LESSON NOTES

Idioms And Phrases #1

It's Cool!

CONTENTS
1 Introduction
2 Korean Hangul
2 Romanization
3 English
4 Vocabulary
5 Sample Sentences
6 Grammar
8 Cultural Insight

# 1
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INTRODUCTION

This is the 1st lesson in the Idioms and Phrases series.

KOREAN HANGUL

1. (상황1)

2. (1)아빠: 자.. 밥 먹자. 와! 오늘은 김치찌개? 김치찌개 좋아 좋아 좋아. (한 숟

갈 떠 먹어 보고) 아... 시원하다.

3. (2)아들: 아빠, 진짜 시원해? 나도... (먹어 보고) 앗! 뜨거! 아빠 뜨겁잖아!

4. (상황2)

5. (3)아빠: 아... 피곤하다! 아들! 아빠 등에 마사지 좀 해 줄래?

6. (4)아들: 네!

7. (5)아빠: 아! 시원하다!

8. (6)아들: 에??? 마사지가 시원해?

9. (상황3)

10. (7)아들: 아빠. 배고파. 밥 안 먹어?

11. (8)아빠: 그럴까? 시원한 국물이 먹고 싶은데...

12. (9)아들: (헷갈려서) 시원한 국물이면... 뜨거운 거야, 차가운 거야?

ROMANIZATION

CONT'D OVER

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1. (sanhwang1)

2. (1)APPA: ja... bab meokja. wa!oneul-eun gimchijjigae joha joha joha. (han
sutgal tteo meogeo bogo) a... siwonhada.

3. (2)ADEUL: appa, jinjja siwonhae? nado... (meogeo bogo) a! tteugeo! appa

tteugeopjanha!

4. (sanghwang2)

5. (3)APPA: a pigonhada! adeul! appa deung-e masaji jom hae jullae?

6. (4)ADEUL: ne!

7. (5)APPA: a! siwonhada!

8. (6)ADEUL: e??? masaji-ga siwonhae?

9. (sanhwang3)

10. (7)ADEUL: appa. baegopa. bab an meogeo?

11. (8)APPA: geureolkka? siwonhan gungmul-i meokgo sipeunde...

12. (9)ADEUL: (hetgallyeoseo) siwonhan gungmul-imyeon... tteugeoun geoya,

chagaun geoya?

ENGLISH

1. (Situation 1)

CONT'D OVER

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2. (1)FATHER: Hey... let's eat! Wow! We're having Kimchi jjigae today? I love
Kimchi jjigae! (after having one spoonful of the soup) Oh... "this is so
cool".

3. (2)SON: Dad, is it really cool? I want some too.... (after eating the soup) Ah
it's hot!! Dad, it's hot!!

4. (Situation 2)

5. (3)FATHER: Ah... I'm tired. Son! Can you give daddy some massage on the
back?

6. (4)SON: Sure!

7. (5)FATHER: Ah... "It's cool".

8. (6)SON: Huh? The massage is cool?

9. (Situation 3)

10. (7)SON: Dad, I'm hungry. Aren't we going to eat?

11. (8)FATHER: Shall we? I want to have some 'cool' soup.

12. (9)SON: (In confusion) Cool soup... you mean hot or cold?

VOCABULARY

Hangul R omanization English

진짜 jinjja really

뜨겁다 tteugeopda to be hot

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 피곤하다 pigonhada to be tired

마사지 masaji massage

아빠 appa father

등 deung back (of the body)

차갑다 chagapda to be cold

밥 bap meal, rice

국물 gungmul soup, broth, sauce, juice

오늘 oneul today

김치찌개 gimchijjiae kimchi stew

좋다 jota to be good, to like

시원하다 siwonhada to be cool, to be refreshing

아들 adeul son

SAMPLE SENTENCES

진짜 시원하다! 뜨거운 라면
tteugeoun ramyeon
"It's really cool."
"Hot ramyeon."

어제는 피곤해서 일찍 잤어. 오늘 너무 피곤해요.

eoje-neun pigon-haeseo iljjik jasseo. oneul neomu pigonhaeyo.

"I was tired yesterday, so I went to bed "I'm so tired today."

early."

마사지 좀 해 주세요. 아빠는 지금 집에 있어요.

masaji jom hae juseyo.
"My father is at home now."
"Please give me a massage."

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등이 가려워요. 차가운 물을 마시고 싶어요.
deung-i garyeowoyo.
"I want to drink some cold water."
"My back is itching."

샤워하고 저녁 밥 먹어. 밥 먹었어요?

showohago jeoneyok bap meokeo bab meogeosseoyo?

"Take a shower and eat dinner." "Did you eat?"

멸치를 넣으면 국물이 맛있어요. 너 오늘도 늦게 왔어!

myeolchi-reul neo-eumyeon gukmul-i masisseoyo.
"You are late again today!"
"If you put in some anchovies, the soup is
delicious."

오늘 몇 시까지 일해요? 김치찌개는 돼지고기를 함께 넣고 끓이면

o-neul myeot si-kka-ji il-hae-yo? 더욱 맛있습니다.
gimchijjigaeneun dwaejigogireul hamkke neoko
"What time are you working until today?" kkeurimyeon deouk mannitseumnida.

"Kimchi soup can be more delicious if you

add pork and boil it together."

김치찌개 좋아해요? 날씨가 좋으니까 소풍 가요.

gimchi jjigae joahaeyo? nalssi-ga joeunikka sopung gayo

"Do you like Kimchi stew?" "Since the weather is nice, let's go on a
picnic."

