Column Installation The first step in installing a Column is deciding which type you want to install. Your choice depends on the type of has several ba: equipment (for example, reboilers and condensers) your Column requires. HYSYS sic Column templates (pre-constructed column configurations) which can be used for installing a new Column. The most basic Column types are described in the table below. Basic Column Types Icon Description Absorber | Tower only. Liquid-Liquid (yy) Tower only. Extractor lou! Reboiled J | Tower and a bottom stage reboiler. Absorber ec Refluxed 7) Tower and an overhead condenser. Absorber (d_|] Distillation |,{2:| Tower with both a reboiler and condenser. 22.) Three Phase Distillation There are also ,§23| Tower, three-phase condenser, reboiler, Condenser can be either 28.) chemical or hydrocarbon specific. more complex Column types, which are described in the table below. Complex Column Types 3 Sidestripper Crude Column Description Tower, reboiler, condenser, 3 sidestrippers, and 3 corresponding pump around circuits. 4 Sidestripper Crude Column FCCU Main Fractionator Vacuum Reside Tower Tower, reboiler, condenser, an uppermost reboiled sidestripper, 3 steam-stripped lower sidestrippers, and 3 corresponding pump around circuits. Tower, condenser, an upper pump around reflux circuit and product draw, a mid- column two-product-stream sidestripper, a lower pump around reflux circuit and product draw, and a quench pump around circuit at the bottom of the column. Tower, 2 side product draws with pump around reflux circuits and a wash oil-cooled steam stripping section below the flash zone, Input Experts Input Experts guide you through the installation of a Column. The Input Experts are available for the following si = Absorber ix standard column templates: + Liquid-Liquid Extractor+ Reboiled Absorber + Refluxed Absorber + Distillation + Three Phase Distillation Details related to each column template are outlined in Templates. Each Input Expert contains a series of input pages whereby you must specify the required information for the page before advancing to the next one. When you have worked through all the pages, you have specified the basic information required to build your column. You are then placed in the Column property view which gives comprehensive access to most of the column features It is not necessary to use the Input Experts to install a column. You can disable and enable the Input Experts option on the Options page in the Simulation tab of the Session Preferences property view If you do not use the Input Experts, you move directly to the Column property view when you install a new column. Templates HYSYS contains a number of column templates which have been designed to simplify the installation of columns A Column Template is a pre-constructed configuration or “blueprint” of a common type of Column, including Absorbers, Reboiled and Refluxed Absorbers, Distillation Towers, and Crude Columns. A Column Template contains the unit operations and streams that are necessary for defining the particular column type, as well as a default set of specifications. All Column templates can be accessed using the Model Palette. When you add a new Column HYSYS gives you a choice of the available templates. Simply select the template that most closely matches your column configuration, provide the necessary input in the Input Expert property view (if applicable), and HYSYS installs the equipment and streams for you in a new Column subflowsheet. Stream connections are already in place, and HYSYS provides default names for all internal streams and equipment. You can then make modifications by adding, removing or changing the names of any streams or operations to suit your specific requirements. Clicking the Side Ops button on the final page of the Column Input Expert opens the Side Operations Input Expert wizard, which guides you through the process of adding a side operation to your column. In addition to the basic Column Templates which are included with HYSYS, you can create custom Templates containing Column configurations that you commonly use. HYSYS Column Conventions Column Towers, Overhead Condensers, and Bottom Reboilers are each defined as individual unit operations. Condensers and Reboilers are not numbered stages, as they are considered to be separate from the Tower. Note: By making the individual components of the column separate pieces of equipment, there is easier access to equipment information, as well as the streams connecting them The following are some of the conventions, definitions, and descriptions of the basic columns: Column Desci Component Tower A HYSYS unit operation that represents the series of equilibrium stages in a Column. Stages Stages are numbered from the top down or from the bottom up, depending on your preference. The top stage is 1, and the bottom stage is N for the top-down numbering cchama The ctana niimherina nrafaranca can he selected an theConnections page of the Design tab on the Column property view. Overhead The overhead vapor product is the vapor leaving the top stage of the Tower in Vapor simple Absorbers and Reboiled Absorbers. In Refluxed Absorbers and Distillation Product Towers, the overhead vapor product is the vapor leaving the Condenser. Overhead The overhead liquid product is the Distillate leaving the Condenser in Refluxed Liquid Absorbers and Distillation Towers. There is no top liquid product in simple Product: Absorbers and Reboiled Absorbers. Bottom The bottom liquid product is the liquid leaving the bottom stage of the Tower in Liquid simple Absorbers and Refluxed Absorbers. In Reboiled Absorbers and Distillation Product Columns, the bottom liquid product is the liquid leaving the Reboiler. Overhead An Overhead Condenser represents a combined Cooler and separation stage, and is Condenser _ not given a stage number. Bottom A Bottom Reboiler represents a combined heater and separation stage, and is not Reboiler___given a stage number. Default Replaceable Specifications Replaceable specifications are the values which the Column convergence algorithm is trying to meet. When you select a particular Column template or as you add side equipment, HYSYS creates default specifications. You can use the specifications that HYSYS provides or replace these specifications with others more suited to your requirements. The available default replaceable specifications are dependent on the Basic Column type (template) that you have chosen. The default specifications for the four basic column templates are combinations of the following: + Overhead vapor flowrate + Distillate flowrate + Bottoms flowrate + Reflux ratio + Reflux rate Note: The specifications in HYSYS can be set as