EMPOWERMENT -The increasing prevalence of

Software as a Service (SaaS), web

TECHNOLOGIES apps and cloud computing
-Mobile computing
INTRODUCTION TO -Mash-ups
-Social networking
INFORMATION AND -Crowdfunding or Crowdsourcing
COMMUNICATIONS -User-generated content (UGC)
Unified communications (UC)
TECHNOLOGY -Social curation

Tools of Web 2.0:

SOCIAL MEDIA
-allows people to interact with one another
exchange information, career interests,
ideas, and pictures/videos in virtual
communities and networks.

SOCIAL BOOKMARKING
-is a user-defined taxonomy system for
bookmarks.
The technology that lets users organize their
access to the web sites by storing the
preferred sites that have been recently
accessed, and then maybe accessed later on.

PODCAST
WEB 1.0 -an audio (or video) file.
-An evolution of web that is considered -a “podcaster” can solicit subscriptions from
“read-only web.” listeners, so that when new podcasts are
-is considered the foundation of web released, they are automatically delivered, or
technology. fed, to a subscriber's computer or mobile
device.
WEB 2.0
-An evolution of web that is considered EDUCATIONAL TOOLS
“read-write web.” Electronic portfolios(ePortfolios or
-Elements of Web 2.0: Webfolios)-storage medium for
-Online database with adjustable individuals who wish to store learned
content information.

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 LMS(Learning Management
Systems)-a software-based platform
that provides infrastructure,
framework, and tools to facilitate
online learning and training.
HISTORY OF WEB 2.0
● The foundational components of Web 2.0
are the advances enabled by Ajax and
other applications such as RSS and Eclipse
and the user empowerment that they
support.
● Darcy DiNucci coined the term “Web 2.0"
in her 1999 article, "Fragmented Future”,
indicating that the Web will be known to
be a "transport mechanism. Darcy foresaw
that the Web will be seen not only on
personal computer units but in TV sets, car
dashboards, mobile phones, and hand-held
game machines as well.
● Tim O'Reilly is generally credited for
popularizing the term. O'Reilly Media has
subsequently been energetic about trying
to copyright "Web 2.0" and holds an
annual conference of the same name.
WEB 2.0 TECHNOLOGIES
ADOBE FLASH
-is the plug-in on browsers used for
delivering high-impact, rich Web content.
-Designs, animation, and application user
interfaces are deployed immediately across
all browsers and platforms, attracting and
engaging users with a rich Web experience.
MICROSOFT SILVERLIGHT
-is a powerful development tool for
engaging in interactive user experiences for
Web and mobile applications similar to
Adobe Flash.
-This tool is a free plug-in that is based on
the .NET framework and compatible with
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multiple browsers, devices, and operating
systems.
JAVASCRIPT
-is the programming language of HTML and
the Web used to define the behavior of web
pages.
-An instance of this is a new window being
displayed after clicking an image, text
shown in marquee mode), or control being
in and out of visibility.
*Manufacturing 2.0
-takes typical Web 2.0 apps and services and
incorporates them into every stage of
development and production.
*Enterprise 2.0
-the inclusion of Web 2.0 technologies into
an enterprise’s business processes, intranet
and extranet are sometimes referred to as
Enterprise 2.0 (E2.0).
-Most enterprise 2.0 followers use a
combination of blogs, social networking,
and social collaborative tools as well as free,
paid and homegrown technologies.
WEB 3.0
-An evolution of web that is considered
“read-write-execute web.”
-the supposed third generation of Internet-
based technological innovations is referred
to as ‘the intelligent Web’.
-defined as a third-generation Web and is
enabled by the convergence of several key
emerging technology trends:
● Ubiquitous Connectivity
○ Broadband adoption
○ Mobile Internet access
○ Mobile devices
○ Network Computing
● Software-as-a-service business models
 ○ Web services interoperability
○ Distributed computing (P2P, grid
computing, hosted “cloud
computing” server farms such as
Amazon S3)
● Open Technologies
○ Open APIs and protocols
○ Open data formats
○ Open-source software platforms
○ Open data (Creative Commons,
Open Data License, etc.)
