Diapo PR Le Truc A Faire

10/10/22
INTRODUCTION TO
EUROPEAN RESEARCH PROJECTS
October and November 2022
Landry Cochard – CEO Scinnov
Presentation
Who I am?
Landry COCHARD
– Graduated in 2001 from the Université of Rennes 1 – DEA de Droit Communautaire,

promotion Pascal Lamy.
– Internship at the European Commission (DG TREN, now MOVE, Maritime policy unit).
– VIE at Schlumberger in Brussels (2002 – 2004).
– Co-owner and Director European Projects at Interface Europe (2004 – 2012).
– Senior Expert in European Research and Innovation (since 2013).
– Since 2013, owner and CEO of Scinnov (Brussels, Belgium)
– Since 2018, Scinnov is partnering with Euralia, a public-affairs company based in Brussels.
– Since 2022, owner and CEO of S&I Finances (Nantes, France)
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Author: Landry COCHARD – For education purpose only – Université de Rennes (France) – 10 October 2022
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Presentation
Strategies and funding for

research and innovation
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Content of the course
q Part 1 – European research policy and funding programmes.
q Part 2 – Definition and cycle of a European research project.
q Part 3 – How to build a European project?
q Part 4 – Contracts negotiation and management of a European project.
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Part 1
European research policy and funding programmes
Part 1 - European research policy and funding programmes

Agenda
✅ History and legal basis of the European Research Policy
q Evolution of the framework programmes (for information mostly)
q Horizon 2020 - 2013 – 2020 (for information only)
q Horizon Europe (2021 – 2027)
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History
Research in the European Treaties
1951 1958 1972 1986 2000
1992 2007
` Single European Act:
Treaty of Paris Proposal for a introduction of Title VI Adoption of the Treaty of Lisbon:
Treaty of Rome Treaty of Maastricht
(European Coal and (European Economic Community research 'Research and European Research research and space as a
and Area – Possibility to
Steel Community - Community - EEC): policy by the European Technological shared competence +
ECSC): Commission on the Development' (Articles establish of public-public ERA as a requirement.
No provision related to 1997 and public-private
Possibility for basis of Art 235 of the 130f to 130q) into the
research policy. EEC treaty (if action is Treaty of Amsterdam partnerships (Articles
establishing European EEC Treaty.
proved necessary). Legislative procedures 185 and 187 of the
research programmes Promote cooperation
for adoption of the Treaty on the
and coordination of Functioning of the
national research relevant provisions.
European Union, TFEU).
1982 - European policies > community
programme for framework programme
research and for research
development in
information 1994 - FP4 2013 - FP8
1987 - FP2 2002 - FP6
technology (Esprit) (Horizon 2020)
– Pilot project
1990 - FP3 1998 - FP5 2006 - FP7 2020 - FP9

1983 – FP1: First (Horizon Europe)
framework
programme for
Community
research,
development and
demonstration
activities
1984 – Esprit
programme
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History
Development of the articles on research in the Treaty
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History
The Research and Innovation policy in the Lisbon Treaty (2000)
– Adopted for 10 years.
– Economic modernization at the heart of the strategy for growth and
jobs.
– 7 actions identified: Knowledge
– Investing more in young people, Education, Research and Innovation to
generate wealth and provide security for every citizen.
– Opening up markets.
– Cutting red tape.
– Investing in modern infrastructure to help enterprises grow, innovate and
create jobs.
– Developing a skilled entrepreneurial workforce. Education Innovation
– Ensuring a society with high levels of employment, social protection and a
healthy entrepreneur environment.
– Explore the research results in a business way by creating new start ups.
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History
The Research and Innovation policy in the Lisbon Treaty (2004)
– Revision on the basis of the Kok report (2004).

– A stronger economy would create employment in the EU, alongside
inclusive social and environmental policies, which would themselves
drive economic growth even further. RESEARCH
– 7 actions adapted:
– Developing more coherence between policies in the fields of education,
research and innovation.
– Accelerating pedagogical reform. Growth
& jobs
– Partnership between universities and business and other relevant.
stakeholders.
– Measures to develop an innovation culture in universities. EDUCATION INNOVATION
– Creating incentives for universities to develop transferable knowledge.
– New approaches to quality assessment.
– Developing the European Institute of Technology.
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History
The Europe 2020 strategy (2010)
Strategy for a smart, sustainable and inclusive economy as a way to overcome the structural
weaknesses in Europe's economy, improve its competitiveness and productivity and underpin
a sustainable social market economy.
Targets around 5 main areas:
• Employment
• 75% of people aged 20–64 to be in work.
• Research and development (R&D)
• 3% of the EU's GDP to be invested in R&D.
• Climate change and energy
• greenhouse gas emissions 20% lower than 1990 levels.
• 20% of energy coming from renewables.
• 20% increase in energy efficiency.
• Education
• Rates of early school leavers below 10%.
• At least 40% of people aged 30–34 having completed higher education.
• Poverty and social exclusion
• at least 20 million fewer people in – or at risk of – poverty/social exclusion.
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History
7 flagships initiatives.
Innovation Union
• Improving the parameters and the availability of financial resources for research and
innovation, strengthen the innovation chain and increase certainty for investment and
innovation in the Union.
Youth on the move
• Make education systems more efficient and make European higher education more attractive
to international students, researchers and teachers.
Digital agenda for Europe
• Rapid dissemination of high-speed internet and use of benefits of a digital single market.
Resource-efficient Europe
• Decoupling economic growth and resource use through the use of low carbon technologies
and renewable energy, modern transport and the promotion of energy efficiency.
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History
7 flagships initiatives.
An industrial policy for the globalization era
• Improving the business environment (especially SMEs) by promoting a strong,

sustainable and internationally competitive industrial structure.
An agenda for new skills and jobs
• Modernization of labour markets through increased mobility of the workforce and lifelong
learning, higher employment rates and better matching of supply and demand in the
labour markets.
European platform against poverty
• Social and territorial cohesion, so that benefits of growth are shared by all, and all people
can live in dignity and take an active part in society.
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History
The Europe 2020 strategy > The Innovation Union Flagship (2010)
– 30 actions.
– 3 aims:
– Make Europe into a world-class science performer.
– Remove obstacles to innovation like expensive patenting, market fragmentation, slow standard-
setting and skills shortages.
– Revolutionise the way public and private sectors work together, notably through Innovation
Partnerships between the European institutions, national and regional authorities and business.
– Regular reports on flagship implementation (last dated 2015): follow-up on actions.
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History
The European Research Area (2012)
A unified research area open to the world and based on the internal market, that enables free
circulation of researchers, scientific knowledge and technology.
6 priorities:
– more effective national research systems;
– optimal transnational cooperation and competition, including optimal transnational
cooperation and competition and research infrastructures;
– an open labour market for researchers;
– gender equality and gender mainstreaming in research;
– optimal circulation, access to and transfer of scientific knowledge including knowledge
circulation and open access;
– international cooperation.
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History
The European Research Area (2012)
In 2015, the Council endorsed a ERA Roadmap 2015-2020, a living document to guide EU
countries in structuring their implementation of the ERA priorities at national level
The 2018 ERA Progress report was published in early 2019.
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History
The High-Level Group report (2017)
High-Level Group composed of 12 experts, chaired by Pascal Lamy.
“Investing in the Future we want”:

