INTRODUCTION TO WORLD

RELIGION AND BELIEF

SYSTEMS
Second Quarter
First Week
HINDUISM
PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
• The learner simulates a particular yoga and writes a
reflection paper on her insights.
MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCY
• Examine the brief history, core teachings, fundamental
beliefs, practice and related issues of Hinduism.
GEOGRAPHY
 ARYAN
✓ Arrived in India about
15,000 BC
✓ They belong to the Indo
European group of people.
✓ They brought Indo-
European language which
later became SANSKRIT.
 ARYAN
They brought Indo-
European language
which later became
SANSKRIT
 HINDUISM
✓Hinduism is the third largest religion in
the world, with approximately 900
million adherents.
✓It is also the oldest known religion in
the world today
✓The Hindus believe that all living things
have a soul.
HINDU POPULATION SHARE OF WORLD
COUNTRIES
 SACRED TEXTS
❑The Vedas
❑Upanishads
❑The Bhagavad Gītā
 THE VEDAS

The oldest Hindu sacred texts (in 4

parts), composed in Sanskrit
SACRED TEXTS
 THE UPANISHADS

✓ UPANISHAD means “to sit up close”

✓ Series of philosophical texts.

SACRED TEXTS
 The Bhagavad Gītā
✓It is perhaps the most
famous, and definitely
the most widely-read
text of ancient India.

SACRED TEXTS
 Goal of Hinduism
Moksha: “release or
liberation
United forever with the
divine
Infinite bliss and
awareness
DHARMA
Ethical duty
based on the
divine order of
reality.
KARMA
❖“action” or
“deeds”
❖ Every action
produces a
justified effect
based on its
moral
worthiness.
KAMA
• Pleasure
• It refers to the desires of the
mind and the physical body
• From this name comes the
famous and very ancient
Hindu guide to the physical
expression of love known as
the KAMASUTRA.
REINCARNATION
• Reincarnation is the
soul's cycle of birth
and death until it
attains Moksha.
• People may be
reborn as plants or
animals or they may
be elevated to a
higher caste as a
human.
REINCARNATION
• SAMSARA-
WHEEL OF
REBIRTH
The Identification of Brahman
• There is one big God
– More of a all powerful
force—no personal
characteristics
• The Vedas depict
Brahman as the
Universal Soul
The Hindu Trinity
–Shiva
–Brahma
–Vishnu
 Shiva
• Shiva is the Destroyer
• Even though he
represents destruction,
Shiva is viewed as a
positive force
 Symbolism of Shiva
• Third Eye: Eye of wisdom.
• Cobra Necklace: Beyond the powers of
death
• Drum: Source of all language and
expression.
• Tiger skin: the goddess of power and
force.
• Elephant & Deer Skin: Elephants
represent pride. Deer represent the
jumping of minds
• Trident: Symbolizes three functions of
the triad – the creation, the sustenance
and the destruction.
 BRAHMA
• Brahma is the Hindu God of
Creation

• Brahma is traditionally
depicted with four heads,
faces, and arms.

• He is the one that is not

worshiped (like the other 2)
 VISHNU
• Vishnu is the
Preserver, he is most
famously identified
with his human and
animal incarnations
(AKA, avatars)
– He manifested Himself
as a living being in ten
avatars.
 VISHNU
• They are (in order of avatar)
– (Fish)
– (Turtle)
– (Pig/Boar)
– (Lion man / from the torso upwards lion,
below, human)
– (First fully human form as a dwarf sage
who has the ability to grow very, very tall)
– (Fierce man / Hunter)
– (Greatest Warrior/ Ideal man)
– (Mentally advanced man)
– (Sage who is completely still)
– (Prophesied, yet to take place)
KALI

❖ wife of Shiva
❖She is a
bloodthirsty
goddess.
 GANESHA
• Ganesha is one of the most
well-known and loved Gods
– He is the first-born son of
Shiva
• The Lord of Good Fortune
– Provides prosperity and
fortune
– Also the God of knowledge
• Used to help student’s study!
 GODDESSES

