
2 Our teacher (draw) on the board.
2

3
3 My dad (wash) the cars.
4

5
4 I (get up) early, but I (make) my bed.
/

5 We (do) aerobics, it’s fun!


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 3 Grammar reference

Present continuous Present simple and present

Affirmative Negative continuous
I’m (am) drawing. I’m (am) not playing chess. • we use the present simple to talk about routines,
habits or facts
You’re (are) playing You aren’t (are not)
video games. playing games. We always wear shorts in the summer. We don’t wear
He/She/It’s (is) sleeping. He/She/It isn’t (is not) walking. shorts in winter.
We/You/ They’re (are) We/You/They aren’t (are not) Do you wear smart clothes on Sundays?
wearing boots. wearing boots. Yes, I do./No, I don’t.
What do you do after school on Mondays?
• we use the present continuous to talk about actions
• we use the present continuous to talk about actions
that are in progress now
that are in progress now
• we use subject + be + verb -ing
I’m buying books now. I’m not buying clothes.
I’m practising the piano. He’s watching TV.
Are you wearing my T-shirt? Yes, I am./No, I’m not.
• we use be + not to form the negative What are you doing now?
She isn’t (is not) listening to music.
We aren’t (are not) having pizza now. Time expressions
Questions Short answers • we often use the present simple and the present
continuous with time expressions
Am I wearing Yes, you are.
your sunglasses? No, you aren’t. • with the present simple, we use:
Are you having lunch? Yes, I am.
No, I’m not.
• adverbs of frequency (always, sometimes, never, etc.)
I often meet my friends after school.
Is he/she/it waking up? Yes, he/she/it is.
No, he/she/it isn’t. • every day/week/month/year
Are we/you/they Yes, we/you/they are. We go cycling every week.
having breakfast? No, we/you/they aren’t.
• on Mondays, Tuesdays, Wednesdays, etc.
• the word order is different in questions. It is My brother goes to the gym on Wednesdays.
question word + be + subject + verb -ing
You are wearing sandals. Are you wearing sandals?
• at the weekend
I don’t wake up early at the weekend.
• we don’t repeat the verb -ing in short answers
• with the present continuous, we use:
Are they eating in class? No, they aren’t.
• now, right now, at the moment, today, this
• we don’t use the contracted form in affirmative morning/afternoon/evening, this week/month/year
short answers
I’m meeting my friends today.
Are they eating in class?
Yes, they are. ✓ Yes, they’re. ✗
• we don’t use the present continuous with some
verbs, e.g. be, have got, like, love, want
I want something to eat now. ✓
Spelling rules I’m wanting something to eat now. ✗
to form verbs with the -ing ending:
We’ve got a lot of homework today. ✓
• add -ing for most verbs We’re having got a lot of homework today. ✗
wear  wearing, study  studying
• for verbs which end in -e, remove the -e and add -ing
make  making, have  having
• for verbs that end in -ie, change -ie to -y and add -ing
lie  lying, die  dying
• for some verbs that end in consonant + vowel +
consonant, double the final consonant and add -ing
swim  swimming, get  getting

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 Grammar practice 3

Present continuous Spelling rules

1 Complete the sentences with the present 4 Write the -ing form of the verbs.
continuous affirmative form of the verbs 1 pack packing
in brackets. 2 go
1 I ’m watching (watch) my favourite TV series. 3 use
2 My brother (play) table tennis at 4 tidy
the moment.
5 swim
3 We (do) karate in PE this week.
6 win
4 I (wear) comfortable shoes because
7 skate
I’m going cycling.
8 plan
5 My mum and dad aren’t at home. They
(have) dinner with their friends. 9 lie
6 You (take) a lot of photos today.
Present simple and present
2 Correct the sentences using the words continuous
in brackets.
1 My teacher’s drawing a dog on the board. (a cat) 5 Choose the correct words to complete
My teacher isn’t drawing a dog on the board. the sentences.
He’s drawing a cat. 1 You don’t do/aren’t doing gymnastics
2 We’re studying chemistry. (biology) this morning.
 2 My school starts/’s starting at 8 o’clock
every day.
3 She’s helping me. (her friend)
3 I have/’m having lunch at my grandmother’s