- 11 key recommendations as a basis for future policy development and new funding
programmes
- “Guiding principles for designing a post-2020 EU programme for research and innovation”.
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History
Recommendation Actions Recommendation Actions
The High-Level Group

Prioritise research
Action: report
double the budget (2017),
of the post- chaired by Pascal
Rationalise the EU Lamy
Action: cut the number of R&I
and innovation in EU 2020 EU research and innovation funding landscape funding schemes and instruments,
and national budgets programme and achieve synergy make those remaining reinforce each
with structural funds other and make synergy with other
programmes work.
Build a true EU Action: Foster ecosystems for Simplify further Action: become the most attractive
innovation policy researchers, innovators, industries and R&I funder in the world, privileging
that creates future governments; promote and invest in impact over process.
markets innovative ideas with rapid scale-up
potential through a European
Innovation Council.
Educate for the Action: modernise, reward and Mobilise and involve Action: stimulate co-design and co-
future and invest in resource the education and training of citizens creation through citizen involvement.
people who will people for a creative and innovative
make the change Europe.
Design the EU R&I Action: make the future programme’s Better align EU and Action: ensure EU and national
programme for pillars driven by purpose and impact, national R&I alignment where it adds value to the
greater impact fine-tune the proposal evaluation investment EU’s R&I ambitions and missions.
system and increase flexibility.
Adopt a mission- Action: set research and innovation Make international Action: open up the R&I programme
oriented, impact- missions that address global R&I cooperation a to association by the best and
focused approach to challenges and mobilise researchers, trade- mark of EU participation by all, based on
address global innovators and other stakeholders to research and reciprocal co-funding or access to
challenges realise them. innovation co-funding in the partner country. 18
Author: Landry COCHARD – For education purpose only – Université de Rennes (France) – 11th and 12th March 2020
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History
Strategic Plan 2020-2024 – Research and innovation
Research and innovation is a key driver in achieving the 6 goals set by the European
Commission.
– Environment and climate: make EU the first climate-neutral continent (i.e. produce no
more greenhouse gases than our ecosystems can naturally absorb). This will be achieved
through the European Green Deal.
– Digital future: Europe must strengthen its digital sovereignty and set standards, rather
than following those of others – with a clear focus on data, technology, and infrastructure.
EU digital strategy will empower people with a new generation of technologies.
– Jobs and economy: making production respect the boundaries of our planet and placing
the wellbeing of workers at the centre of the production process. Science and innovation
can help us find ways to move quicker to becoming a circular economy where materials
have lower environmental impacts and waste is minimised.
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History
Strategic Plan 2020-2024 – Research and innovation
– Protecting our citizens and our values: Research and innovation will play a key role
in tackling emerging threats and improving crisis preparedness. Improving and protecting
people's health at all ages is a top priority. The European Health Union should help
achieving these goals.
– Europe in the world: It is vital to strengthen the EU as a global leader while ensuring the
highest standards of climate, environmental and labour protections.
– Democracy and rights: The EU is increasing the pressure on online platforms to adopt
best practices, and supporting research in technology and the social sciences that will help
to protect and build more resilient democracies across the EU. Horizon Europe will help
develop innovations, policies and institutions to support democratic processes and
enhance trust in democratic institutions, through improved transparency, accountability,
rule of law and equality, including gender equality.
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History
European Research Area – Policy Agenda – Actions 2022-2024
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History
Sources of information / references
– Research in the European Treaties, March 2016, European Parliamentary Research, Vincent Reillon. PE 579.098, 8 pages.
– EU Framework Programmes for Research and Innovation, Evolution and key data from FP1 to Horizon 2020 in view of FP9,
September 2017, European Parliamentary Research, Vincent Reillon. PE 608.697, ISBN 978-92-846-1687-9, 35 pages.
– An Overview of the Triangle of Knowledge as a Driving Force for Sustainable Growth in Developing Nations, P. P. Groumpos,
University of Patras, Patras, Greece, June 2013.
– Europe 2020 Flagship Initiative Innovation Union, SEC(2010) 1161, European Commission, Directorate-General for Research and
Innovation, 2011.
– Communication from the Commission, “A Reinforced European Research Area Partnership for Excellence and Growth”,
COM(2012) 392 final, 17.7.2012.
– State of the innovation union 2015, European Commission, 07/01/2016.
– High-Level Group Report (2017).
http://ec.europa.eu/research/evaluations/pdf/archive/other_reports_studies_and_documents/hlg_2017_report.pdf
– Mission-Oriented Research & Innovation in the European Union, Mazzucato report, February 2018.
https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/info/files/mazzucato_report_2018.pdf
– Innovation scoreboards (last version: June 2019) - https://ec.europa.eu/growth/industry/policy/innovation/scoreboards_en
– ERA progress report 2018. The European Research Area: advancing together the Europe of research and innovation, COM(2019)
83, European Commission, 18/02/2019.
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History
Sources of information / references
– Strategic plan 2020-2024 – Research and Innovation – 08/10/2020
https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/default/files/rtd_sp_2020_2024_en.pdf
– European Research Area Policy Agenda – Overview of actions for the period 2022-2024, November 2021.
https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/default/files/research_and_innovation/strategy_on_research_and_innovation/documents/ec_rtd_era-
policy-agenda-2021.pdf
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The legal framework

The current legal basis for European research programmes
EU Treaty
173(3)-182
Framework EU Financial Participation
programme for regulation rules
R&D
(Annotated)
Specific Work Model
programme programmes
agreements
EU Treaty Framework for State aid for Calls for Grant

research and development and proposal Agreement
107(1) innovation (2014)
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The legal framework

