LIMITS AND CONTINUITY Domain of the function
Calculus
 Mathematics of motion and change.
 Built upon two great ideas,
o Derivative – examines slope of a
curve and rates of change.
o Integral – deals with sums, areas,
and volumes.
 A latin word for stone and pebble.
 Thus, calculus roughly means a method of
calculation.
 Sir Isaac Newton and Gottfried Wilhelm
Leibniz – an English mathematician and
natural philosopher and a German
philosopher and mathematician widely
honored as the inventors of calculus.
Different Types of Functions
The set of real numbers
SET NOTATION
 A set is collection of objects.
 The objects in a set are elements or
members of the set.
ROSTER METHOD
of writing a set encloses the elements of the set in
braces, {}.
A={1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10}
 This set has limited number of elements
and is an example of finite set.
 To express the fact that 10 is an element of
the set, use the symbol , i.e. 10 A.
Absolute Value Function
The domain of the function is the set of It is defined by f(x) = /x/
consisting of all values of x. • The domain of the absolute value function is all
real numbers.
Range of the function
• The range of the functions is the set • The range is all non-negative numbers.
consisting of all the second Definition of Asymptote
components in each element of the set. An asymptote is an imaginary line being
approached but never touched or intersected by a
Constant Functions
graph as it goes through infinity.
The constant function C is function with the range
Domain and Range of the Piece-wise Function
of which is consist of a single number k for all real
numbers x in its domain. In symbol C(x) = k. • The Domain (all the values that can go into the
function) is all Real Numbers up to and including 6.
Domain and Range of a Function
Signum Function
• The domain of the constant function is all real
numbers The sign of a real number, also called sgn or signum,
is for a negative number (i.e., one with a minus sign
• The range is the constant k.
" "), 0 for the number zero, or for a positive number
Identity Functions
(i.e., one with a plus sign " ").
The identity function I is defined by I(x) = x.
Limit
The domain is the set of real numbers.
The range of the identity function is also the set of
all real numbers.
Polynomial Functions
A polynomial in the variable x is a function that
can be written in the form,
Main Limit Theorems
Domain and Range of Linear Function
 The Limit of a Constant Theorem
The domain of a linear function is the set of real
 The Limit of a Function x
numbers {x/x is a real number}.
 Limit of a Constant and a Function f(x)
The range of the linear function is the set of real
 Limit of Sum and Difference of Functions
numbers {y/y is a real number}.
 Limit of Product of Functions
 Limit of Quotient of Functions
 Limit of Power of Functions And man said: “ It is good.”
 Limit of Root of Functions On the fourth day, man saw the animals leaping in
the fields and playing in the sun.
And man said: “Let us trap the animals for money
and shoot them for sports.” And man did.
And man said: “ It is good.”
On the fifth day, man felt the cool breeze on his
face.
And man said: “Let us burn our garbage and let the
wind blow away the smoke and the dust.” And man
did.
And the air became dirty with smoke and poisonous
gases.
And man said: “ It is good.”
On the sixth day, man saw the many kinds of people
on the earth
Difference in race, color, and creed. And man
feared and said:
“Let us make bombs and missiles in case
misunderstandings arise.”
GENESIS IN REVERSE And man did. And missile sites and bombs
destroyed different countries.
On the beginning was the Earth. It was beautiful.
And man said: “ It is good.”
And man lived upon the earth,
On the seventh day, man rested. And the earth was
And man said: “Let us build skyscrapers and
quite and still.
expressways.”
For man was no more. He was dead. “And it was
And man covered the earth with steel and concrete.
good.”
And man said: “ It is good.”
On the second day, man looked upon the clear blue
waters of the earth.
And man said: Let us dump sewage and washes into
the waters.”
And man did. The waters became dark and dirty.
And man said: “ It is good.”
On the third day, man gazed at the forests on the
earth. They were tall and green.
And man said: “Let us cut the trees and build things
for ourselves.”
And man did. And the forests grew thin.
Basic Differentiation Properties BASIC DIFFERENTIATION RULES
DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS

RULES FOR DIFFERENTIATION