house today.
4 I’m wearing baggy jeans. (tight jeans)
4 My dad doesn’t write/isn’t writing an email
 right now.
5 You’re practising the guitar. (the piano) 5 Do you like/Are you liking this music?
 6 My friends often play/are often playing chess
6 My friends are going home. (the park) after school.
 7 We haven’t got/aren’t having got history
after English today.
3 Write complete questions. Then write
short answers. Time expressions
1 you / listen to music ? (+)
Are you listening to music? 6 Write complete sentences in the present
Yes, I am. simple or present continuous.
2 your friends / have lunch ? (–) 1 I / go to a dance class / on Mondays
and Wednesdays

I go to a dance class on Mondays and Wednesdays.

2 You / wear / a cool hoodie / today
3 your aunt / do yoga ? (+)


3 We / often / listen to music / in our French lesson


4 I / wear my new shirt today ? (+)
4 My grandmother / never / wear / jeans



5 I / not use social media / right now
5 your dad / play chess ? (–)


6 My friends / not go skateboarding / every day



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4 Grammar reference

Comparative and Spelling of comparative and

superlative adjectives superlative adjectives
Comparative adjectives Comparative Superlative
This dress more comfortable that skirt. Most short longer the longest
Istanbul is bigger than London. adjectives: long
My mum taller me. Short adjectives larger the largest
ending in -e: large
• we use comparative adjectives to compare two Short adjectives wetter the wettest
things, places or people ending in consonant,
• to form the comparative adjective, we add -er to a vowel, consonant: wet
Short adjectives windier the windiest
short adjective
ending in -y: windy
I’m shorter than my mum.
Long adjectives: more comfortable the most
• we add more to a longer adjective comfortable comfortable
My trainers are more comfortable than my boots. Irregular adjectives: better, worse the best,
• when we compare two things, places or people, we good, bad the worst
use than after the comparative adjective
London is colder than Madrid. Modal verbs of obligation,
Superlative adjectives permission and prohibition
This the most in the shop. • we use can to give or ask about permission
comfortable dress Can I open the window? Yes, you can./No, you can’t.
is
Istanbul
My mum
the biggest city
the tallest person
in Europe.
in her family.
• we use must to talk about obligation
You must do your homework.
• we use superlative adjectives to compare more than • we use can’t and mustn’t to talk about prohibition
two things, places or people and to describe the one You can’t eat in class. You mustn’t write on your desk.
that is the most (or least) something e.g. tall, big, etc.
• to form the superlative adjective, we add -est to a Affirmative Negative
short adjective I/You/We/They can/must I/You/We/They can’t/
I’m the shortest person in my class. go home now. mustn’t eat here.

• we add most to a longer adjective

He/She/It can/must go
home now.
He/She/It can’t /mustn’t
eat here.
These are the most uncomfortable shoes in the world.
• when we compare words, we use the before the • we use subject + can/can’t/must/mustn’t + verb
without to for all subject pronouns
superlative adjective and we use in after the adjective
He must make his bed before school. ✓
My brother is the youngest person in the school. ✓
He must to make his bed before school. ✗
My brother is the youngest person of the school. ✗
Questions Short answers
Can I/you/we/they Yes, I/you/we/they can.
swim here? No, I/you/we/they can’t.
Can he/she/it have Yes, he/she/it can.
lunch here? No, he/she/it can’t.

• for all subject pronouns, we use Can + subject + verb

without to + ? for questions, and Yes, + subject +
can/No, + subject + can’t for short answers
Can Teo play outside today? Yes, he can./No, he can’t.