Art 173.3.
The Union shall contribute to the achievement of the objectives set out in paragraph 1 through the policies
and activities it pursues under other provisions of the Treaties. The European Parliament and the Council,
acting in accordance with the ordinary legislative procedure and after consulting the Economic and Social
Committee, may decide on specific measures in support of action taken in the Member States to achieve
the objectives set out in paragraph 1, excluding any harmonisation of the laws and regulations of the
Member States.
This Title shall not provide a basis for the introduction by the Union of any measure which could lead to a
distortion of competition or contains tax provisions or provisions relating to the rights and interests of
employed persons.
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The legal framework

TITLE XIX - RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT AND SPACE
Article 179 (ex Article 163 TEC)
1. The Union shall have the objective of strengthening its scientific and technological bases by achieving a
European research area in which researchers, scientific knowledge and technology circulate freely, and
encouraging it to become more competitive, including in its industry, while promoting all the research
activities deemed necessary by virtue of other Chapters of the Treaties.
2. For this purpose the Union shall, throughout the Union, encourage undertakings, including small and
medium-sized undertakings, research centres and universities in their research and technological
development activities of high quality; it shall support their efforts to cooperate with one another, aiming,
notably, at permitting researchers to cooperate freely across borders and at enabling undertakings to
exploit the internal market potential to the full, in particular through the opening-up of national public
contracts, the definition of common standards and the removal of legal and fiscal obstacles to that
cooperation.
3. All Union activities under the Treaties in the area of research and technological development, including
demonstration projects, shall be decided on and implemented in accordance with the provisions of this
Title.
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The legal framework

In pursuing these objectives, the Union shall carry out the following activities, complementing the activities
carried out in the Member States:
(a) implementation of research, technological development and demonstration programmes, by promoting
cooperation with and between undertakings, research centres and universities;
(b) promotion of cooperation in the field of Union research, technological development and demonstration
with third countries and international organisations;
(c) dissemination and optimisation of the results of activities in Union research, technological development
and demonstration;
(d) stimulation of the training and mobility of researchers in the Union.
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The legal framework


1. A multiannual framework programme, setting out all the activities of the Union, shall be adopted by the
European Parliament and the Council, acting in accordance with the ordinary legislative procedure after
consulting the Economic and Social Committee.
The framework programme shall:
- establish the scientific and technological objectives to be achieved by the activities provided for in
Article 180 and fix the relevant priorities,
- indicate the broad lines of such activities,
- fix the maximum overall amount and the detailed rules for Union financial participation in the
framework programme and the respective shares in each of the activities provided for.
2. The framework programme shall be adapted or supplemented as the situation changes.
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The legal framework


3. The framework programme shall be implemented through specific programmes developed within each
activity. Each specific programme shall define the detailed rules for implementing it, fix its duration and
provide for the means deemed necessary. The sum of the amounts deemed necessary, fixed in the specific
programmes, may not exceed the overall maximum amount fixed for the framework programme and each
activity.
4. The Council, acting in accordance with a special legislative procedure and after consulting the European
Parliament and the Economic and Social Committee, shall adopt the specific programmes.
5. As a complement to the activities planned in the multiannual framework programme, the European
Parliament and the Council, acting in accordance with the ordinary legislative procedure and after
consulting the Economic and Social Committee, shall establish the measures necessary for the
implementation of the European research area.
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The legal framework

Other relevant provisions: State Aids
Article 107(3)(b) TFEU on State Aids (ex Article 87 TEC)

3. The following may be considered to be compatible with the internal market:
(a) aid to promote the economic development of areas where the standard of living is abnormally low or where there is
serious underemployment, and of the regions referred to in Article 349, in view of their structural, economic and
social situation;
(b) aid to promote the execution of an important project of common European interest or to remedy a serious
disturbance in the economy of a Member State;
(c) aid to facilitate the development of certain economic activities or of certain economic areas, where such aid does
not adversely affect trading conditions to an extent contrary to the common interest.
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Agenda
q History and legal basis of the European Research Policy
✅ Evolution of the framework programmes - For information mostly
q Horizon 2020 (2013 – 2020) - For information only
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Evolutions of the framework programmes

Evolution of the budget of the EU FP for research (in million ECU/€)
> Horizon Europe: € 100 bn
incl. €3,5 bn from InvestEU
HEU
Source: EU Framework Programmes for Research and Innovation, Evolution and key data from FP1 to Horizon 2020 in view of FP9, September 2017,
European Parliamentary Research, Vincent Reillon. PE 608.697, ISBN 978-92-846-1687-9, 35 pages. Figure 3. 32
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Evolution of the structure of the FP from FP4 to Horizon 2020
Source: EU Framework Programmes for Research and Innovation, Evolution and key data from FP1 to Horizon 2020 in view of FP9, September 2017, European Parliamentary Research, 33
Vincent Reillon. PE 608.697, ISBN 978-92-846-1687-9, 35 pages. Figure 2.
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Evolution of the support provided by the FP for the various thematic activities (% of the total budget)
Source: EU Framework Programmes for Research and Innovation, Evolution and key data from FP1 to Horizon 2020 in view of FP9, September 2017, European Parliamentary Research,
Vincent Reillon. PE 608.697, ISBN 978-92-846-1687-9, 35 pages. Figure 5. 34
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Evolution of the support provided by the FP for the various thematic activities and the ERC (in million ECU/€)
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Evolution of the support provided by the FP for various types of beneficiary (% of total budget,
nuclear energy not considered)
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Evolution of the legislative procedures for the adoption of the FPs
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Agenda
q Evolution of the framework programmes - For information mostly
✅ Horizon 2020 (2013 – 2020) - For information only
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Horizon 2020
What are we talking about? H2020 in a nutshell.
More than 80 billion EUR funding 28 Member-States (MS)

programme
Coupling research with innovation - from 15 Countries Associated to the

lab to market framework programme (AC)
Focus on societal challenges: health, clean

energy, transport, etc.
Open to the World !
Participation of companies, universities,