Lakshmi Saraswati
FOUR YOGAS
1. JNANA YOGA (YOGA
OF KNOWLEDGE)
- understanding the true
nature of reality and the self .
- is considered the most
difficult of the four main paths
of Yoga, requiring great
strength of will and intellect.
 FOUR YOGAS
2. KARMA YOGA (YOGA
OF WORK)
- the path of action through
selfless service
- Each action has a
corresponding reaction, on
one’s body, mind and
consciousness.
FOUR YOGAS
3. BHAKTI YOGA (YOGA OF
DEVOTION AND LOVE )
- is the path of
devotion and love for God
and for the whole of
creation - animals, as well
as humans, and all of
nature.
FOUR YOGAS
4. KRIYA YOGA (YOGA OF
PRACTICE)
- consists of advanced
techniques of meditation
whose devoted practice
leads to realization of God
and liberation of the soul
from all forms of bondage.
 FESTIVALS AND HOLY DAYS

DIWALI – known as the Festival of Lights. Usually

held around October or November.
 FESTIVALS AND HOLY DAYS

HOLI – the national celebration of spring and new

year. It is also known as the festival of colors.
 SELECTED ISSUES
HINDU CASTE SYSTEM
• Hindus are divided into different groups
associated with religious purity
• Hindus are born into a caste and cannot rise
beyond it accept through reincarnation into
a higher caste.
• Good karma Reborn into higher caste
Reaching moksha
CASTE SYSTEM
 SELECTED ISSUES
HINDUISM AND WOMEN
• In the ancient Hindu tradition, women are
expected to perform sati or sutee wherein
widowed women are expected to jump on
the funeral of their husbands to prove their
loyalty and help save the soul of their
husbands in the afterlife.
SELECTED ISSUES
PETA:YOGA DANCE
REFERENCES:

BOOKS:

Jerome A. Ong, M. D, Introduction to World Religions and Belief System, Quezon City,
Vibal Group, Inc., 2016
Victoria Coral, E. G.-K., Introduction to World Religion for Senior High School. Quezon
City: C & E Publishing Inc. 2017
INTERNET:
“BBC - Religions - Hinduism: Scripture.” Www.Bbc.Co.Uk, 25 Aug. 2009,
www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/hinduism/texts/texts.shtml#:~:text=Hindu%20scripture-. Accessed 3 Sept. 2020.

Cristian Violatti. “Hinduism.” Ancient History Encyclopedia, Ancient History Encyclopedia, 11 May 2013,
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---. “Upanishads.” Ancient History Encyclopedia, Ancient History Encyclopedia, 4 May 2014,
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Davis, Lee. “An Overview of India’s Caste System.” Www.Spectrumlabsai.Com, 8 Apr. 2020,
www.spectrumlabsai.com/the-blog/an-overview-of-indias-caste-system. Accessed 3 Sept. 2020.

Doniger, Wendy. “Bhagavadgita | Definition, Contents, & Significance | Britannica.” Encyclopædia Britannica,
2020, www.britannica.com/topic/Bhagavadgita. Accessed 3 Sept. 2020.

“Handout 2: Excerpts from The Bhagavad Gita - The Song of God | Building Bridges | Tapestry of Faith |
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Hertzenberg, Stephanie. “The 4 Essential Goals of Hindu Life.” Beliefnet.Com, 2019,

www.beliefnet.com/faiths/hinduism/the-4-essential-goals-of-hindu-life.aspx. Accessed 3 Sept. 2020.
INTERNET:
“Hindu Holy Days and Observances.” The Guibord Center, theguibordcenter.org/faiths/hinduism/hindu-festivals/.
Accessed 3 Sept. 2020.

“HISTORY OF HINDUISM.” Www.Historyworld.Net,

www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/plaintexthistories.asp?historyid=ab75. Accessed 3 Sept. 2020.

History.com Editors. “Hinduism.” HISTORY, 23 Aug. 2018, www.history.com/topics/religion/hinduism. Accessed 3

Sept. 2020.

Mark, Joshua. Upanishads. 10 June 2020, www.ancient.eu/Upanishads/. Accessed 3 Sept. 2020.

Terrel, Shannon. “5 Philosophies From The Upanishads The World Needs Today.” Mindvalley Blog, 13 Oct. 2018,
blog.mindvalley.com/upanishads/. Accessed 3 Sept. 2020.

V, Jayaram. “The Belief of Reincarnation of Soul in Hinduism.” Hinduwebsite.Com, 2019,

www.hinduwebsite.com/reincarnation.asp.

“What Is Reincarnation in Hinduism? - Definition & Cycle - Video & Lesson Transcript | Study.Com.” Study.Com,
2020, study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-reincarnation-in-hinduism-definition-cycle-
quiz.html#:~:text=Reincarnation%2C%20a%20major%20tenet%20of. Accessed 3 Sept. 2020.
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