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 Grammar practice 4

Comparative and 4 Complete the sentences with the comparative

or superlative form of the adjectives
superlative adjectives in brackets.
1 Write the comparative and superlative form of 1 March is longer (long)
the adjective. than April.
1 tall taller tallest 2 February is
2 big (short) month.
3 old-fashioned 3 Madrid is usually
(warm) than London.
4 sunny
4 Mexico is (big)
5 comfortable
than Turkey.
6 cloudy
5 That guitar player is amazing! She’s
7 good (good) player in
8 bad the band.
6 My brother thinks hockey is
2 Write complete sentences with the correct (difficult)
form of the comparative adjective. than volleyball.
1 my shoes / my boots (comfortable)
My shoes are more comfortable than my boots. Modal verbs of obligation,
2 my jeans / my trousers (baggy)
permission and prohibition

3 January / July in Australia (hot) 5 Complete the sentences with can, can’t, must
 or mustn’t.
4 my coat / my jacket (warm) 1 When it’s sunny, you must wear
sun cream.

2 We play sports in the classroom.
5 these trainers / those boots (expensive)
3 It’s dry today so we go horse-riding

if you like.
6 making my bed / tidying my room (easy)
4 I use my sister’s beach towel. She
 hates it!
7 playing tennis / watching it on TV (good for you) 5 You take photos here. It’s fine.
 6 I wake up early tomorrow. I’ve got a
maths exam at 8 o’clock.
3 Complete the sentences with the superlative
form of one of the adjectives in the box. 6 Write complete questions with can and then
write the short answer with can/can’t.
bad cheap cold 
comfortable heavy tall 1 your teachers / wear T-shirts and shorts / in the
summer ? (+)
1 It’s -4ºC outside. It’s the coldest Can your teachers wear T-shirts and shorts in
day of the year. the summer? Yes, they can.
2 My best friend is 1.85 m. He’s 2 you / watch TV / after you do your homework ? (+)
boy in our school. 
3 There’s a mobile here for €75. It’s 3 you / draw on the board in your classroom ? (–)
phone in the shop.

4 I love wearing these trainers. They’re
4 your mum / get up late / on Mondays ? (–)
shoes I’ve got.

5 Don’t watch that film – it’s
film in the world. 5 people / go skateboarding in the park ? (+)
6 I can’t carry your bag. It’s 
in the class.

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5 Grammar reference

Countable and there is/are …

uncountable nouns Affirmative Negative
• countable nouns are nouns we can count Singular noun There’s (is) a book on There isn’t (is
books, grapes, chairs the table. not) a pencil.

• they have got singular and plural form: Uncountable

noun
There’s (is) some
water in the fridge.
There isn’t
any rice.
book  books
Plural noun There are (some) There aren’t any
grape  grapes
cinemas in my town. skate parks.
• uncountable nouns are nouns we can’t count
snow, oil, water • we use there is with singular countable nouns and
uncountable nouns
• they haven’t got a plural form
There’s a bus stop near my house.
water ✓ waters ✗
There is some ice on the window.
butter ✓ butters ✗
• we use there are with plural countable nouns

a, an, some/any There are some cool cafés in our town.

• we use a/an with singular countable nouns • we add not to form the negative

• we use a before a consonant sound

There isn’t any butter.
There aren’t any cycle lanes.
a bag, a melon, a skate park
• we use an before a vowel sound
Is there … ? Are there … ?
an animal, an egg, an hour
• we use Is there … ? and Yes, there is./No, there isn’t. with
• we use some and any with plural countable nouns singular countable nouns and uncountable nouns
and uncountable nouns Is there a train station near here?
• we usually use some in affirmative sentences Yes, there is./No, there isn’t.
I’ve got some smart shoes for the party. Is there any sauce? Yes, there is./No, there isn’t.
My dad often has some cheese after dinner. • we use Are there … ? and Yes, there are./No, there aren’t.
• we usually use any in negative sentences with plural countable nouns
and questions Are there any music venues in your town?
We haven’t got any water. Yes, there are./No, there aren’t.
Have you got any books?
How much/many … ?
• we can also use no article when we are talking about
something plural or uncountable for the first time or Questions Short answers
in general
How much snow is there? a lot/some/not much
I like pasta , but I don’t like grapes.
How many shops are there? a lot/some/not many

• we use How much to ask about quantity with

uncountable nouns
• we often answer this question with a lot, some or
not much
How much ice cream is there? There’s a lot./There’s
some./There isn’t much.
• we use How many to ask about quantity with
countable nouns
• we often answer this question with a lot, some or
not many
How many apples are there? There are a lot./There are
some./There aren’t many.