institutes in EU and beyond
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Horizon 2020
3 priorities
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Horizon 2020
Structure of the programme
Source: European Commission.
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Horizon 2020
Priority 1. Excellent science
€24.4 Billion
Why:
• World class science is the foundation of tomorrow’s technologies,
jobs and well-being
European Research Council 13.095
• Europe needs to develop, Frontier research by the best individual teams
attract and retain
Future and Emerging Technologies 2.696
research talent
Collaborative research to open new fields of
innovation
• Researchers need access Marie Sklodowska Curie Actions* 6.162
to the best infrastructures Opportunities for training and career
development
Research Infrastructures 2.488
(including e-infrastructures)
Ensuring access to world-class facilities
Author: Landry COCHARD – For education purpose only – Université de Rennes (France) – 10 October 2022 42
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Horizon 2020
Priority 2. Industrial leadership
€17 Billion
Why:
• Strategic investments in key technologies (e.g. advanced manufacturing
micro-electronics)
underpin innovation across Leadership in enabling and industrial 13.557
existing and emerging sectors technologies
(ICT, nanotechnologies, materials,
• Europe needs to attract more biotechnology, manufacturing, space)
private investment in Access to risk finance 2.842
research and innovation Leveraging private finance and venture
capital for research and innovation
• Europe needs more innovative
SMEs to create growth and jobs Innovation in SMEs 616
Fostering all forms of innovation in all
types of SMES
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Horizon 2020
Priority 3. Societal Challenges
€31 Billion
Why: Health, demographic change and 7.472
• Concerns of citizens and society wellbeing
EU policy objectives Food security, sustainable agriculture, 3.851
(climate, environment, energy, marine and maritime and inland water
research and the bioeconomy
transport etc.) cannot be
Secure, clean and efficient energy 5.931
achieved without innovation
Smart, green and integrated transport 6.339
• Breakthrough solutions
Climate action, environment, resource 3.081
come from multi-disciplinary
efficiency and raw materials
collaborations, including social Inclusive, innovative and reflective 1.310
sciences & humanities societies
Secure societies 1.695
• Promising solutions need to be
tested, demonstrated and Science with and for society 462
scaled up Spreading excellence and widening 816
participation
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Horizon 2020
How to participate?
Find a
relevant call Submit a Be selected &
Find partners proposal Get involved!
(annual work
programme)
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Horizon 2020
Where and how to find the information?
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Agenda
q Evolution of the framework programmes (for information mostly)
q Horizon 2020 - 2013 – 2020 (for information only)
✅ Horizon Europe (2021 – 2027)
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Horizon Europe
The proposal from the European Commission
The Commission initially proposed a € 100 billion research and innovation

funding programme for seven years (2021-2027)
to strengthen the EU's scientific and technological bases
to boost Europe's innovation capacity, competitiveness

and jobs
to deliver on citizens' priorities and sustain our socio- economic model and
values
Additional € 4.1 billion are proposed to be allocated for defence research, in a

separate proposal for a European Defence Fund.

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Horizon Europe
The final agreement on budget

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Horizon Europe
The budget split

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Horizon Europe
Which ambition?
European Union needs a new level ambition and a renewed R&I agenda to be in pole
position:
§ Ensuring essential investment and stimulating private investment
§ Making regulatory frameworks fit for innovation
§ Becoming a front runner in market-creating innovation
§ Reconnecting R&I with citizens through EU-wide R&I missions
§ Supporting the dissemination of innovation throughout the Union
§ Investing in skills and empower universities to become more

entrepreneurial and interdisciplinary
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Horizon Europe
Which ambition?

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Horizon Europe
Process for adoption
Ø Multiannual Financial Framework (MFF) - (only relevant sections)
• Publication: May 2018
• Scope: sets budget for all EU programmes
• 100bn earmarked for Horizon Europe
Ø Horizon Europe regulation (contents, rules &funding instruments), 2 parts:

– Overall Framework programme (regulation incl. rules for participation)
• Publication: June 2018.
• Scope: practical implementation of Horizon Europe incl. IP and financial
– Specific programme (activities, including Health + Partnerships’ criteria)
• Publication: June 2018.
• Scope: RD&I programme for period 2021-2027
• Example: 7,7bn earmarked for Health Research
Ø Public-Private Partnerships Regulations

• Publication: Q3 2020. Scope: specific programme, budget and functioning.
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Horizon Europe
Calendar for adoption: an accelerated procedure
2nd May 2018 : European

14th March 2018 : Regulation proposal from
European Parliament 30th May 2018 : European 7th June 2018 : European 13th June 2018 : European
Parliament resolution on Commission proposal Parliament appointed 19th July 2018 : Draft 21st November 2018 :
the Council, fixing the report presented with 1986 Adoption of the report by
resolution on the future FP future FP, presented by the
2021-2027 and resources the future FP 2021-2027 about the FP Horizon Christian Ehler as
and resources system. Europe. Rapporteur. amendments tabled. ITRE Committee.
Commission, COM (2018)
system. 322 final.
10th October 2019: 4th December 2019 : the

9th January 2019 : Start of 19th March 2019 : Partial 17th April 2019 : Text European Parliament EP TRAN Committee
12th December 2018 : the trilogues on the specific agreement between adopted by the full December 2019 : New
Adoption in plenary. resolution about Horizon Commission. decided to open inter-
programme and the FP. Parliament and Council. Parliament. Europe and the resources institutionnal negotiations
systems. with the Council.
13th May 2020 : EP

Pleanary Session Speech 28th May 2020: MPs
18th May 2020: French Later on, the European postponed their vote on
21st April 2020 : President and German proposal for Commission responded to 27th May 2020: EC's 28th May 2020: EU set out
Michel presented a joint of Charles Michel and statement, press relase for a bigger role in health
Ursula Van Der Leyen on entering trilogue
the European economic French and German negotiations on Horizon
road map for recovery. recovery strategy. proposal. and factsheet. with €9,4 B budget.
New MFF, own resources
and Recovery Plan. Europe.
5th June 2020: the EP’s By July 2020: European

10th July 2020: 17-21 July: Special Early autumn 2020:
ITRE ‘has voted to enter 19th June 2020: EU Council has to make a European Council for
President Charles 23rd July 2020: European Adoption of the revised
trilogue negotiations’ with leaders will meet for the political agreement on MFF
the European Council and 2014-2020 and 2021-2027, Horizon Europe's Parliament on EU's long- MFF 2014-2020 +
budget over Horizon Michel presented the budget and the term budget. corresponding sectoral
the European Commission Europe. and Own Resources 'negobox'.
over Horizon Europe Decision. Recovery plan. legislation.
December 2020: Adoption

of the Own Resources 21st October 2021:
December 2020: Adoption January 2021: MFF 2021- 11th June 2021: decision announcement of 9
October 2020: European of the revised MFF 2021- Decision (ratification by MS 2027 is deemed to start its on the approval of 11 Co-
Council. in the line with their public-private
2027 with EP's consent. implementation. Programmed Partnerships.
constitutional partnerships (€ 22bn)
requirements).
Summary drafted by the authors. Sources: European Commission, European Council, European Parliament, and European 54
Commission’s factsheet.
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Horizon Europe
What? Overall structure

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Horizon Europe
What? Specific objectives

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Horizon Europe
An evolution from Horizon 2020: what is new?
See more details on next slides.

