speed of 118 to 184 kph or 64 - 99

TYPHOON knots. SUPER TYPHOON (STY) - a

Typhoon or hurricane, is an intense
circular storm that originates over
warm tropical oceans and is
characterized by low atmospheric
pressure, high winds, and heavy rain.
Drawing energy from the sea surface
and maintaining its strength as long as
it remains over warm water, a tropical
cyclone generates winds that exceed
119 km (74 miles) per hour. In extreme
cases winds may exceed 240 km (150
miles) per hour, and gusts may surpass
320 km (200 miles) per hour.
Accompanying these strong winds are
torrential rains and a devastating
phenomenon known as the storm
surge, an elevation of the sea surface
that can reach 6 metres (20feet) above
normal levels.
tropical cyclone with maximum wind
speed exceeding 185 kph or more than
100 knots.
SUPER TYPHOON (STY) -
a tropical cyclone with maximum
windspeed exceeding 185 kph or more
than 100 knots
Thunderstorm
Thunderstorm, a violent short-lived
weather disturbance that is almost
always associated with lightning,
thunder, dense clouds, heavy rain or
hail, and strong gusty winds.

Classifications.of
Typhoons
TROPICAL DEPRESSION (TD) - a
tropical cyclone with maximum
How Thunderstorms is
sustained winds of up to 62 kilometers
per hour (kph) or less than 34 nautical
formed
miles per hour (knots). Thunderstorms arise when layers of
warm, moist air rise in a large, swift
updraft to cooler regions of the
TROPICAL STORM (TS) -
atmosphere. There the moisture
a tropical cyclone with maximum wind containedin the updraft condenses to
speed of 62 to 88 kph or 34-47 knots. form towering cumulonimbus clouds
SEVERE TROPICAL STORM (STS), a and eventually
tropical cyclone with maximum wind
speed of 87 to 117 kph or 48 - 63 knots.