● Open Identity
○ Open identity (OpenID)
○ Open reputation
○ Portable identity and personal data
● The Intelligent Web
○ Semantic Web technologies
○ Distributed databases
● Intelligent applications
UBIQUITOUS COMPUTING
-The following defines clearly the elements
involved in a pervasive computing system:
Information Context-Aware
-The ability to collect, metricize, monitor
and platform machine to machine M2M,
machine to human M2H telemetry across a
wide range of structured, semi-structured
and unstructured data
Situation Context-Aware
-The ability to create new physical and
virtual environments with intelligence
information a process context from the level
large to the very small.
Internet of Things
-The ability to multiplex and multiplicity of
entities, assets and services spacing beyond
the computing sphere into many other
metasystems in social, commercial,
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organizational, biological and sustainability
system
MORE INTELLIGENT WEB
● The threshold of the third-generation
Web will have been crossed in 2007. At
this juncture, the focus of innovation
will start to shift back from front-end
improvements towards back-end
infrastructure level upgrades to the Web.
● Because the focus of the third-generation
Web is quite different from that of Web
2.0, this new generation of the Web
probably does deserve its own name.
● In keeping with the naming convention
established by labeling the second
generation of the Web as Web 2.0, this
third-generation of the Web could be
called Web 3.0.
More Intelligent Web: Technological
Convergence
Digital convergence
-refers to the convergence of four industries
into one conglomerate, ITTCE (Information
Technologies, Telecommunication,
Consumer Electronics, and Entertainment). -
Previously separate technologies such as
voice (and telephony features), data (and
productivity applications), and video can
now share resources and interact with each
other synergistically.
Telecommunications convergence
-also knows as network convergence
-is the term used to describe emerging
telecommunications technologies, and
network architecture used to migrate
multiple communications services into a
single network.
Media convergence
-is defined as the interlinking of computing
and other information technologies, media
content, and communication networks that
have arisen as the result of the evolution and
popularization of the Internet as well as the
activities, products, and services that have
emerged in the digital media space.
SOCIAL AND ASSISTIVE MEDIA
SOCIAL MEDIA
-a collection of communication channels
accessed through the Web and mobile
applications with the purpose of allowing
users to interact, collaborate, and exchange
information, interests, ideas, and any visual
representation with another user in a Web-
based community.
Types of social media:
Microblogging - is a web service, which
allows the subscriber to broadcast short
messages(microposts) to other subscribers of
the service.
Note: Microposts can be made public on a
Web site and/or distributed to a private
group of subscribers.
Social curation(content aggregation) - is
collaborative online sharing of content
organized around by an individual or
number of people within the community
-is sometimes proposed to mitigate how
other discriminators disagree of the term
curation as it is originally meant for the ones
used in the field of arts.
Wikis-are content management systems that
provide collaborative modification of its
content and structure directly from the web
browser.
Note: Coined from a Hawaiian term which
means quick, a wiki is run using wiki
software, otherwise known as a wiki engine.
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In a typical wiki, text is written using a
simplified markup language (known as "wiki
markup"), and often edited with the help of
a rich-text editor.
ASSISTIVE MEDIA
-is an Internet-based audio reading service
for people with reading impairments.
-This opens a unique avenue of accessibility
for said individuals with visual, cognitive,
and communication disabilities.
EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY
● Research findings show that ICT can lead to
improved student learning and better
teaching methods.
● It has proven effective in contributing to
universal access to education, equity in
education, the delivery of quality learning
and teaching, teachers’ professional
development and more efficient education
management, governance and
administration.
ADVANTAGES:
● Through the use of ICT tools, mentors may
be able to use images that will allow
memory retention and boost of interest
ensuring students' comprehension
● Through the use of ICT tools, mentors may
be able to explain complicated instructions
and be able to easily access resources to
knowledge being imparted to the students.
● Through the use of ICT tools, mentors may
be able to create an environment making
the modules enjoyable, which could
improve student attendance and
concentration.