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Horizon Europe
European Innovation Council (new body and instruments)
Support to innovations with breakthrough and disruptive nature and scale

up potential that are too risky for private investors.
Helping innovators create markets of the future,
European leverage private finance, scale up their companies,
Innovation
Council Innovation centric, risk taking & agile, pro-
active management and follow up
Two complementary instruments bridging the gap from idea to investable project
Accelerator: grants & blended

Pathfinder: grants (from early
finance (from pre-commercial to
technology to pre-commercial)
market & scale-up)

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Horizon Europe
Research and innovation missions (new approach)
R&I Relating EU's research and innovation better to

society and citizens' needs; with strong visibility
Missions
and impact
A mission is a portfolio of actions

intended to achieve a bold and
inspirational as well as measurable
goal within a set timeframe, with
impact for science and technology,
society and citizens that goes beyond
individual actions.
Specific missions will be co-designed

with Member States, stakeholders and
citizens and programmed within the
Global Challenges and Industrial
Competitiveness pillar (drawing on inputs
from other pillars).
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Horizon Europe
International cooperation (broader openess)
International Tackling together global societal challenges; access

to the world's best talents, expertise and resources;
cooperation
enhanced supply and demand of innovative solutions
Extended openness to association

§ Third countries with good capacity in science, technology and innovation
§ Taking into account objective of driving economic growth in Europe through innovation

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Horizon Europe
Open science (broader access to Results)
Better dissemination and exploitation of R&I results

Open science and support to active engagement of society
§ Mandatory Open Access to publications: beneficiaries must ensure the existence of sufficient rights
to comply with open access requirements
§ Mandatory Data Management Plan for FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Re-usable) and
Open Research Data : for all research data with possibilities to opt-out from open access
requirements.
- Support to researcher skills in and reward systems for open science
- Use of European Open Science Cloud

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Horizon Europe
European partnerships (new approach: rationalisation)
New generation of objective-driven and more ambitious partnerships in support of

agreed EU policy objectives.
§ Simple architecture and toolbox

Key features § Coherent life-cycle approach
§ Strategic orientation

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Horizon Europe
What? Overall structure

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63
Horizon Europe
Pilar 1 – Open science
Reinforcing and extending the excellence of the Union's science base
European Marie Research

Research Skłodowska- Infrastructures
Council Curie Actions
§ Equipping § Integrated and
§ Frontier research
researchers with inter-connected
by the best
new knowledge world-class
researchers and
and skills through research
their teams
mobility and infrastructures
training
€ 16.09 billion € 6.4 billion € 2.4 billion

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Horizon Europe
Pilar 2 – Global Challenges & Industrial Competitiveness
Boosting key technologies and solutions underpinning EU

policies & Sustainable Development Goals
Clusters Budget
implemented through usual calls, missions & partnerships (€ billion)
Health € 7.9
Inclusive and Secure Society €4
Digital and Industry € 15,5
Climate, Energy and Mobility € 15,2
Food and Natural Resources € 8,9

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Horizon Europe
Content of the EC for Clusters
Clusters Areas of intervention
Health * Health throughout the life course * Environmental and social health
determinants
* Non-communicable and rare diseases * Infectious diseases
* Tools, technologies and digital * Health care systems
solutions for health and care
Inclusive and * Democracy * Cultural heritage
Secure Societies * Social and economic transformations * Disaster-resilient societies
* Protection and Security * Cybersecurity
Digital and * Manufacturing technologies * Key digital technologies

Industry * Advanced materials * Artificial intelligence and robotics
* Next generation internet * Advanced computing and Big Data
* Circular industries * Low carbon and clean industry
* Space
Climate, * Climate science and solutions * Energy supply
Energy and * Energy systems and grids * Buildings and industrial facilities in energy
* Communities and cities transition
Mobility * Industrial competitiveness in transport * Clean transport and mobility
* Smart mobility * Energy storage
Food and * Environmental observation * Biodiversity and natural capital
Natural * Agriculture, forestry and rural areas * Sea and oceans
* Food systems * Bio-based innovation systems
Resources * Circular systems
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Horizon Europe
Proposal from the EC for Clusters
A – Cluster 1 ‘Health’:
v Aim:
Ø Citizens should rely more on on effective health care services that address their medical
needs and reduce the burden on them, their families and communities;
Ø People should be assisted in promoting their own health and preventing diseases.
Ø Promoting and fostering synergies with public health policies at national and regional level,
with other EU programmes and policies, as well as with health-related European
infrastructures.
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Horizon Europe
1) Destination 1 – Staying healthy in a rapidly changing society

2) Destination 2 – Living & working in a health-promoting environment
3) Destination 3 – Tackling diseases and reducing disease burden
4) Destination 4 – Ensuring access to innovative, sustainable and high-quality health care
5) Destination 5 – Unlocking the full potential of new tools, technologies and digital solutions
for a healthy society
6) Destination 6 – Maintaining an innovative, sustainable and globally competitive health-
related industry
7) Other Actions – Not implemented through regular Open Calls for Proposals
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Horizon Europe
Examples of some priorities:

- Topic 1.6 AI tools to predict the risk for chronic diseases
- For instance, Robust AI tools to predict and assess the risk for and/or progression of chronic non-communicable diseases and
deliver improved health outcomes for the citizens.
- Topic 3.13 Advancing innovative AI-based solutions for treatment
- Safe and evidence-based clinical decision support tool for affordable treatment including home-based care / Predict patients’
(long-term) prognosis and response, including side effects, to a personalised specific treatment / Clinically validated AI
solutions included into clinical guidelines / Harmonising the type of therapies proposed to patients / Information communication
package to the patients about the disease and the proposed treatment.
- Topic 3.3 Towards improved palliation and/or end-of life care.
- E.g., reduced health-related suffering and improved well-being and quality of life of patients in need of palliative and end-of-life
care and their professional and family caregivers./ Early and better access, higher quality and (cost-) effectiveness of palliative
or end-of-life care services.
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Horizon Europe
B – Cluster 2 ‘Culture, Creativity and Inclusive Society’
v Aim:
Ø Meeting EU goals and priorities on:
Ø Enhancing democratic governance,
Ø Citizens participation,
Ø Safeguarding and promotion of cultural heritage,
Ø Respond to multifaced social, economic, technological and cultural transformations.
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Horizon Europe
B – Cluster 2 ‘Culture, Creativity and Inclusive Society’
1) Destination 1 – Innovative Research on Democracy and Governance