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 Grammar practice 5

Countable and Is there/Are there … ?

uncountable nouns 4 Write questions with Is there/Are there … ? and
1 Write C (countable) or U (uncountable). a, an or any. Then write short answers.
1 rice U 1 bus station / near here ? (+)
2 egg Is there a bus station near here?
3 banana Yes, there is.
4 chip 2 towels / in your room ? (–)
5 water 
6 wind 
7 T-shirt 3 suitcase / under your bed ? (–)
8 pasta 
9 pizza 
10
fog 4 good films / on TV ? (+)
11
game 
12
hockey 
5 oil / in that bottle ? (–)
a, an, some/any 

2 Choose the correct words to complete
the sentences. How much/many … ?
1 I haven’t got a/any dance class today.
2 Wear some/a jeans with that top. 5 Write complete questions with How much … ?
3 Have you got a/some comfortable shoes for and How many … ?
the walk? 1 How many cousins have you got?
4 Has your friend got some/a new bike? I’ve got a lot of cousins.
5 We haven’t got any/some food. Let’s go to a café. 2
6 Do you play in a/an ice hockey team? There’s some ice cream in the box.
3
there is/are … We’ve got three TVs in our house.
4
3 Match the sentence halves. There are 26 students in my class.
1 There’s a a onion. Do you need one? 5
2 There’s some b people in the skate park We’ve got some homework tonight.
because it’s wet.
3 There isn’t any c 
new cinema near my 6 Correct the mistakes.
house. Let’s go! 1 How many players there are in your team?
4 There isn’t an d 
milk so we can’t make How many players are there in your team?
hot chocolate.
2 How many rice would you like?
5 There are some e 
snow so wear your

winter boots.
3 Have you got a umbrella?
6 There aren’t any f 
sunglasses on the table.
Can I wear them? 
4 There aren’t a gyms in my school.

5 Are there any cheese on the pizza?


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6 Grammar reference

Past simple: be Spelling: past simple

Affirmative Negative regular verbs
I was I wasn’t (was not) • many verbs are regular in the past simple:
You were You weren’t (were not) • for most regular verbs, add -ed
He/She/It was He/She/It wasn’t (was not) start  started
We/You/They were We/You/They weren’t
(were not) • for verbs that end in -e, add -d
like  liked
There was
There were
There wasn’t (was not)
There weren’t (were not)
• for verbs that end in consonant + -y, omit the -y
and add -ied

• we use was/were to describe situations, people and study  studied

objects in the past • for verbs that end in stressed vowel + consonant
It was cold last night so he was at home. (except -w or -y), double the final consonant and

• we use not to form the negative

add -ed
plan  planned
You were not at school last Monday.
prefer  preferred
• wasn’t is the contracted form of was not
• for verbs that end in -l, double the l
• weren’t is the contracted form of were not
travel  travelled
She wasn’t at the gym at 8 o’clock.
Questions Short answers Past simple irregular
Was I late? Yes, I was.
No, I wasn’t.
verbs: affirmative
Were you bored? Yes, you were. Affirmative
No, you weren’t.
I/You went
Was he/she/it sad? Yes, he/she/it was.
He/She/It went
No, he/she/it wasn’t.
We/You/They went
Were we/you/they happy? Yes, we/you/they were.
No, we/you/they weren’t.
• other verbs are irregular (see p80 for a list of
• the word order is different in questions
irregular verbs)
have  had
see  saw
Past simple of regular verbs:
meet  met
affirmative and negative
Affirmative Negative Past simple: time expressions
I/You visited I/You didn’t (did not) visit • we can use the past simple with past time
He/She/It visited He/She/It didn’t (did not) visit expressions: yesterday, last night, last Thursday,
We/You/They visited We/You/They didn’t (did not) visit last weekend, in August, in 2017, etc. to say when
things happened.
• we use the past simple to describe finished actions or I first met my best friend in September 2016.
situations in the past He travelled to the USA last year.
I played volleyball with my friends last Monday.
• the form is the same for I, you, he, she, it, we, you and they
Josh watched TV and his mum played cards with
his brother.
• we use didn’t (did not) before the verb to form
the negative
We didn’t organise a party.