DISADVANTAGES:
● The tools should be made available during
the class. It would be a burden for the
 whole class if they will be unable to access
the resources needed due to slow
connection, loss of internet bandwidth, or
sudden power outage.
● The tools are expensive to afford -
desktop/laptop units, licensed software,
routers/switches, LAN cables, and so
many more cost more than markers,
whiteboards, and board eraser.
● Teachers should have a broad experience
and knowledge when it comes to ICT tools
usage.
LEARNING MANAGEMENT
SYSTEMS (LMS)
-is the most common option/format for
teaching online.
-Learning Management System functions
solely as an online classroom where
professors can:
○ discuss modules online,
○ upload reading materials,
○ play educational videos and audio
files,
○ carry out learning activities,
○ make announcements,
○ assess and grade student work.
-store and deliver materials developed in a
variety of different formats — everything
from MS Office documents to videos and
third-party applications.
-All LMSs have “standard” or typical and
uniform features, including:
○ Analytics (with varying degrees of
quality)
○ Apps
○ Assignment submission
○ Discussion forum
○ File upload/ download capacity
○ Grading
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○ Instant messages
○ Online calendar
○ Online news and announcement
(institution and course level)
○ Online quiz
○ Wiki
○ Widgets that allow connections to
social media
-serve many functions, but it is best to think
of them as a repository or vehicle for
learning, not the learning itself.
-do not support content creation and their
functionality is usually limited. Rather, the
professor with an instructional designer, or
an instructional designer, design content,
using separate, dedicated content authoring
software, and places content in the LMS and
runs classes, discussions, quizzes through
the LMS.
-factors in considering LMS are (not in
order):
○ Cost
○ Ease of use
○ The LMSs (and company’s) maturity
and presence
○ Appearance (look and feel)
○ The ability to integrate with existing
Student Information Systems
(SIS)/Education Information
Management Systems (EMIS)
○ Suite of supports
○ Special features
SOCIAL MEDIA AND PEER-TO-
PEER PLATFORMS
-free social media networks can be an
alternative to an LMS.
-Edmodo, for example, is a free educational
social networking application. This type of
application is used as an alternative to LMSs
by universities and Ministries of Educations
and schools all over the world.
CONFERENCING
APPLICATIONS
ONLINE MEETING
-An alternative LMS that mimics the
traditional lecture one finds in university or
classroom. The instructor can lecture, share
notes or a presentation and students can
even virtually raise their hands and ask
questions/ communicate through voice or
chat.
TWO-WAY AUDIO
-A final option is to use a two-way video for
one-to-one coaching and tutoring (for
example, Skype or Google Hangouts).
-This is an extraordinarily powerful form of
online learning because it can provide
intensive one-to-one (or one-to-many)
instruction and support and make e-learning
less impersonal and more “face-based.”
ONLINE SAFETY, SECURITY,
ETHICS, AND ETIQUETTE
YOUR ONLINE AND OFFLINE
IDENTITY
-As more time is spent online, your identity,
both online and offline, can affect your life.
Your offline identity is the person who your
friends and family interact with on a daily
basis at home, at school or at work.
-Your online identity is who you are in
cyberspace. Your online identity is how you
present yourself to others online.
-Your online identity can also be considered
as an actively constructed presentation of
oneself.
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-An online identity may even be determined
by a user's relationship to a certain social
group they are a part of online.
YOUR ONLINE DATA
DATA AND INFORMATION
-Any information about you can be
considered your data. This personal
information can uniquely identify you as an
individual. This data includes photos and
messages that you exchange with your
family and friends online.
-Other Information, such as name, social
security number, date, and place of birth, or
mother‘s maiden name, is known by you and
used to identify you.
Medical Records - Information provided to
you by your doctor, including physical and
mental health, prescription and other
personal information that may not be
medically related, is considered your
electronic health records (EHRs).
Education Records - Your grades and test
scores, your attendance, courses taken,
awards and degrees rewarded, and any
disciplinary reports may be in your
education record.
- This record may also include contact
information, health and immunization
records, and special education records
including individualized education programs
(IEPs).
