Quantitative Research is a type of research that deals with the analysis of various data using

statistical procedures. Its methods are oriented towards the use of numerals and statistics in the
analysis of data collected.

Kinds of Quantitative Research Designs

Descriptive Research Design

➔ aims to accurately and systematically describe a population, situation or
phenomenon.
➔ focuses on the cause and effect.

Correlational Research Design

➔ investigates relationships between variables without the researcher controlling or
manipulating any of them.
➔ focuses on relationship and association of variables.

Quasi- Experimental Research Design

➔ aims to establish a cause-and-effect relationship between an independent and
dependent variable.
➔ deals with proposing a program on a given time period.

Experimental Research Design

➔ wherein independent variables are manipulated and various statistical techniques
are involved in order to formulate a product.

Different Research Format

APA format
➔ the standard format followed in making a research.

IMRAD format
➔ stands for Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion.

Types of Variables

Independent Variable (IV) (cause)

➔ causes an effect to the dependent variable/s.

Dependent Variable (DV) (effect)

➔ be affected by an independent variable

Intervening Variable
➔ a cause or connection between other variables such as independent and dependent
variables.
 RESEARCH TOPIC AND FORMULATION OF RESEARCH TITLE
STRUCTURE

Research Title
➔ summarizes the main idea of the whole paper and is the most notable part of the
research paper.
Research Topic
➔ a general area of interest that you would like to pursue in your research
Subject Matter
➔ the main research variables to be studied
Aim
➔ the purpose for conducting the research study
Locus
➔ location/ place where the study will be conducted
Respondent
➔ an individual or group of people that serves as the source of information during
data collection

Factors to Consider in Identifying and Selecting Your Research Topic

Relevance
➔ related to the needs of your study’s target audience or when it is considered
important in people’s daily lives.
Interest
➔ can encourage you to continue pursuing each research chapter in a systematic
manner.
Manageability
➔ research topic can be studied within your abilities and your research must be
applicable within a specific time limit
Available resources
➔ sufficient number of references about the topic
 CITING SOURCES AND BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

➔ overview of the research topic,
CITING SOURCES
➔ An author uses citation to inform his/her audience that specific items in the work
come from another source.

Two Types of Citation

In-text Citation
➔ it is placed within the text.
Reference List
➔ list citations provide more information about the source,

RESEARCH QUESTION, STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM AND

PURPOSE

Research Question
➔ to inquire for further relevant answers,
Research Problem
➔ a condition to be improved,