2) Destination 2 – Innovative Research on the European Cultural Heritage and the Cultural
and Creative Industries
3) Destination 3 – Innovative Research on Social and Economic Transformations
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Horizon Europe
C – Cluster 3 ‘Civil Security for Society’
v Aim:
Ø Improving Civil Security through European Society thanks to R&I, better management,
cybersecurity, new infrastructures, more cooperation between EU Member States.
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Horizon Europe
C – Cluster 3 ‘Civil Security for Society’
1) Destination – Fight against Crime and Terrorism

2) Destination – Border Management
3) Destination – Infrastructure Protection
4) Destination – Cybersecurity
5) Destination – A disaster Resilient Society for Europe
6) Destination – SSRI (Support to Security Research and Innovation)
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Horizon Europe
D – Cluster 4 ‘Digital, Industry and Space’
v Aim:
Ø Shaping Europe as a competitive and trusted technologies for a European industry with
global leadership in key areas,
Ø Enabling production and consumption to respect the boundaries of our planet,
Ø Maximising the benefits for all parts of society in the variety of social, economic and
territorial contexts in Europe.
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Horizon Europe
D – Cluster 4 ‘Digital, Industry and Space’
1) Destination 1 – Climate neutral, circular and digitised production

• Global leadership in clean and climate-neutral industrial value chains, circular economy and climate-neutral digital systems and
infrastructures (networks, data centres),
2) Destination 2 – A digitised, resource-efficient and resilient industry
• Industrial leadership and increased autonomy in key strategic value chains with security of supply in raw materials
3) Destination 3 – World leading data and computing technologies
• Globally attractive, secure and dynamic data-agile economy
4) Destination 4 – Digital and emerging technologies for competitiveness and fit for the green deal
• Sovereignity in digital technologies and in future emerging enabling technologies
5) Destination 5 – Strategy autonomy in developing, deploying and using global space-based
• Strategic autonomy in developing, deploying and using global space-based infrastructures, services, applications and data
6) Destination 6 – A human-centred and ethical development of digital and industrial technologies
• A human-centred and ethical development of digital and industrial technologies.
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Horizon Europe
E – Cluster 5 ‘Climate, Energy and Mobility’
v Aim:
Ø To achieve climate neutrality in Europe by 2050,

Ø Entailing the decarbonisation of the energy and mobility sectors by 2050 at the latest,
Ø Boosting their competitiveness, resilience and utility for citizens and society.
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Horizon Europe
E – Cluster 5 ‘Climate, Energy and Mobility’
1) Destination 1 – Climate sciences and responses

2) Destination 2 – Cross-sectoral solutions
3) Destination 3 – Sustainable, secure and competitive energy supply
4) Destination 4 – Efficient, sustainable and inclusive energy use
5) Destination 5 – Clean and competitive solutions for all transport modes
6) Destination 6 – Safe Resilient Transport and Smart Mobility services for passengers and
goods
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Horizon Europe
F – ‘Food, Bioeconomy, Natural Resources, Agriculture and Environement’
v Aim:
Ø To provide opportunities to balance environmental, social and economic goals and to set
human activities on a path to sustainability.
Ø Need for a transformative change of the economy and society to reduce environmental
degradations, to halt the decline of biodiversity,
Ø To better manage natural resources while concretely serving the EU climate objectives,
Ø Ensuring food and water security.
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Horizon Europe
F – ‘Food, Bioeconomy, Natural Resources, Agriculture and Environement’
1) Destination 1 – Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services

2) Destination 2 – Fair, healthy and environmentally-friendly food systems from primary
production to consumption
3) Destination 3 – Circular economy and bioeconomy sectors
4) Destination 4 – Clean environment and zero pollution
5) Destination 5 – Land, oceans and water for climate action
6) Destination 6 – Resilient, inclusive, healthy and and green rural, coastal and urban
communites
7) Destination 7 – Innovative governance, environmental observations and digital solutions
in support of the Green Deal
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Horizon Europe
Pilar 3 – Open innovation
Stimulating market-creating breakthroughs and

ecosystems conducive to innovation
European European European Institute

Innovation innovation of Innovation and
Council ecosystems Technology (EIT)
§ Support to § Connecting with § Bringing key actors
innovations with regional and (research, education
breakthrough and national and business)
market creating innovation actors together around a
potential common goal for
nurturing innovation
€ 9,7 billion € 527 million € 3,1 billion

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Horizon Europe
How to implement it? Synergies with other programmes

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Horizon Europe
How to implement it? The corporate model grant agreement

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Horizon Europe
How to implement it? The corporate model grant agreement
One single core template

• Harmonise the contractual models and guidance for all post-2020
applying to all funding programmes
programmes to harmonise and • Build on the standardisation of post-2020 basic acts.
standardize:
• Use the same terminology across programmes

Improve the understanding • Ensure uniform and consistent interpretation of rules
and the consistency, ensure • Allow equal treatment of beneficiaries
consistent interpretation: • Create synergies between programmes
Create Annexes for

• Specific options and
specificities and exceptions for • Specific annex for 'special rules’
each programme:
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Horizon Europe
How to implement it? Looking for further simplification
§ Further alignment to the Financial Regulation.
§ Increased use of simplified forms of grants where appropriate (building on the H2020
lump sum pilot experience).
§ Broader acceptance of usual cost accounting practices.
§ Enhanced cross-reliance on audits benefiting beneficiaries taking part in several

Union programmes.
While ensuring continuity and consistency for beneficiaries by maintaining:
§ Attractive H2020 funding model, including up to 100% funding rate.
§ Single set of rules principle.
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Horizon Europe
How to implement it? Strategic planning to to define multiannual work programmes and calls for
proposals
§ Transparency and stakeholder involvement