Employment and Financial Records -
Your financial record may include
information about your income and
expenditures. Tax records could include
paycheck stubs, credit card statements,
credit ratings, and other banking
information. Your employment information
 can include your past employment and your ○ downloading malicious software disguised
performance. as keygens, cracks, and patches
○ downloading files via peer-to-peer networks
TYPES OF ORGANIZATIONAL (for example, torrents).
DATA ○ downloading attachments from emails sent
especially from unknown sources
TRADITIONAL DATA
○ replying to emails involving your credentials
-Corporate data include personnel
such as credit card numbers, social
information, intellectual properties, and
security numbers, and few other things
financial data.
○ installing software applications with bugs,
-Personnel information includes application
glitches, and vulnerabilities
materials, payroll, offer letters, employee
○ plugging in removable media containing
agreements, and any information used in
malicious programs
making employment decisions.
-Intellectual property, such as patents, Common Effects of Malware
trademarks, and new product plans, allows a ○ slowing down your operating system, your
business to gain an economic advantage Internet speed or the speed of your
over its competitors. applications.
○ unexpected pop-ups appearing on the system
○ system crashes frequently or BSOD (Blue
INTERNET OF THINGS AND
Screen of Death) is experienced regularly.
BIG DATA ○ physical disk continues to exhibit excessive
-IoT(Internet of Things) is a large network activity even when you don’t use it and
of physical objects, such as sensors and there is no program or download running
equipment that extend beyond the traditional at that moment, this could be the right time
computer network. to check your system for malware.
-All these connections, plus the fact that we ○ running out of hard disk space
have expanded storage capacity and storage ○ high network activity is being observed
services through the Cloud and ○ new homepage, new toolbars or unwanted
virtualization, lead to the exponential growth websites being accessed
of data. ○ programs automatically open and close
-This data has created a new area of interest without user intervention and unusual
in technology and business called “Big messages seen in them during or after the
Data". booting process
○ system suddenly shuts down for no reason
ONLINE SECURITY THREATS ○ security solution is disabled
AND ATTACKS ○ strange messages sent from your blogs or
Sources of threats emails to your peers via applications in
○ visiting sites that contain drive-by attack your system that you do not have any
codes. control of.

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MALICIOUS PROGRAMS -Unlike viruses and worms, Trojans
do not reproduce by infecting other
files nor do they self-replicate.
Classes of Malicious Software:
4. Bots
1. Viruses
-"Bot" is derived from the word
-virus is a type of malware that
"robot" and is an automated process
propagates by inserting a copy of
that interacts with other network
itself into and becoming part of
services.
another program.
-Bots often automate tasks and
-It spreads from one computer to
provide information or services that
another, leaving infections as it
would otherwise be conducted by a
travels.
human being.
-Almost all viruses are attached to an
-Bots can be used for either good or
executable file, which means the
malicious intent.
virus may exist on a system but will
-A malicious bot is a self-
not be active or able to spread until a
propagating malware designed to
user runs or opens the malicious host
infect a host and connect back to a
file or program. When the host code
central server or servers that act as a
is executed, the viral code is
command and control (C&C) center
executed as well.
for an entire network of
2. Worms compromised devices, or "botnet."
-are similar to viruses in that they
replicate functional copies of
PHISHING
themselves and can cause the same
-is the act of sending an email to a
type of damage.
user falsely claiming to be an
-worms are standalone software and
established legitimate enterprise in
do not require a host program or
an attempt to scam the user into
human help to propagate.
surrendering private information that
-A worm enters a computer through
will be used for identity theft.
a vulnerability in the system and
-Phishing email will typically direct
takes advantage of file-transport or
the user to visit a website where they
information- transport features on the
are asked to update personal
system, allowing it to travel unaided.
information, such as a password,
3. Trojans credit card, social security, or bank
-A Trojan horse is another type of account numbers, that the legitimate
malware that functioned the same organization already has. The
way as it was named. website, however, is bogus and will
-Trojans are also known to create capture and steal any information the
back doors to give malicious users user enters on the page.
access to the system

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 CYBERSECURITY
CYBER THREATS
-Your online credentials are
valuable. These credentials give the
thieves access to your accounts,
which in turn will give them access
to the money you store in your
accounts.
