THE UNIVERSITY OF LAHORE

ASSIGMENT OF EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE

ASSIGNMENT TOPIC:
PRINCIPALS OF INVOLVING CLIENTS IN DECISION MAKING
SUBMITTED TO:
MA’AM AZMAT
SUBMITTED BY:
FAIZA NASRULLAH
DEPARTMENT:
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH OF PROFESSIONAL TECHNOLOGIES
BACHEOLAR’S:
RESPIRATORY THERAPY
SEMESTER:
SIX
REG #/ SAP #
BSRPT02191005/70107930
 PRINCIPALS OF INVOLVING CLIENTS IN DECISION MAKING
Decision making is the process of making choices by identifying a decision, gathering information, and
assessing alternative resolutions. Using a step-by-step decision-making process can help you make more
deliberate, thoughtful decisions by organizing relevant information and defining alternatives.
Decision-making can be regarded as a problem-solving activity yielding a solution deemed to be optimal, or
at least satisfactory. It is therefore a process which can be more or less rational or irrational and can be based
on explicit or tacit knowledge and beliefs. Tacit knowledge is often used to fill the gaps in complex
decision-making processes. Usually, both of these types of knowledge, tacit and explicit, are used together
in the decision-making process.

Human performance has been the subject of active research from several perspectives:

• Psychological: examining individual decisions in the context of a set of needs, preferences and
values the individual has or seeks.
• Cognitive: the decision-making process is regarded as a continuous process integrated in the
interaction with the environment.
• Normative: the analysis of individual decisions concerned with the logic of decision-making,
or communicative rationality, and the invariant choice it leads to.
• CHARACTERISTICS OF DECISION-MAKING
1. Objectives must first be established
2. Objectives must be classified and placed in order of importance
3. Alternative actions must be developed
4. The alternatives must be evaluated against all the objectives
5. The alternative that is able to achieve all the objectives is the tentative decision
6. The tentative decision is evaluated for more possible consequences
• METHOD FOR RATIONAL DECISION MAKING
 THE SEVEN PRINCIPLES OF DECISION MAKING AND CONSENT
1. Principle One:
All patients have the right to be involved in decisions about their treatment and care and be
supported to make informed decisions if they are able.
2. Principle Two:
Decision making is an ongoing process focused on meaningful dialogue: the exchange of relevant
information specific to the individual patient.
3. Principle Three:
All patients have the right to be listened to, and to be given the information they need to make a decision
and the time and support they need to understand it.
4. Principle Four:
Doctors must try to find out what matters to patients so they can share relevant information about the
benefits and harms of proposed options and reasonable alternatives, including the option to take no
action.
5. Principle Five:
Doctors must start from the presumption that all adult patients have capacity to make decisions about
their treatment and care. A patient can only be judged to lack capacity to make a specific decision at
a specific time, and only after assessment in line with legal requirements.
6. Principle Six:
The choice of treatment or care for patients who lack capacity must be of overall benefit to them, and
decisions should be made in consultation with those who are close to them or advocating for them.
7. Principle Seven:
Patients whose right to consent is affected by law should be supported to be involved in the decision-
making process, and to exercise choice if possible.