International conference on Signal Processing, Communication, Power and Embedded System (SCOPES)-2016

Integration of Smart Grid with Renewable Energy

for Energy Demand Management:Puducherry Case
Study

Surekha S. Bhalshankar Dr C.S.Thorat

National Institute of Electronics and Information Government Polytechnic, Nagpur
Technology (BAMU) Aurangabad Nagpur, Maharashtra India
Aurangabad, Maharashtra India csthorat@yahoo.com
surekha.bhalshankar60@gmail.com

Abstract—In 21st Century traditional electric grid is unable to
meet new challenges of world regarding reliable, efficient & clean
energy. Therefore new advanced version or modernization of
traditional electrical grid is necessary to overcome such
problems. And the smart grid is the solution. Smart grid is
nothing but future vision of traditional electrical grid. Smart grid
technology gives roadmap for efficient, reliable & clean future
electric power delivery system. This paper addresses role of
smart grid in the effective integration of renewable energy to
meet growing energy demand management. Now it’s possible to
manage energy demand of booming population by using smart
home technology. Smart home technology emerging from smart
grid sector contributes effective energy management by using
concept of home area network (HAN). In the home area network
(HAN) smart home appliances & smart meters communicate
intelligently to manage Peak electric demand.
Keywords—Smart grid; renewable energy; distributed
generation;energy demand managemnt; microgride
which is designed for two way communication which is
integration of traditional electric grid & information
technology. Smart grid contributes less Carbon footprints by
integrating renewable generation or distributed generation
with the grid. After pollution second biggest problem is that to
meet demand of electrical power of booming population.
When renewable energy integrated with smart grid
technology, micro-grid concept comes in picture. A microgrid
is an advanced, intellectual, localized, small scale grid which
can be disconnected from centralized grid and operates
autonomously. Now it’s possible to manage energy demand of
booming population by using smart grid technology. Smart
home technology emerging from smart grid sector contributes
effective energy management by using concept of home area
network (HAN). In the home area network (HAN) smart home
appliances & smart meters communicate intelligently to
manage Peak electric demand [2],[5].
II. MOTIVATION FOR PUDUCHEERY CASE STUDY

I. INTRODUCTION A. Environmental Ramifications in India due to Nonrenwable

World’s population is odd on to swell ever higher Power Plants
rate which leads to rapid industrialization & its final impact on
high demand of electrical power. In the world non-renewable
In India, Renewable power plant contributes only 28% of total
energy resources are very limited & soon it’s going to vanish.
installed capacity & remaining i.e.72% by non-renewable
Again non-renewable energy resources contribute major
power plants. Traditionally, Indian power plants use fossil
environmental hazards like green house effect. It’s time to
fuels like coal & oil for power generation. Fossil fuels cause
move towards Green-Clean power i.e. renewable energy
extremely large hazards to the environment by emission of
resources to save earth from environmental adverse effect. In
carbon dioxides. According to Study of Greenpeace, in
the last century, major use of electricity was just light the
developing country like India Thermal coal power plants
bulbs. But 21st century with the development in technology
contributes major deaths and health hazards of millions people
demand of electricity continuously booming. Today’s world
every year. The Greenpeace environmental organization gives
needs electric power system which supply clean, green,
affirmation by collecting 111 major power plants data, that
reliable, economic & efficient electric power. But for this
combustion of coal enhanced greenhouse effect by 60% in
purpose traditional electric grid is outdated. So new advanced,
India & there is neither any regulation nor any preventive
modern, version of electric grid is necessary to overcome all
measures on pollution control. Backbone of India’s power
these problems & Smart grid is the solution.
sector is coal fired plants. In the world After China India hold
In this paper, we contribute optimal energy
second position in the largest coal burner country, 210 GW
demand management by Smart grid which offers best solution
electric power from coal a year. Study of Greenpeace
for all problems which are facing by using traditional electric
environmental organization highlights carbon footprints by
grid. Its offers future vision & roadmap of Indian traditional
thermal power plants and its environmental issue in India [7].
electric grid. Smart grid is nothing but modern electric grid