-They could access your online
accounts and your reputation to trick
you into wiring money to your
friends or family. This trick which is
coined as social engineering allows
criminals to send messages stating
that your family or friends need you
to wire them money so they can get
home from abroad after losing their
wallets.
Two types of security threats.
-Attacks originating from within an
organization or from outside of the
organization is known as an internal
threat. When the mentioned attacks
are done from outside the facility,
this is considered to be an external
threat.
-Internal threats also have the
potential to cause greater damage
than external threats, because
internal users have direct access to
the building and its infrastructure
devices.
TYPES OF ATTACKERS
AMATEURS
-These people are sometimes called Script
Kiddies. They are usually attackers with
little or no skill, often using existing tools or
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instructions found on the Internet to launch
attacks.
HACKERS
-This group of attackers break into
computers or networks to gain access.
-white hat attackers break into
networks or computer systems to
discover weaknesses so that the
security of these systems can be
improved.
-black hat attackers take advantage
of any vulnerability for illegal
personal, financial or political gain.
-gray hat attackers are somewhere
between white and black hat
attackers. The gray hat attackers may
find a vulnerability in a system.
ORGANIZED HACKERS
- These hackers include organizations of
cybercriminals, hacktivists, terrorists, and
state-sponsored hackers.
-Cyber criminals are usually groups
of professional criminals focused on
control, power, and wealth.
-Hacktivists make political
statements to create awareness for
issues that are important to them.
-State-sponsored attackers gather
intelligence or commit sabotage on
behalf of their government.
The Consequences of a Security Breach
○ To protect an organization from every
possible cyberattack is not feasible, for a
few reasons. The expertise necessary to set
up and maintain a secure network can be
expensive.
○ A hacker (or hacking group) may vandalize
the company website by posting untrue
information and ruin the company’s
reputation that took years to build.
○ The hackers can also take down the
company website causing the company to
lose revenue.
○ If the company website or network has been
breached, this could lead to leaked
confidential documents, revealed trade
secrets, and stolen intellectual property.
Legal Issues in Cybersecurity
Personal Legal Issues
-You do not even have to be an employee to
be subject to cybersecurity laws. In your
private life, you may have the opportunity
and skills to hack another person’s computer
or network.
Corporate Legal Issues
-Most countries have some cybersecurity
laws in place. They may have to do with
critical infrastructure, networks, and
corporate and individual privacy. Businesses
are required to abide by these laws.
International Law and Cybersecurity
-The area of cybersecurity law is much
newer than cybersecurity itself. As
mentioned before, most countries have some
laws in place, and there will be more laws to
come.
-International cybersecurity law is still quite
new. The International Multilateral
Partnership Against Cyber Threats
(IMPACT) is the first, international public-
private partnership that is focused on cyber
threats. IMPACT is a global partnership of
world governments, industries, and
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academia dedicated to improving global
capabilities when dealing with cyber threats.
CYBERWARFARE
-is an Internet-based conflict that involves
the penetration of computer systems and
networks of other nations.
-These attackers have the resources and
expertise to launch massive Internet-based
attacks against other nations to cause
damage or disrupt services, such as shutting
down a power grid.
-The main purpose of cyberwarfare is to
gain an advantage over adversaries, whether
they are nations or competitors.
-Besides industrial and militaristic
espionage, cyberwar can sabotage the
infrastructure of other nations and cost lives
in the targeted nations. For example, an
attack can cause the following:
○ disrupt the power grid of a major city.
○ traffic would be disrupted
○ the exchange of goods and services is
halted
○ patients cannot get the care needed in
emergency situations.
○ access to the Internet may also be
disrupted.
Confidentiality
-Another term for confidentiality would be
privacy.
-The data may be compartmentalized
according to the security or sensitivity level
of the information.
-Methods to ensure confidentiality include
data encryption, username ID and password,
two factor authentication, and minimizing
exposure of sensitive information.