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 Grammar practice 6

Past simple: be Spelling: past simple

1 Complete the sentences with the past simple regular verbs
affirmative or negative form of be. 4 Write the past simple of the verbs.
1 Jack wasn’t at school yesterday. (–) 1 join joined
2 My friends at my party on Saturday. (+) 2 raise
3 It windy last night. (–) 3 play
4 We tired after the school trip. (+) 4 plan
5 You here at 10:00 am. (–) 5 try
6 There a large spider in the bath. (+) 6 protect
2 Write questions in the past simple. Then write
short answers. Past simple irregular
1 they / at the beach last weekend ? (+) verbs: affirmative
Were they at the beach last weekend?
Yes, they were.
5 Write the past simple form of the verbs.
1 see saw
2 it / hot / in August ? (+)
2 meet

3 have

4 go
3 Lucia / at the theme park with you ? (–)


Past simple: time expressions
4 there / any books in that box ? (+) 6 Match phrases 1–5 with a–e to make
 complete sentences.
 1 I didn’t go to my friend’s a yesterday.
5 you / at the sports day on Saturday ? (–) house on
 2 We didn’t live b Saturday.
 3 My uncle started his business in c night.
4 She didn’t watch TV last d here in 2016.
Past simple of regular verbs: 5 You saw my best friend e March.

affirmative and negative 7 Correct the mistakes.

3 Correct the information in the sentences 1 I have a great time yesterday.
using the words in brackets. I had a great time yesterday.
1 I studied maths last night. (English) 2 We all really enjoied the park.
I didn’t study maths last night. I studied English. 
2 My mum donated our old toys to charity. (clothes) 3 They didn’t played basketball after school.
 
3 My brother and I tidied the kitchen last night. 4 I stoped at the café to have a drink.
(our bedroom) 
 5 There didn’t be many people in the shop.
4 My dad travelled to Australia last year. 
(South Africa) 6 I went home because it be cold.
 
5 They listened to the news. (music)

6 You stopped the game. (the film)


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7 Grammar reference

Past simple of irregular verbs: Past simple: question forms

affirmative and negative
Regular past simple
I/You started/walked/
played etc.
He/She/It started/walked/
played etc.
We/You/They started/
walked/played etc.
and ago
Irregular past simple Questions Short answers
I/You went/had/came etc. Did I/you make your bed? Yes, I/you did.
No, I/you didn’t.
He/She/It went/had/ Did he/she/it have dinner? Yes, he/she/it did.
came etc. No, he/she/it didn’t.
We/You/They went/had/ Did we/you/they watch TV? Yes, we/you/they did.
came etc. No, we/you/they didn’t.