978-1-5090-4620-1/16/$31.00 ©2016 IEEE

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International conference on Signal Processing, Communication, Power and Embedded System (SCOPES)-2016
Coal electricity generation accounts 80% of greenhouse gases
emission amongst overall electricity generation and major
health hazards. Approximately in India 120,000 people kill in
every year because of the coal electricity generation. The
hazardous air pollutants from coal power plants spread wide
range of health problems. India’s ever booming
industrialization responsible for causing a public health crisis
with 80-120,000 premature deaths and 20 million new asthma
cases a year due to hazardous air pollutants from coal fired
plants. Vinuta Gopal of Greenpeace said: “The ongoing coal
expansion create major bad impacts on the environment and
stress out ecosystem which is irrational & dangerous. Large
coal mining has assessed impacts of destroying India’s forests,
tribal communities & endangered species. Low carbon contain
coal has unable to full-fill the energy security. India has to
take some efficiency measures, wind, biomass and solar”[7].
Fig. 1. New Delhi children take anti-smog precautions, Photograph
The World Nuclear Association synchronized
review of over twenty studies analyzing the greenhouse gas
emissions produced by different forms of electricity
generation. The results summarized below. The study
indicates that generating electricity from coal result in
greenhouse gas emission far higher than when using nuclear or
renewable generation [8].
Fig. 2. World Nuclear Association review for Greenhouse Gas emission
B. Unplanned Black-Outs, Power Shortage & Power theft
India is one of the fast developing country of the
world. Now days India is moving rapidly towards fast
industrialization. In the power sector generation and
consumption India is on third rank after the United States and
China. But however, in India the electrical infrastructure
facing problems of overloading of existing electric networks,
inadequate planning and design of power system. Generally
today’s traditional electric power grid considered it is
unreliable. On 30 and 31 July 2012 two severe power
blackouts had given warning bells to India for a complete
cosmetic changeover with advanced smart grid technology.
The 30 July 2012 blackout affected over 300 million people
and was briefly the largest power outage in history. The nation
suffers from frequent power outages that last as long as 10
hours. To effective manage the power supply [9].
Fig. 3. July, 2012 power blackout in India
III. RENEWABLE INTEGATION WITH SMART GRID :MICROGRID
Today’s power system is dominated by centralized
grid in which electrical power distributed by Macro-grid. But
with the use of macro-grid it’s quite impossible to control
power loss, energy demand management and global green-
house gases emission. To overcome drawbacks of macro-grid
a new technology that is micro-grid comes in existence.
Microgrid is an advanced, intellectual, localized, small scale
grid which can be disconnected from centralized grid and
operates autonomously. Renewable energy/ distributed
generation (DG) integrated with smart grid technology operate
in standalone or parallel with Macro-grid in case of peak
demand and urgent cases is called micro-grid concept
[1],[10],[3].
Now India is also ready for playing major role
in Electrical Power grid development. India’s Central
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International conference on Signal Processing, Communication, Power and Embedded System (SCOPES)-2016

Government Company Power Grid Corporation of India leads to reducing costs and enhancing reliability as well power
limited is undertaking Puducheery Smart Grid Pilot project. quality.
Under this pilot project microgrid has been developed for five
residential smart home consumers. At Puducheery Micro-grid
system consist of distributed generation (DG) plants, power
converters, Information Technology network, and Smart
electrical network with intelligent Home equipments. Here
renewable energy resources that are Solar-photovoltaic
system, micro wind and mini combined heat and power
biomass are preferred for distributed generation (DG) of
electrical power. In this total 20kilowatts Tri-hybrid
distributed generation plant solar power contributes
10kilowatts, wind turbine 5kilowatts and biomass gasifier for
5kilowatts.variable speed turbines are used for distributed
generation because renewable energy resources are uncertain
and intermittent by nature. Variable speed turbine mostly
designs to get maximum efficiency from wide range of speed.
Distribution generation is on-side generation i.e. power
generation at the consumer side by using renewable resources
[1],[3].

Fig. 5. Concept of Microgrid Technology

IV. ENERGY DEMAND MANAGEMENT BY SMART HOME

TECHNOLOGY

To meet growing energy demand of booming population;

Fig. 4. Puducheery Micro-grid layout schematic representation
Here power conversion from AC to DC and again
into AC for wind, small hydro & biomass distributed
generation. But for solar it’s DC-AC for grid connection.
Power electronic converts are used to interface between
renewable energy resources and power grid. Reactive power
output is controlled by power electronic converters; again it’s
followed by network voltage and real power as well. Micro-
grid is combination of small scale renewable energy sources &
communication system which can operates independently or
with conjunction with main electric grid. Micro-grid operates
autonomously. On-side generation small scale Distribution
generation with the help of renewable sources like wind, solar
and biomass can be intended as back-up power or to boost the
main power grid during periods of peak demand. Microgrid
enables consumers to generate their own power which further
there must be some advanced technology with the help of it at
the end of consumer side optimize use of energy can possible.
Smart home technology is the best suited technology to
optimism the energy demand at the consumer side. Smart
home technology emerging from smart grid sector contributes
effective energy management by using concept of home area
network (HAN).Smart Home is a future home which is
designed to proper energy demand management by using
smart meters & smart appliances. Home area network makes
the intelligent combination & control between smart
appliances with smart metering system. In the home area
network (HAN) smart home appliances & smart meters
communicate intelligently to manage Peak electric demand.
A. Smart Home
At Puducheery single family 2BHK
(2Bedroom, Hall & Kitchen) smart home developed as pilot
project for energy demand management study. The main aim
of this study is to analysis effectiveness of intelligent home
appliances for peak energy demand management. In Smart
home, information and communication technology is used in
houses, where intelligent home appliances & smart meter are
communicating via a home area network. In home area
network, intelligent home appliances can able to make
intelligent decision according to peak load. These home
appliances report their energy consumption to the home
energy controller and respond to its commands. This