Integrity
-is the accuracy, consistency, and
trustworthiness of the data during its entire
life cycle. Data must be unaltered during
transit and is not changed by unauthorized
entities.
-A checksum is used to verify the integrity
of files or strings of characters after they
have been transferred from one device to
another across your local network or the
Internet.
-A hash function uses a mathematical
algorithm to transform the data into a fixed-
length value that represents the data. The
hashed value is simply there for comparison.
From the hashed value, the original data
cannot be retrieved directly.
Availability
-Availability is best ensured by rigorously
maintaining all hardware, performing
hardware repairs immediately when needed
and maintaining a correctly functioning
operating system environment that is free of
software conflicts.
FIGHTING AGAINST SECURITY
THREATS
HOW TO COMBAT MALWARE
THREATS
○ Ensure that your operating system is up
to date.
○ Install an anti-virus software in your
PC's.
○ Firewall should always be enabled.
○ Assure that the file to be downloaded is
safe.
○ Be cautious accepting or agreeing to
prompts.
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POINTS TO PONDER TO
SECURE YOUR OWN DATA
○ Use browsers in a private manner
○ You should take care when choosing a
username or alias for your online
identity.
○ Choose your passwords wisely.
○ Be careful when sharing documents,
pictures, and other online resources via
blogs or emails.
○ Be aware of shoulder surfing.
○ Verify data is encrypted.
○ Be aware of social engineering.
○ Use two-factor authentication if it is
available.
○ When connecting via Wi-Fi, log on to a
secure network using WEP or WPA
NETIQUETTE AND INTERNET
CHAT ROOMS
Netiquette - a colloquial term for network
etiquette or Internet etiquette, is a set of
social conventions that facilitate interaction
over networks.
Interactions may be in the form of:
EMAIL
-is a common way of communicating
formally with people as you are able to put
in your message to whom the message is for
(it may be an individual or a group of
people), a summary of the message in the
Subject field, and some critical information
of the sender.
When composing an email, you usually
fill up the following components:
○ To: field:
○ CC: field
○ BCC: field
○ Body
 ○ Signature
CHAT ROOMS
-is the quickest way of sending a message to
the recipient and are usually embedded in
most blog sites. It also shows the status of
the receiver which will give you a hint if he
is available to read the message or not.
USENET
-is a bulletin-type of service containing
newsgroups where the users can post
messages and these posted messages are
distributed via Usenet servers.
CORE RULES OF ETIQUETTE
○ Remember the Human
○ Adhere to the same standards of
behavior online that you follow in
real life
○ Know where you are in cyberspace
○ Respect other people's time and
bandwidth
○ Make yourself look good online
○ Share expert knowledge
○ Help keep flame wars under control
○ Respect other people's privacy
○ Don't abuse your power
○ Be forgiving of other people's
mistakes
Points most strongly emphasized about
netiquette often include:
○ using simple electronic signatures;
this can be done in the settings of the
mailing site.
○ avoiding multiposting, cross-posting,
off-topic posting, hijacking a ○ Understand the professor's expectations
discussion thread, and other
techniques used to minimize the effort
required to read a post or a thread.
○ use of unabbreviated English
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○ avoid flamewars and spam
○ avoid typing in all caps or grossly
enlarging script for emphasis.
CONTEXTUALIZED ONLINE
SEARCH AND RESEARCH
SKILLS
-Research is an integral part of students' life
in creating presentations, solving scientific
problems, and searching for the definition of
an unknown term, but there's more to these
activities than what the students usually do.
-For professionals and academicians,
research assists them in developing new
theories, proposing a new solution to an
existing problem, or analyzing historical
information to determine the origins of a
certain person, object or event.
-The easiest way for students to perform
their research is to do it online. The
following six strategies can help online
students produce stronger research.
The following six strategies can help
online students produce stronger
research.
○ Contact a librarian before getting stuck
sifting through piles of online information
○ It's wiser to over-cite sources than risk
plagiarism
○ Use Google and Wikipedia at the
beginning of a research process, not the
end
○ Online students can access premium
databases that are not available to the
public
for citation format
○ Understand why professors still assign
research projects
SEARCH ENGINES
-are programs that browse documents for
specified keywords and returns a list of the
documents where the keywords were found.