• for the use of the past simple, see Unit 6 Grammar • the word order is different in questions. The form is
reference p94 Did + subject + infinitive ?
• for all subject pronouns, we use the same past tense I went to the wildlife park.
form (except be, see p94): Did you go to the wildlife park?
I played football. • the form in short answers is Yes, + subject + did./No, +
She played football. subject + didn’t.
They played football. • we don’t repeat the verb in short answers
• some verbs are regular in the past simple. We add -ed Did he play hockey?
to the verb to make these (see p94 for Spelling rules) Yes, he did. ✓ Yes, he played. ✗
start  started No, he didn’t. ✓ No, he didn’t play. ✗
walk  walked
• we use ago to say when we did something in the
• other verbs are irregular and have different forms past. We can use different time words:
and spelling
When did you tidy your room?
go  went
five minutes ago/three hours ago/a month ago
have  had
do  did
• we often use these time expressions to talk about
the past:
get  got
in (2017)
• see p80 for a list of irregular verbs when I was ten
at the age of six
Negative
I/You didn’t (did not) see
three days ago
He/She/It didn’t (did not) see
We/You/They didn’t (did not) see

• we use didn’t (did not) before the infinitive form of

the negative
I didn’t have breakfast yesterday. ✓
I didn’t had breakfast yesterday. ✗

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 Grammar practice 7

Past simple of irregular verbs: Past simple: question forms

affirmative and negative and ago
1 Write the past simple form of the verbs. 5 Write complete questions and short answers.
1 do did 5 try 1 your aunt / see poisonous snakes in Australia ?  (–)
2 enjoy 6 meet Did your aunt see poisonous snakes in Australia?
3 know 7 hear No, she didn’t.
4 tell 8 write 2 your friends / collect things ? (+)

2 Complete the sentences with the past simple 3 it / rain a lot at the weekend ? (+)
affirmative form of the verbs in the box.

go  help leave rain snow study 4 you / start a blog about music ? (–)

1 This cake is good because my mum helped me.
5 I / take your sleeping bag ? (–)
2 My mum maths when she was 18.

3 We horse-riding two days ago.
6 we / solve the problem ? (+)
4 It last week so we went skiing!

5 My brother home at 9 o’clock so he
was late for school. 6 Order the words to make questions.
6 It a lot last night so we stayed 1 wake up / What time / you / did ?
at home.
What time did you wake up?
3 Complete the table with the infinitive of the 2 your friends / play / did / Where / hockey ?
verbs in exercises 1 and 2. 
3 do / did / What / on Saturday morning / you ?
Regular verbs Irregular verbs 
help do 4 take / the photographer / How many photos / did ?

5 go / to the police station / you / did / Why ?


7 Rewrite the sentences with the time

expressions in brackets.
1 I had breakfast at 8 o’clock. It’s now 10 o’clock. (ago)
4 Write the sentences in the past simple I had breakfast two hours ago.
negative form. 2 I’m now 14 years old. I visited the zoo five years
1 My mum / organise / a party for Dad’s birthday ago. (when)
last week 
My mum didn’t organise a party for Dad’s 3 It’s now 2021. My mum went to university 25
birthday last week. years ago. (in)
2 I / spend three hours on my computer yesterday 
 4 My brother’s 16 years old. He started going
3 My sister / study for her exams before summer surfing six years ago. (age)
 
4 My uncle / do / karate at the age of 15 5 It’s now Wednesday. I went to the dentist on
Monday. (ago)


5 I / stop / collecting things two years ago


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8 Grammar reference

will for predictions: affirmative Future with going to

and negative Affirmative
Affirmative I’m (am) going to visit a gallery.
I/You’ll (will) live in another country. You’re (are) going to have lunch.
He/She/It’ll (will) have a big house. He/She/It’s (is) going to stay in a hotel.
We/You/They’ll (will) be famous. We/You/They’re (are) going to sunbathe.

• we use will to make predictions about the future • we use be + going to to talk about future plans
and intentions
People will have flying cars.
We’ll all live to be 120! • the form is subject + be + going to + infinitive

• the form is subject + will + infinitive without to Negative

We’ll go on virtual holidays. ✓ I’m not (am not) going to play tennis.
We’ll to go on virtual holidays. ✗ You aren’t (are not) going to meet friends.