FLASHFLOOD
TYPHOON (TY) -
A flash flood is a rapid flooding of low-
a tropical cyclone with maximum wind lying areas: washes, rivers, dry lakes
and depressions. It may be caused by
heavy rain associated with a severe
thunderstorm, hurricane, or tropical
storm, or by meltwater from ice or
snow flowing over ice sheets or
snowfields.
What causes flash floods and
Most flash flooding is caused by slow-
moving thunderstorms, thunderstorms
repeatedly moving over the same area,
or heavy rains from hurricanes and
tropical storms. Floods, on the other
hand, can be slow- or fast-rising, but
generally develop over a period of
hours or days.
A flash flood occurs when water
overflows on or inundates land that is
normally dry. Rivers can overflow their
banks to cause flooding, and sea
waters can be pushed towards land by
massive winds, which then causes
flooding. Rainfalls over an extended
period can cause major rivers to
overflow their banks.
overflows on or inundates land that is
normally dry. Rivers can overflow
wetheir banks to cause flooding, and
sea waters can be pushed towards land
by massive winds, which then causes
flooding. Rainfalls over an extended
period can cause major rivers to
overflow their banks.
Flash flood effects
Flash floods can roll boulders, tear out
trees, destroy buildings and bridges,
and scour out new channels. Rapidly
rising water can reach heights of 30
feet or more. Furthermore, flash flood-
producing rains can also trigger
catastrophic mud slides.
The basic definition of a thunderstorm
is a
storm containing lightning and
thunder. Thunderstorms come in a
variety of shapes and sizes, but there
are four categories in which
thunderstorms generally fall. They are:
single cells, multi-cell clusters, multi-
cell lines, and supercells. Each category
is unique and can be either visually
identified in the field or by looking at
radar images. Below are basic
definitions and examples of these kinds
of thunderstorms.
Single Cell Thunderstorm
Single cell thunderstorms are
sometimes referred to as "airmass",
"popcorn", or "pulse" thunderstorms,
and usually do not produce severe
weather. They often form in regions of
warm, moist air with no strong fronts
in the area. Each thunderstorm follows
the life cycle of a typical thunderstorm
with development, maturity, and decay
occurring over a period of time. Single
cell thunderstorms are sometimes
referred to as "airmass", "popcorn", or
"pulse" thunderstorms, and usually do
not produce severe weather. They often
form in regions of warm, moist air with
no strong fronts in the area. Each
thunderstorm follows the life cycle of a
typical thunderstorm with
development, maturity, and decay
occurring over a period of 30 minutes
to an hour. They may contain heavy
rain and can also produce occasional
downbursts, small hail, and (rarely)
weak tornadoes, but these are fairly
rare in single cell storms.
MULTICELL LINE STORM
(SQUALL LINE)
Multi-cell lines are like multi-cell
clusters except that they form in a line
rather than in a group together. These
lines of storms are often called squall
lines and they can stretch up to several
hundred miles long. The gust front in
squall lines is focused mostly ahead of
the storms rather than spreading out in
all directions. The most dangerous
feature with squall lines are often the
winds, as winds with these lines can
sometimes exceed over 70 mph. Other
threats include isolated tornadoes,
hail, and flash flooding. Squall lines
most often form in the warm, moist air
ahead of an advancing cold front and
can move through several hours before
the
main front passes.
Supercells
Supercells are the most dangerous kind
of thunderstorms as they can produce
large hail, dangerous winds, and
violent tornadoes. In 2009, a supercell
in Aurora, Nebraska dropped hail so
large that it left holes in a roof of a
house that were big enough to crawl
through! Other supercells that day
produced tornadoes in Kansas and
Nebraska, but luckily no one got hurt.
Thankfully, supercells are one of the
rarest kind of thunderstorms that exist,
and only form under certain conditions.
What makes a supercell unique from all
other thunderstorms is the presence of
a mesocyclone. A mesocyclone is
basically an area of strong updrafts
which spin as the air moves upwards.
The main way mesocyclones form are
from the wind shear in the 2009, a
supercell in Aurora, Nebraska dropped
hail so large that it left holes in a roof
of a house that were big enough to
crawl through! Other supercells that
day produced tornadoes in Kansas and
Nebraska, but luckily no one got hurt.
Thankfully, supercells are one of the
rarest kind of thunderstorms that exist,
and only form under certain conditions.
What makes a supercell unique from all
other thunderstorms is the presence of
a mesocyclone. A mesocyclone is
basically an area of strong updrafts
which spin as the air moves upwards.
The main way mesocyclones form are
from the wind shear in the
atmosphere. On radar, supercells can
often be seen in a typical "hook echo"
pattern, which shows a rain-free area
right where the strongest updraft is
occurring. The large hail and/or
tornadoes are most often found in the
wrap-around hook near the back of the
storm as it is seen on radar.
Thunderstorms arise when layers of
warm, moist air rise in a large, swif
updraft to cooler regions of the
atmosphere. There the moisture
contained in the updraft condenses to
form towering cumulonimbus clouds
and, eventually, precipitation. Columns
of cooled air then sink earthward,
striking the ground with strong
downdrafts and horizontal winds. At
the same time, electrical charges
accumulate on cloud particles (water
droplets and ice). Lightning discharges
occur when the accumulated electric
charge becomes sufficiently large.
Lightning beate the air it passes
Flash flood effects
Flash floods can roll boulders, tear out
trees, destroy buildings and bridges,
and scour out new channels. Rapidly
rising water can reach heights of 30
feet or more. Furthermore, flash flood-
producing rains can also trigger
catastrophic mud slides.
Significance
Thunderstorms help transfer the
negative charges back to earth
(lightning is generally negatively
charged). Without thunderstorms and
lightning, the earth-atmosphere
electrical balance would disappear in
five minutes! We aren't really sure
what would happen if this balance
wasn't maintained.
Effects of thunderstorms
Strong winds, hail, and tornadoes are
also dangers associated with some
thunderstorms.Every thunderstorm
produces lightning, which kills more
people each year than tornadoes.
Heavy rain from thunderstorms can
lead to flash flooding.
Cause of typhoon
Typhoon forms when winds blow into
areas of the ocean where the water is
warm. These winds collect moisture
and rise, while colder air moves in
below. This creates pressure, which
causes the winds to move very quickly.
The winds rotate, or spin, around a
center called an eye
Effects of typhoon
Hurricanes and typhoons can cause
catastrophic damage to coastlines and
several hundred miles inland. They can
produce winds exceeding 155 miles per
hour as well as tornadoes and
microbursts. Additionally, hurricanes
and typhoons can create storm surges
along the coast and cause extensive
damage from heavy rainfall.
Effects of thunderstorms
Every thunderstorm produces lightning,
which kills more people each year than
tornadoes. Heavy rain from
thunderstorms can lead to flash
flooding. Strong winds, hail, and
tornadoes are also dangers associated
with some thunderstorms.
Cause of thunderstorms
Thunderstorms form when warm,
moist air rises into cold air. The warm
air becomes cooler, which causes
moisture, called water vapor, to form
small water droplets — a process called
condensation. The cooled air drops
lower in the atmosphere, warms, and
rises again.

HYDROMETEOR LOGICAL
HAZARDS