June 23, 1898 - Aguinaldo shifted from a dictatorial gov’t to a revolutionary gov’t

On the 23rd day of June 1898, upon Apolinario Mabini's advice, the dictatorial government was
abolished and replaced by a revolutionary government with Emilio Aguinaldo as the President and
Captain-General of its army. At the same time, four major departments were created such as foreign
affairs, war and public works, navy and commerce, police and international order, and finance,
agriculture, and manufacturing industry. According to Aguinaldo, "the struggle for the independence of
the Philippines shall continue until all nations, including the Spanish, shall expressly recognize it, and to
prepare the country so that the true republic may be established."
The transition to a revolutionary government happened five days after the formal establishment of
a dictatorial government. It occurred after Aguinaldo decreed the reorganization of municipalities and
provinces and stipulated the town chiefs' right to be delegates to the Revolutionary Congress. According
to Mabini, the shifting of a dictatorial government to a revolutionary government was done to prevent
other provinces from questioning Aguinaldo's dictatorial rule.
The shift to revolutionary government paved the way for the fulfillment of its aims. The
Americans came, and through the Treaty of Paris of 1898 on December 10, the Philippines attained its
independence from Spain, via the Americans' spending of 20 million dollars to acquire the Philippines.
The constitution drafted by the revolutionary congress on September 15 was approved by the congress on
November 29 and finally approved by the President on December 23 of the same year. Then on January
23, 1899, the first republic was formally established, inaugurating Emilio Aguinaldo as the first President.

SOURCES:
https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/araw-ng-republikang-filipino-1899/
https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/downloads/1898/06jun/18980623-English-Aguinaldo-Establishing-
Revolutionary-Government.pdf
https://nhcp.gov.ph/the-first-philippine-republic/
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