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International conference on Signal Processing, Communication, Power and Embedded System (SCOPES)-2016
technology allows accessing and operating home appliances
smartly & optimally to save electricity. Smart home
appliances also used for monitoring, warn and carry out
functions according to selected criteria of consumers. This
technology also makes the automatic communication with
electricity utility to manage peak load demand of electricity.
At Puducheery pilot project, many electric loads like TV,
refrigerator, two CFL, washing machine, dish washer, fans &
thermal loads are used in study of efficient electricity
management during peak hours. By using intelligent home
appliances auto-scheduling & time priority based use of
washing machine, dish washer, & thermal loads are possible.
During peak energy demand, power tariff has high rates. So
auto-scheduling & time priority based use of home appliances
reduce electricity bills by shifting loads from peak hours to
non-peak hours. With smart sensors data analysis of room
temperature, light intensity & humidity carried out daily bases.
After that data of all there parameters transmitted to central
computation system. In central computation system, on the
basis of data proposed algorithm can perform load control &
shifting of loads from peak hours to non-peak hours. This task
of load management can be achieved by taking into account of
user comfort with least electricity bill [5],[4].
Fig. 6. Smart Home Puducheery smart grid pilot project
Fig. 7. Smart Home model for Puducheery smart grid pilot project
B. Smart Meters
Smart meter is digital meter which is used to
record consumption of electrical power with advanced
intelligent and communication system. It measures
instantaneous power, amount of energy consumed, pf, reactive
power, system voltage and frequency with high accuracy.
Advanced feature of smart meter is that it can communicate
with smart home appliances and utility. Smart meter enables
give and take of digital information between utility and smart
home appliances i.e. two way communication between smart
home appliances, smart meter and utility. This system is
known as advanced metering infrastructure (AMI). AMI
technology supports to demand side management. It stores
data at specific interval and transmit it to utility control center
for demand side management and other demand management
applications. DLMS/COSEM data transfer protocol is
developed as standard for data transfer between meters to
DCU/Smart grid center. In Smart meters human-machine
interaction makes possible by using key pad or touch screen.
For example, by changing the setting of a smart meter user can
select the smart appliance to be controlled or to select make
payment options [5],[6].
Fig. 8. Smart meter
C. Energy Demand Management of Smart Home
The Smart meter enables give and take of digital
information between utility and smart home appliances i.e.
two way communication between smart home appliances,
smart meter and utility. This system is known as advanced
metering infrastructure (AMI). AMI technology supports to
demand side management. It stores data at specific interval
and transmit it to utility control center for demand side
management and other demand management applications. The
different components of AMI are electronic meter module,
network system and software. All these components of AMI
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 International conference on Signal Processing, Communication, Power and Embedded System (SCOPES)-2016
are combined together with communication path and sensor
nodes for interval data measurement. Two type of information
infrastructure are needed for information flow in AMI. First
from sensors and electrical appliance to smart meters called
home area network (HAN) and second between smart meters
to utility data center. First data flow is accomplished through
power line communication or wireless communication like
ZigBee, RF [5].
Fig. 9. Advanced Metering Infrastructure System
Fig. 10. Advanced Metering Infrastructure signal flow diagram
V. CONCLUSION
The smart grid power system will give
advanced facility to electric consumers to adjust their power
consumption according to peak load condition. So consumers
can directly contribute energy demand side management.
Smart Grid technology also offers some benefits like saving
energy bill for households. Consumers play greater role for
shifting their peak hour load to non peak hours. Again
integration of smart grid with renewable energy resources
contributes clean-green energy to reduce hazardous impact on
environment
The major drawbacks of traditional power grid
distribution are centralized power generation and long-
distance low voltage power distribution to consumers. In
smart grids with distributed generation, power transmission
will be in both directions, rather than the traditional one.
Smart grids integrate a variety of renewable resources for
power generation. Smart grid thus decentralizes power
generation. Thus, smart grids have network-wide distributed
energy generation. Integrate demand response and demand-
side resources.Increase overall generation by the connection of
generators of all sizes and technologies.Reduce the
environmental impact of the grid by incorporating renewable
energy sources.Provide high levels of system reliability,
quality and security of supply.
References
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[7] http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/mar/10/india-coal-plants-
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