• the form is the same for all subject pronouns

He/She/It isn’t (is not) going to be bored.
We/You/They aren’t (are not) going to have dinner.
I’ll (will) work as a web designer.
It’ll (will) snow next winter. • we use not to form the negative

Negative Questions Short answers

I/You won’t (will not) walk to school. Am I going to visit Yes, you are.
my grandparents? No, you aren’t.
He/She/It won’t (will not) have cars.
Are you going to Yes, I am.
We/You/They won’t (will not) go to the beach.
have breakfast? No, I’m not.

• we use not to form the negative Is he/she/it going to listen

to music?
Yes, he/she/it is.
No, he/she/it isn’t.
• won’t is the contracted form of will not Are we/you/they going to Yes, we/you/they are.
• the form is the same for all subject pronouns watch TV? No, we/you/they aren’t.
He won’t have much free time.
We won’t have long holidays.
• the word order is different in questions. The form is
question word + be + subject + infinitive

will for predictions:
question and short answers
Questions
Will I/you live in a
big house?
Will he/she/it watch
more TV?
Will we/you/they visit
museums on holiday?
• the word order is different in questions
Short answers
Yes, I/you will.
No, I/you won’t.
Yes, he/she/it will.
No, he/she/it won’t.
Yes, we/you/they will.
No, we/you/they won’t.
• the form of short answers is Yes, + subject + am/is/
are./No, + subject + 'm not/aren’t/isn’t.
• we don’t repeat going to or the infinitive in
short answers
Is he going to go swimming?
Yes, he is. No, he isn’t.
Present continuous for
future arrangements
• we can use the present continuous to talk about
future arrangements. We usually use a future

• to make questions, we use question word + will +

time expression
What are you doing after school?
subject + infinitive
• the form is the same for all subject pronouns
I’m hanging out with friends on Friday afternoon.
We aren’t having a barbecue next weekend.
Will we go for walks in the future?
• we don’t repeat the verb in short answers • for the form, see p88

Yes, you will. ✓ No, you won’t. ✓

Yes, you will go. ✗ No, you won’t go. ✗

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 Grammar practice 8

will for predictions 4 Complete the questions with be going to and

the verbs in the box.
1 Order the words to make questions. Then
write short answers. be pack stay watch wear
1 next week / it / Will / hot / be ? (+)
1 Are you going to watch the match on TV?

Will it be hot next week? Yes, it will.
2 you your hat to the
2 the bike hire / Will / expensive / be ? (–) beach today?
 3 it dry for sports day?
3 have / the hotel / Will / a swimming pool ? (+) 4 your aunt in a B & B
 on her city break?
4 we / Will / see / penguins ? (–) 5 I my suitcase tonight?

5 your friends / Will / go to university ? (+) 5 Write short answers for the questions in
exercise 4.

1 (–) No, I’m not.
2 Write complete sentences with the correct 2 (+)
form of will. 3 (+)
1 I / not study / chemistry at university 4 (–)
I won’t study chemistry at university. 5 (–)
2 We / not live / in houses under the water
 6 Write complete questions with the correct
form of be going to.
3 I / buy / a large apartment
1 What / you / do on your holiday ?

What are you going to do on your holiday?
4 It / not rain / all summer
2 How / your friends / make their video ?


5 You / have fun / at the theme park
3 Where / your brother / go to university ?


4 When / it / be hot and sunny ?
Future with going to

3 Complete the sentences with the correct form 5 What time / I / see the doctor ?
of be going to. 
1 I ’m going to play (play) badminton.
I ’m not going to do (not do) yoga.
Present continuous for
2 She (wear) her smart trousers. She
(not wear) her jeans. future arrangements
3 It (not be) warm. It 7 Complete the sentences with the present
(be) freezing.
continuous form of the verbs in the box.
4 We (stay) in an apartment and we
(have) a barbecue. not do  not go not have visit
5 My friends (play) in a band but they
(not be) rich and famous. 1 You aren’t going to the dentist on Thursday.
6 You (watch) athletics, you 2 My brother the
(not do) athletics. wildlife park with his class tomorrow.
3 We athletics after
school today.
4 I dinner at
home tonight.

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