—+ Eye iment 8 “Topic: Magnetic _ Fields Tite: Earth's magnetic field jective‘ To estimate te horizenta| cam ponext of the Eath’s wagretic fell Theory ‘ A errealar loop of radius R and carry current J sthated at dishne x | fom a fied point P is shown in Piguet Il pol wooo ; Figure The magnetic Fux density 6 at P is = aol? tt) "Let ew)? where de is the permeability of tree space. us Gown in Figuee 2. A solenoid of length Loaves I situated of distance L fom a fixed point & il “—x«| HF the total number of H4ens in the solenoid is N, then the nuraber of tun | dt length is MM The magnetic fed density JB due to he loops om [derive “fom equation Gi) as 1 ee . | | B= 2e4W LL @) oo wvhee ie te tala of the solensid. et etn Q), Ae pee it ly 66 bat A §:* to £ a S —t oe ( Ip. sah : inagetic Feld 6 Gem the send and he hoisonal componcet 4 of ¢ Facth’s magnetic field acted perpendiular +9 each otter at & is shown Lin Figure 1B. Nv | - aN fi i ~~ 2LBn ( ra}! : - at i pe \, “nbn (1 eae)” whee diameter _D* 2k. +—1—Appacetas ‘ (i) Two wooden retort Stands and clmps Lil) A cork and an optical pin - ) A set of small bar magnet fixed witha pair of ophaa| gins _ | le (ii) A plane micror attached +0 4 poper protractor _ WW) Thread length of about AD _ WI A test ~ tube wound with copper wies ae — vii) ANS V dey cell or any 0 other stable power sup - Will) A CO-1A) d-c. ammeter on 7 Cix) A_swetch —_ (x) A. rheostat Oy) A pale of caer alipers (xii) A micrometer Screw gouge (xiti) Connecting wires —_|— Procedure: (a) The cork clamped with a pin to the retort stand ard hung the bar magnet from tre pin using he thread supplied, so thet +he magnet styed ata height of abot 3c above te table. The magnet allowed to stay stationary and horizontal. The mirror placed with the protractor with the 0° — 180° axis directly below he pins. Ch) The cher clamp used , he salencid helded in a horizontal pasition at ‘he same level with the magnet. The orientation of the solenod adjusted co that Hs axis was perpendicular ty the axis of he magnet and one end of the solenoid is at 3.0con trom the axis of te mognet. A rheostet, ammeter , power supply connected and switched to He solensid in series. The ammeter shoulb be fept at least 50cm from the magnet: Figure 4 showed the experimental set-up. — Calon-calon mesti menggunakan kedua-dua belah muka. v Figuce_ 4 (c) The rheostet adjasted to a weximum resistance and dosed ue switch, he reading 1 of the ammeter recorded and the average deflection 0 of the magnet fom he 0° — (80° axis obtained, 4) the value of “he resistance of ‘the rheostat decreased in stages so-as 10 change the value of 1 and hen the corresponding value of @ rmeasured Ke) All measurements for 1, @ and tan O recorded Fa A graph of ton 6 againot I _plted. |G) The “ qrediert 5 of -he gagh of 20 8 against 1 calculated. i) average diameter dof che vie used in the solenid , Cii)lngh L of the ole. ) OD ed +40 estinete -the numb of song ik Ses cskenll ie (h) the solencid removed and measured (i) the intema| diameter Dot te solid,|Rests? larrent , LIA | Average deflechon of the magnet, OI” | tm 8 I 2 Men _ 0-04 50 SO 0-04 le 8.0 60 OR | on (8 to | bb 20 ino 0-04 00 B.0 Bo) OB On J 40 OS 0.28 BO 1-0-2 ft Infenal diameter Average diometor of — Lempth of the 4} of the salenwid, Dem the wire used in te salen, b lem Lt solenvid , d lum : _ Soeeeoo | 158 04 5 | Paes OAR 500 | 3 kB OB SO th A 0-43 i ee | 5 1658 Oks 5-09 ___ Average 158 0.4 5-00 | Teen ecror of micrometer screw gauge = ~ 0-05 ea oe | Adal d= 0-43-6005) —— 2 O48 mm eeslalculation : ‘ / : a Me geet ot Me gel oto Oapitt 1 a 0.21- 0.18 ao 0-26 - 0-10 i oo fe OO ee ee [abate Ihe _pumber of tuns N in the solenoid = de Cxige © 0-48 X03 = 104 tums y - / i ~ | Hoot “component m of the Bacth 5 -megnetic field _|- au fe a Is ( ie! _ (4 X10- 1) (104) 1 SX107)( 0-6) a re cece) _ enGeMmDiscussions * Fiestly , one of the precautions of this experiment was the ammeter should he lapt at least Sco fom the rvagnet The fan is switded off ond “he windows ore chsed to minimize air movemert. All connection of wire and devices [must be fight: The experiment is carried out reasonably Last to prevent wires fom heating up. Besides, there was some sources of error in this experiment. for example, successive tums of the Solenid ae not perfectly bound together, resulting in error forthe estimation of the number of uns. Inability to leep +he magnet trom Swinging , resulting M_ inaccurede reading of 6. Jun lat | the of the steps +o overcome te weakness of the experiment was court |e number of tums for lem length of te solenoid, n. Then, obtain the umber of tums in the solenoid using the estinection : N2 nl. We can repeat te experiment for severa| times 40 increase he acasracy of the cesults. _ My commenct on His experiment is this expenment shold be camed ot | in group due 4» the apparetus was hard to Set up. Besides , the apparedus was also not enough for many people to use in one time. Conclusion. he a component of the Earth’s magnetic Field, 8y is GSKIOF 7