저는 한국어 선생님을 좋아해요. 그는 늘 자신의 아들을 대견하게 생각한다.

jeo-neun hangugeo seonsaengnim-eul joahaeyo. geuneun neul jasinui adeureul daegyeonhage
saenggakhanda.
"I like the Korean teacher."
"He is always so proud of his son."

GRAMMAR

This lesson introduced the (1) plain declarative and (2) how to conjugate a descriptive verb to
modify a noun.

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Grammar Point #1 - Plain Declarative - -다

In Korean, adjectives are more accurately called "descriptive verbs" because they are
conjugated in the same way as other verbs. As this is the case, all descriptive verbs have a
dictionary form. And when a descriptive verb is used in its dictionary form, it is in the plain
declarative.

A plain declarative sentence is used to make a neutral statement about a fact. It can be a
statement about a speaker's observation or thought. It is much like thinking to oneself, out
loud. Statements in this form are about the speakers observation or thought in the present.

It is not directed towards anyone in particular (including oneself), thus it cannot be

categorized according to politeness level. However, it is closer to the intimate politeness level
more than the other politeness levels because it is much like thinking out loud.

Construction: Descriptive Verb Stem + 다 (This is exactly the same as the dictionary form.) 바쁘
다 (bappeuda) - to be busy 바쁘 (bappeu) - verb stem 바쁘 + 다 = 바쁘다 (bappeuda) - busy
(plain declarative form)

Sample Sentences: 1.눈이 예쁘다. (nun-i yeppeuda.) The snow is pretty.

2.키가 크다. (ki-ga keuda.) You're tall.

In this conversation:

1.시원하다 (siwonhada) - It's refreshing (it feels good).

Grammar Point #2 - Descriptive Verbs Modifying a Noun - -(은)ㄴ

Besides working like regular verbs, descriptive nouns can also proceed a noun that comes
right after, with a little conjugation to the verb ending.

Descriptive verbs can be made in noun modifiers and describe the nouns directly. The verb
acts as an adjective to modify a noun that must follow immediately.

The translation for descriptive verbs typically start with "to be (adjective)." This construction
would remove "to be..." from the literal translation.

Example: 작다 (jakda) - to be small 작은 (jakeun) - [a] small [noun]

Construction: Verb stem + -ㄴ(은)

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-은 (-eun) is attached to descriptive verb stems that end in consonants. (Example) 좋다 (johta)
- to be good 좋 (joh) - verb stem 좋 + 은 = 좋은 (joheun) 좋은 [명사] - (a) good [noun] 좋은 사람
(joheun saram) - a good person

-ㄴ (-n) is attached to descriptive verb stems that end in vowels. 나쁘다 (nappeuda) - to be bad
나쁘 (nappeu) - verb stem 나쁘 + ㄴ = 나쁜 (nappeun) 나쁜 [명사] - (a) bad [noun] 나쁜 사람
(nappeun saram) - a bad person

Sample Sentences:

1.큰 사과 주세요. (keun sahwa juseyo) Please give me a big apple.

2.이 사람은 바쁜 사람이에요. (i saram-eun bappeun saram-ieyo.) This person is a busy person.

3.이상한 질문이 있는데요. (isanghan jilmun-i itneundeyo.) I have a strange question.

In this conversation:

시원한 국물 (siwonhan gungmul) - refreshing soup 시원하다 (siwonhada) - to be cool, to be

refreshing, to be revitalizing

뜨거운 거 (tteugeoun geo) - hot thing 뜨겁다 (tteugeopda) - to be hot

차가운 거 (chagaun geo) - cold thing 차갑다 (chagapda) - to be cold

Note: The verbs stems for both 뜨겁다 (tteugeopda) and 차갑다 (chagapda) end with ㅂ (p).
Sometimes ㅂ (p) is replaced with 우 (u), as was the case in the examples above.

CULTURAL INSIGHT

The dictionary definition of 시원하다 is "to be cool" as in temperature. But in Korea this word is
actually used to express many other things as well. In today's dialogs between the father and
the son, the son is very confused about what his father is trying to say because he's still a little
child and not used to this kind of cultural term, but that is exactly the same way that most
children get to learn cultural idioms of their mother tongue. Besides the meaning "to be cool",
시원하다 can also mean "to be refreshing" or "to feel good," so ironically, even when talking
about some food that is really hot and spicy like 김치찌개(kimchi jjigae - kimchi stew), Korean
people often say it's 시원하다 (it's cool) because it feels good and refreshing. In the first
situation, the son is upset at his father because he took what his father said literally and
carelessly swallowed the hot soup and burned the inside of his mouth. In the second

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situation, the son doesn't understand why or how a massage can be described with a
temperature term. In the third situation, the son is now very confused about this word itself,
and asking his father, "which one do you mean this time, hot or cold?" Examples where the
adjective 시원하다 means 'to be cool.' 시원한 바람 = cool breeze, cool wind 시원한 사무실 = an
office where it's not hot, and cool 오늘 날씨가 정말 시원해요. = The weather is very cool today.
Examples where the adjective 시원하다 means 'to feel good.' 아! 이 라면 국물 진짜 시원하다 =
This ramyeon soup is really delicious and makes me feel good. 목욕하고 나니까 정말 시원해! =
I've taken a bath and I feel so good and refreshed! 마사지를 받았는데 정말 시원했어. = I got a
massage and it felt so good.

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