ELEMENTS OF ART

POINT - It can be considered a singularity in space or geometrically, the area where two coordinates
meet.

LINE - A line is a point in motion. It has length, direction and width.

ACTUAL LINES - Actual lines are those that are physically present. These are lines that the viewer can
easily distinguish as he examines a work of art

IMPLIED LINES - created by visually connecting two areas together

HORIZONTAL - associated with rest and calm are commonly seen in landscapes as these lines connote a
visual sense of being parallel to the ground

VERTICAL LINES - connotes elevation or height

DIAGONAL AND CROOKED LINES - express movement and instability

CURVED LINES are lines that bend or coil alluding to softness, grace, flexibility

SHAPE - defines the space occupied by the object of art. Shape refers to two dimensions which are
height and width.

FORMS- are three-dimensional shapes expressing length, width, and depth.

SPACE- In terms of art, space is the area around, above, and within an object

COLOR- visual element of the painting that has three properties: hue, saturation, and value.

HUE- is considered as the main property of color or the dimension which gives color its name

VALUE - The second part of color theory deals with color values

INTENSITY- This is the color’s brightness or dullness. It is identified as the strength of color

MONOCHROMATIC – one color, made up of one color and its shades and tints

Analogous colors - are colors that are next to each other on the color wheel.

Complementary colors - are colors found directly across from each other on the color wheel.

Color triads - consist of three colors found on the color wheel that are equally spaced apart from each
other

Split complementary - color schemes are made up of a color and its complements closest analogous
colors.

Warm colors - colors that are usually associated with warm things.

Cool colors - colors that are usually associated with cool things.

PERSPECTIVE - To represent three-dimensional objects on a two-dimensional surface

LINEAR PERSPECTIVES
One-point perspective is often used in depicting roads, tracks, hallways, or rows of trees.

Two-point perspective uses one vanishing point on either side of the subject, such as a painting in which
the corner of a building faces the viewer.

Three-point perspective works for a subject viewed from above or below. Three vanishing points depict
the effects of perspective occurring in three directions

Aerial or atmospheric perspective can be demonstrated by a mountain range in which the mountains in
the distance appear lighter in value and a bit cooler, or bluer, in hue

Foreshortening in art refers to the way we perceive an object as it recedes in space.

Texture is a basic element of art. Anything that has a surface has texture. It is the way a surface looks
and feels and is experienced in two ways

PRINCIPLES OF ART

BALANCE is the distribution of the visual elements in view of their placement in relation to each other or
the sense of stability achieved through the implied weight of an object.

Symmetrical balance: When one image is mirrored on the other side to repeat itself

Asymmetrical balance: When different types of elements create a visual balance

Radial balance: The distribution of elements around a central point in all directions

Proportion pertains to the relationship between the sizes of different parts in an artwork.

Scale refers to the size of an object compared to the rest of the surroundings.

MOVEMENT - creating movement in our painting is to use bold and directional brushwork

Rhythm - when one or more elements are used repeatedly to create movement.

PATTERN - concerns with the visual arrangement of elements with a repetitive form or intelligible
sequence

Emphasis is a way of using elements to stress a certain area in an art work.

Contrast is everything in art.

Texture contrast: A contrast between smooth and textured.

Detail contrast: A contrast between areas of detail and blander areas

Color contrast: A contrast between light and dark, saturated and dull, or complementary colors

Shape contrast: A contrast between different shapes

Interval contrast: A contrast between long and short intervals.s

HARMONY - it shows how well all the visual elements work together in a work of art.

UNITY - refers to some kind of connection between all the visual elements in a work of art.
VARIETY - refers to the use of differing qualities or instances of the visual elements.

ART IN EARLY CIVILIZATIONS

stone age is a term used to describe a period in history when stones were used to make tools in order to
survive.

Art of the Time

Portable art during the Upper Paleolithic period was necessarily small and consisted of either figurines
or decorated objects

Stationary art means just that, they didn't move.

“parietal art” meaning “found on walls and ceilings of caves”

EGYPTIAN ART

THE NARMER PALLETE - The Narmer representations convey much of what is typical of Egyptian art of
the Dynastic period.