specifications or changed to estimates. The provided templates contain only pre-named internal streams (streams which are both a feed and product). For instance, the Reflux stream, which is named by HYSYS, is a product from the Condenser and a feed to the top stage of the Tower. Note: The pressure for a Tower column section, condenser, or reboiler can be specified at any time on the Pressures page of the Column property view. In the following schematics, you specify the feed and product streams, including duty streams. Absorber Template The only unit operation contained in the Absorber is the Tower, and the only streams are the overhead vapor and bottom liquid products. The following is a schematic representation of the Absorber:— Vapour Product ——>| 1 Liquid Main Feed 6 Tower vit 11 /apour Feed — Liquid Product There are no available specifications for the Absorber, which is the base case for all tower configurations. The conditions and composition of the column feed stream, as well as the operating pressure, define the resulting converged solution. The converged solution includes the conditions and composition of the vapor and liquid product streams. Note: The Liquid-Liquid Extraction Template is identical to the Absorber Template. Note: The remaining Column templates have additional equipment, thus increasing the number of required specifications. Reboiled Absorber Template The Reboiled Absorber template consists of a Tower and a bottom reboiler. Two additional streams connecting the Reboiler to the Tower are also included in the template. When you install a Reboiled Absorber (in other words, add only a Reboiler to the Tower), you increase the number of required specifications by one over the Base Case. As there is no overhead liquid, the default specification in this case is the overhead vapor flow rate, Note: The Column Input Expert for Reboiled Absorber offers advanced pre-configurations for the reboiler including the HYSYS Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger. See the Reboiled Absorber section of the Aspen HYSYS online help for updated information on these functions. Refluxed Absorber Template The Refluxed Absorber template contains a Tower and an overhead Condenser (partial or total). Additional material streams associated with the Condenser are also included in the template. For example, the vapor entering the Condenser from the top stage is named to Condenser by default, and the liquid returning to the Tower is the Reflux. Figure 2.12=| Tene Pret When you install a Refluxed Absorber, you are adding only a Condenser to the base case. Specifying a partial condenser increases the number of required specifications by two over the Base Case. The default specifications are the overhead vapor flow rate, and the side liquid (Distillate) draw. Specifying a total condenser results in only one available specification, since there is no overhead vapor product. Either of the overhead vapor or distillate flow rates can be specified as zero, which creates three possible combinations for these two specifications. Each combination defines a different set of operating conditions. The three possible Refluxed Absorber configurations are listed below: + Partial condenser with vapor overhead but no side liquid (distillate) draw. + Partial condenser with both vapor overhead and distillate draws. + Total condenser with distillate but no vapor overhead draw. Distillation Template If you select the Distillation template, HYSYS creates a Column with both a Reboiler and Condenser. The equipment and streams in the Distillation template are therefore a combination of the Reboiled Absorber and Refluxed Absorber Templates Figure 2.13 Fees Note: The Column Input Expert for the Distillation column offers advanced pre-configurations for the reboiler including the HYSYS Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger. Refer to Column Property View for further details. Reflux Ratio The number of specifications for a column with both a Reboiler and Condenser depends on the condenser type. For a partial condenser, you must specify three specifications. For a total condenser, you must specify two specifications. The third default specification (in addition to Overhead Vapor Flow Rate and Side Liquid Draw) is the Reflux Ratio. - Reflux (4) Reflux Ratio = 755 ovkaDistlate The Reflux Ratio is defined as the ratio of the liquid returning to the Tower divided by the total flow of the products (see the figure above). If a water draw is present, its flow is not included in the ratio.As with the Refluxed Absorber, the Distillation template can have either a Partial or Total Condenser. Choosing a Partial Condenser results in three replaceable specifications, while a Total Condenser results in two replaceable specifications. The pressure in the tower is, in essence, a replaceable specification, in that you can change the pressure for any stage from the Column property view. Note: The pressure remains fixed during the Column calculations. The following table gives a summary of replaceable column (default) specifications for the basic column templates. Templates Vapor Draw Distillate Draw __ Reflux Ratio Reboiled Absorber Refluxed Absorber Total Condenser x Partial Condenser x x Distillation Total Condenser Partial Condenser x x x Three Phase Distillation Template If you select the Three Phase Distillation template, HYSYS creates a Column based on a three phase column model. Note: The same standard column types exist for a three phase system that are available for the “normal” two phase (binary) systems. Using the Three Phase Column Input Expert, the initial property view allows you to select from the following options: + Distillation + Refluxed Absorber «+ Reboiled Absorber + Absorber Each choice builds the appropriate column based on their respective standard (two phase) system templates. If the Input Expert is turned off, installing a Three Phase column template opens a default Column property view for a Distillation type column equipped with a Reboiler and Condenser, The key difference between using the standard column templates and their three phase counterparts lies in the solver that is used. The default solver for three phase columns is the “Sparse Continuation” solver which is an advanced solver designed to handle three phase, non-ideal chemical systems, that other solvers cannot. When using the Three Phase Column Input Expert some additional specifications can be required when compared with the standard (binary system) column setups Clicking the Side Ops button on the final page of the Three Phase Column Input Expert opens the Side Operations Input Expert wizard, which guides you through the process of adding a side operation to your column.