§ Prioritisation and flexibility to align to political priorities
§ Internal programme coherence & synergies with other programmes
Multiannual Strategic R&I Plan

* Multiannual orientations and priorities in one document
* Areas for partnerships and missions
Strategic discussions with MS and EP Consultation with stakeholders
Work Programmes
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Horizon Europe
How to implement it? Strategic planning to to define multiannual work programmes and calls for
proposals
First time that a broad consultation process to help the European Commission defining
the priorities for 2021 – 2024 period is organised.
2018 • Commission proposal.
• Provisional agreement on Horizon Europe between the European

April 2019 Council and the European Parliament.
• Launch of the co-design process. Broad consultation of EU

Summer 2019 stakeholders and citizens through national events, European
federations and associations, citizens’ groups and open consultations.
March 2021 • Publication of the strategic plan 2021-2024.
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Horizon Europe
How to implement it? Strategic plan 2021-2024
Key strategic orientations
A. Promoting an open strategic autonomy by leading the development of key digital,

enabling and emerging technologies, sectors and value chains.
B. Restoring Europe’s ecosystems and biodiversity, and managing sustainability natural

resources.
C. Making Europe the first digitally enabled circular, climate neutral and sustainable
economy.
D. Creating a more resilient, inclusive and democratic European society.
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Horizon Europe
What to read and see?
§ Horizon Europe overall presentation: https://ec.europa.eu/info/horizon-europe_en
§ Horizon Europe – Strategic plan 2021 – 2024 https://ec.europa.eu/info/files/horizon-

europe-strategic-plan-2021-2024_en
§ Horizon Europe draft documents: https://sciencebusiness.net/framework-

programmes/horizon-papers, including work programmes
§ Horizon Europe launch event: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UyjoJv-Kqe4 (5 hours)
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Part 2
Definition and cycle of a European research project
89
Part 2 - Definition and cycle of a European research project

Agenda
✅ Definitions
q Project cycle
q How to find and analyse a call for proposal?
q Cultural aspects in European research projects.
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Definitions
What is a project?
Objectives
Deadlines Activities Resources
Risks
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Definitions
Specifics of European Projects
• Transnational projects and distributed (countries / organisations)

• Results oriented projects
• (Co-)financed projects by the Funders (additional constraints)
• Intersectoral projects (Industry-Academia) and multi-disciplinary projects
• May be complex projects:
• Projects less complex è Objectives and fixed workplan è Follow the plans.
• Projects more complex è Objectives and evolving workplan è More autonomy of
the consortium to adapt.
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Definitions
A research project comes at the end of a priority definition
Framework Programme - Multiannual
Define the structure of the funding programme
Specific Programme - Multiannual

Define the specific elements and rules for a sub-programme
Strategic Plan
Four years programming and prioritization
Workprogramme - Bi-annual
Define the priorities and topics to be published, as well as budget associated
Call for proposal

Launch during the year: invitation to submit a proposal
Proposal > Evaluation > Project
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Definitions
Call for proposals vs. call for tender
Do not mix up the two procedures
Call for tender Call for proposals
- Terms of References defined by the European - Objectives to reach defined by the European
Commission. Commission.
- Tenderer needs to describe the methodology and - Applicant need to explain their approach,
resources to carry out the work. demonstrate their knowledge, propose a workplan.
- Service approach. Obligation of results. - Obligation of means, risky activities.
- Best value for money as primary criteria. - Excellence, impact and implementation as
selection criteria.
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Definitions
R&I steps - Technology Readiness Levels (TRLs)
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95

Agenda
q Definitions
✅ Project cycle
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Project cycle overview

What are the main steps in a project development?
Draft Call for Project ends

Submission Project start
Workprogramme proposals
Project design Draft proposal Negotiate Manage Exploit
Type of MoU / Letter of intent Grant Agreement, ✍ Data sharing, License

CDA
agreements Heads of terms* Consortium Agreement Joint Ownership Agreement
Agreement*
Timelines
One-stage Min 3 months, Min 2 months, 3 – 6 months After the
2 to 5 years end of the
project
Timelines Max. 18 months Max. 6 months
Two-stages 3 – 6 months
✍ Signature Grant Agreement and Consortium Agreement should be concomittent.

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Project cycle
Role of project managers all along the project cycle
Draft Call for Project ends

Submission Project start
Workprogramme proposals
Project design Draft proposal Negotiate Manage Exploit
Organise the Design the project Negotiation Consortium

proposal set-up governance calendar follow- engagement Final reporting
structure up
Coordinate Meeting Assist during
contributions Draft a project Preparation of organisation audits
from all Partners management requested
and contributors section contribution Support to
scientific lead
Define a calendar Collect and Organise CA
assemble input negotiation Reporting
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Project cycle
Who are the people involved and what is their role? Scientists, lawyers, patent
attorneys, business developers, technology transfer officers.
Confidentiality Scientists
F-Up licenses and access Funding Support from Legal (blue)
Exploitation opportunity
rights
Support from GlobPat/BD (red)
Generate results, access

partners results
Amendments GA & CA,
Project Data, background IP
Results (Foreground IP, Project development & CDA/NDA
incl. mgt. patent management call analysis State of the Art
application and
publication) How to
coordinate?
Background MoU, governance
Grant agt., Consortium Agt structure
IP clauses, list Background Contracts Funding
negotiation application Exploitation (incl. IP) and
IP
dissemination strategy
99

Agenda
q Definitions
q Project cycle
✅ How to find and analyse a call for proposal?
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Find and analyse a call for proposal

Methodology
Step 1 – Enter into the
European Commission portal
Funding and tender
opportunities.
Step 2 – Select a topic of

interest.
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101

Methodology
Step 3 – Read the summary information, upload the necessary information.
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Methodology
1- Access the workprogramme
• Search for Destination > look at the information on the calls.

• Introduction: background.
• Expected impacts: applicable to all topics.
• Looking for drafts WPs, check: https://sciencebusiness.net/framework-programmes/horizon-papers
2- A topic is always presented the same way
• Specific conditions = budget available, type of action.
• Expected outcome = link to the impact of the Destinations + outcome per specific target.
• Scope = activities, expected results, link to other projects.
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Agenda
q Definitions
q Project cycle
✅ Cultural aspects in European research projects.
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Cultural aspects in European research projects
• Different types of organisations: Universities, companies, regulators, citizens.