THE PYRAMIDS - Mastabas refer to the bench-shaped Tombs of early Egyptian kings.

ART IN ANCIENT GREECE

Parthenon, a temple in honor of the city’s patron goddess Athena.

Ancient Greek Pottery - Ancient Greeks offered small terra cotta figurines as gifts to gods and goddesses,
buried them with the dead and gave them to their children as toys.

most utilitarian art in ancient Greece was the pottery

ART IN ANCIENT ROME

Romans represented real ordinary people, with their natural beauty and imperfections.

The Colosseum, also called Flavian Amphitheatre, is a giant amphitheater built in Rome under the
Flavian emperors.

THE MIDDLE AGE

which was characterized by ignorance and darkness.

RENAISSANCE ART
The artists valued the “individual” as a subject of arts during the Renaissance period.

“Most art works emphasized “naturalism” which was also an influence of humanism because the artist
emphasized greatly on the proportionality of the human body.

this era witnessed a revolution in realism with artists and sculptors aiming their works to be more lifelike
than before.

The High Renaissance, consequently coined to denote the artistic pinnacle of the Renaissance, refers to
a thirty-year period exemplified by the groundbreaking, iconic works of art being made in Italy during
what was considered a thriving societal prime.

Even though many artists vied for status and commissions during the High Renaissance, Leonardo da
Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael, and architect Donatello are undoubtedly the period's most notable
legends who exemplified the term "Renaissance" man in their proficiency and mastery of multiple
subjects and interests.

MANNERISM

Mannerism was a product of the Renaissance period. As the Renaissance period ended, artists started
copying directly from existing works of art

BAROQUE

Baroque means “irregularly shaped pearl” or barocco.

1. Grandeur: From the marble columns of Baroque cathedrals to the muscle-bound figures of Rubens’s
paintings, Baroque art pushes grandeur to its natural extreme.

2. Return to realism: Drawing inspiration from Italian painter Caravaggio and Spanish artists Diego
Velázquez and Francisco Ribalta, Baroque painters emphasized the realism of the human form—albeit
with idealized proportions and, often, dramatic poses.

3. Joy through art: Baroque and Rococo forms sought to exploit the full potential of every canvas,
building, and sculpture by emphasizing beauty, majesty, and grace.

4. Curvilinear forms: Baroque art rarely deals in straight lines, preferring graceful arcs and curves
whenever possible

tenebrism, where subjects appear bathed in a spotlight due to intense chiaroscuro lighting and inky
black backdrops.

ROCOCO

Rococo art, sometimes called “feminized" version of the Baroque style, is associated with the
aristocracy.

NEOCLASSICISM
Neoclassicism was a movement that aimed to revive and rekindle the influences of Greek and Roman
into art and architecture.

ROMANTICISM

Romanticism used the central themes of Neoclassicist artworks as a springboard. Heroic elements were
highlighted in the artworks.

LESSON 9 THE DIFFERENT ART PERIODS (PART 2)

REALISM - Realism focused on the accuracy of details that depicted and somehow mirrored reality. The
art works tended to be accurate, detailed, unembellished depiction of nature or of contemporary life

IMPRESSIONISM - This name was attributed to a critic who seized on the title of Claude Monet's
Impression, Sunrise.

Characteristics of IMPRESSIONISM ART

1.Quick, loose brush strokes

2.Bright paintings

3.“En plein air” (Painting Outside)

4. Relative color

5. Clearer picture from further away

ART NOUV

This type of art was characterized by its ornamental style which was a break from historicism, the
prevailing and the most dominant theme of most Western artworks. The ornamental style used long and
organic lines.

FAUVISM

Fauvist art was characterized by its bold colors (almost acidic), textured brushwork and non-naturalistic
depictions.

CUBISM

create the illusion of a real three-dimensional space from a fixed viewpoint on the two-dimensional
canvas. Cubists actually emphasized the two-dimensional nature of the canvas instead of creating the
illusion of depth. They achieved this without the use of perspective.
FUTURISM

The Italian poet and editor Filippon Tommaso Marinetti coined the term “Futurism” in his belief that art
should embody change, innovation, creativity, and originality. Futurism highlighted the speed, energy,
dynamism, and power of machines