• Different nationalities.
• Different maturity level: early research -> product development,
• Different sectors: health, transport.
105

Intellectual Property vision from an Academic perspective
• First objectives of the University are to train and to disseminate the
knowledge:
• Importance of thesis
• Importance of publication
• However Universities are inviting to develop active policy to manage IP.

Commission Recommendation on the management of intellectual property in
knowledge transfer activities and code of Practice for universities and other
public research organisations (2008).
• Principles for an internal intellectual property policy
• Principles for a knowledge-transfer policy
• Principles for collaborative and contract research.
• Value knowledge and get revenues from partnerships, State Aid Guidelines.
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Intellectual Property vision from an industrial partner perspective
• Development and commercialisation of products: portfolio management and
prioritisation.
• Allocate resources on added-value projects
• Actions in favour of developing world: partnership to develop new products.

• Interest in improving production processes, products, developing or assessing
new technologies.
• Importance of “Freedom to Operate”:

• Long-term developments.
• be able to exploit its IP without having to manage multiple contracts.
107

Intellectual Property vision from an SME perspective
• Development and commercialisation of products: limited portfolio / and limited

resources.
• Interest in developing and testing a specific technology or product that could be

integrated in a more global industrial solution.
• Importance of research collaborations to de-risk the research.
• Should pay attention to Intellectual Property management: Freedom to Operate

(FTO) checks (see SME instrument requirements).
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Case studies
109
Case studies
Instructions
1- Read the emails received by Scinnov from contacts, expressing specific needs.
2- Analyse the request to understand the needs. If you have questions, please come back to me.
3- Search for information, using as entry point the Funding and Tender portal.
4- Search for background information / additional details.
5- Draft an answer that we could send to the persons. To do so, please prepare a set of slides.
- Structure your answer by organising the information in a useful way.
- Select the most relevant information (because you may find lots of details).
- If you have any doubt, please come back to me.
> Deadline to send the PPT: November 3rd EoB (End of Business)
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Case study 1
Group 1 (Carla Porcher, Clémence Richard et Julie Lelarge)
Dear Mr Cochard,
My company, HELIOS, is a SME based in Berlin and comprising 30 people, working on the development of
electrolysers for energy systems (hydrogen, CO2 transformation).
We have been told the European Commission offers several opportunities to finance research projects to
progress our developments.
We are working with some partners already, one academic partner from France, one research center from
Netherlands and one industrial partner from Belgium. We are also member of Hydrogen Europe and CO2 Value
Europe.
Can you please tell us what opportunities we may explore and what would be the conditions for participation?
We have been told about Horizon Europe. We also heard about lots of funds available under IPCEI. Is there
any other obvious source we should explore?
We are looking forward to your feedback by November 3rd.
Sincerely. Dr Josef Schuller
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Case study 2
Group 2 (Anthony Todji Degnan, Juliette Namura et Loeiz Lenan)
Hi Landry
I hope you are going well. I would like to inform you that AIOLOS successfully started this summer. We are
actively collaborating with our German and French partners. We expect the first demonstrator to be ready
within 18 months. We would like to anticipate the extension of the use of the platform for other diseases,
and if possible, its recognition as the future European reference platform.
As discussed at Christina’s wedding, can you help me with identification of the relevant funding
instruments at European level? What should be the conditions to apply?
If you need more information, please let me know.
Say hello to the team.
Adam
Link: see Linkedin page
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Case study 3
Group 3 (Alix Thaumoux, Margot Jouanny et Viviane Gamondrius)
Dear Sir or Madam,
Our University is looking for the support of a company specialised on EU funding.
The department of environment and engineering is looking for EU funding for the following activities:
- Collaborative research in the field of smart buildings and energy performance of buildings (projects in
collaboration with other partners, including key European technology centers).
- Hosting and training of researchers (PhDs), through Marie-Curie actions, if possible by creating a
European network of PhDs with other Universities and the participation of companies.
Can you eventually help us and provide us with a first idea of the opportunities and if possible some name
of European organisations that you believe we should contact.
Thanks and kind regards,

Ms Giulia Stanford
Head of research services
University of Glasgow
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10/10/22

October and November 2022

Landry Cochard – CEO Scinnov

– Graduated in 2001 from the Université of Rennes 1 – DEA de Droit Communautaire,

Strategies and funding for

Content of the course

q Part 1 – European research policy and funding programmes.

q Part 2 – Definition and cycle of a European research project.

q Part 3 – How to build a European project?

q Part 4 – Contracts negotiation and management of a European project.

European research policy and funding programmes

Part 1 - European research policy and funding programmes

✅ History and legal basis of the European Research Policy

q Evolution of the framework programmes (for information mostly)

q Horizon 2020 - 2013 – 2020 (for information only)

q Horizon Europe (2021 – 2027)

1990 - FP3 1998 - FP5 2006 - FP7 2020 - FP9

– Revision on the basis of the Kok report (2004).

Youth on the move

Digital agenda for Europe

An industrial policy for the globalization era

• Improving the business environment (especially SMEs) by promoting a strong,

An agenda for new skills and jobs

European platform against poverty

The 2018 ERA Progress report was published in early 2019.

“Investing in the Future we want”:

The High-Level Group

The legal framework

EU Treaty Framework for State aid for Calls for Grant

The legal framework

The legal framework

The legal framework

The legal framework

Article 182 (ex Article 166 TEC)

The legal framework

Article 182 (ex Article 166 TEC)

The legal framework

Article 107(3)(b) TFEU on State Aids (ex Article 87 TEC)

Part 1 - European research policy and funding programmes

q History and legal basis of the European Research Policy

✅ Evolution of the framework programmes - For information mostly

q Horizon 2020 (2013 – 2020) - For information only

q Horizon Europe (2021 – 2027)

Evolutions of the framework programmes

Evolutions of the framework programmes

Evolutions of the framework programmes

Evolutions of the framework programmes

Evolutions of the framework programmes

Evolutions of the framework programmes

Part 1 - European research policy and funding programmes

q History and legal basis of the European Research Policy

q Evolution of the framework programmes - For information mostly

✅ Horizon 2020 (2013 – 2020) - For information only

q Horizon Europe (2021 – 2027)

More than 80 billion EUR funding 28 Member-States (MS)

Coupling research with innovation - from 15 Countries Associated to the

Focus on societal challenges: health, clean

Open to the World !

Participation of companies, universities,

Source: European Commission.

Part 1 - European research policy and funding programmes

q History and legal basis of the European Research Policy