-A search engine is really a general class of
programs; however, the term is often used to
specifically describe systems like Google,
Bing, and Yahoo! Search that enable users
to search for documents on the World Wide
Web.
WEB SEARCH ENGINES
-work by sending out a spider to fetch as
many documents as possible. Another
program called an indexer then reads these
documents and creates an index based on the
words contained in each document. Each
search engine uses a proprietary algorithm to
create its indices such that, ideally, only
meaningful results are returned for each
query.
Common Types of Search Engines:
Local (or offline) Search Engine -
Designed to be used for offline PC,
CDROM or LAN searching usage.
Metasearch Engine - A search engine that
queries other search engines and then
combines the results that are received from
all.
Blog Search Engine - A search engine for
the blogosphere. Blog search engines only
index and provide search results from blogs
(Weblogs).
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The following are steps you need to
consider in searching for a word or
phrase on the Internet:
○ Select a search engine.
○ Type in whatever you want to search on
the allotted text box.
○ Choose a few of the most specific or
relevant keywords or phrases to describe
your topic.
○ If you wish to be specific with the
sequence of the words as you type them,
enclose the words inside double-quotes.
○ Look for the advanced options of the site
you are using if you wish to have a
Verbatim search
○ Click Search or press the Enter key on
your keyboard.
○ Assess your results.
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ADVANCED
APPLICATION
TECHNIQUES FOR
PRODUCTIVITY TOOLS
APPLIED PRODUCTIVITY
TOOLS
PRODUCTIVITY TOOLS
-Productivity software is a type of
application program that helps users produce
outputs such as documents, databases,
graphs, worksheets, and presentations.
-Many productivity applications are
intended for business use. There are some
that are used in schools and universities for
research and assignments.
-Examples of office productivity software
include word processors, database
management systems (DBMS), graphics
software and spreadsheet applications.
OFFICE SUITE
-also called an application suite or
productivity suite, is two or more software
applications bundled and sold together.
Benefits of Software Suites:
○ The biggest benefit of using a software
suite of applications is the compatibility
and integration between them.
○ The software applications in a suite are
designed to work with one another,
making it easier for users to move work
products between them.
○ Another benefit of software suites is
reduced cost.
○ The software suite bundle
applications is generally priced far less
than it would cost to buy each
separately.
Popular Software Suites:
○ Microsoft Office 365
○ Adobe Creative Suite or Cloud
○ Apache OpenOffice
○ iWork
○ Google Docs
WORD PROCESSORS
-A word processor is a software application
that involves composition, modification, and
printing of documents.
-Typical features of a modern word
processor include font application, spell
checking, grammar checking, a built-in
thesaurus, automatic text correction, Web
integration, and HTML exporting, among
others.
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HISTORY OF WORD
PROCESSORS
○ The first major advance from manual
writing as far as the individual was
concerned was the typewriter.
○ Henry Mill, an English engineer of the
early eighteenth century, is credited
with its invention. He was an English
inventor who patented the first
typewriter in 1714.
○ The fact that almost nothing is known
about his early version today is
evidence of its lack of success. The
evolution of typewriters up to a
WYSIWYG (What You See Is What
You Get) typewriter is seen in the table
below.
of
FEATURES OF A STANDARD
WORD PROCESSOR
Basic Features:
○ insert text -Allows you to insert text
anywhere in the document.
○ delete text - Allows you to erase
characters, words, lines, or pages as
easily as you can cross them out on
paper.
○ cut and paste - Allows you to
remove (cut) a section of text from
one place in a document and insert
(paste) it somewhere else.
○ Copy - Allows you to duplicate a
section of text.
○ undo and redo - allows you to
remove the last change done to the
document (undo) and advances the
buffer to a more current state (redo).
Undo rolls back the previous action
while redo rolls back the previous
undo execution.
 ○ page size and margins - Allows you
to define various page sizes and
margins, and the word processor will
automatically readjust the text so that
it fits.
○ Search and replace - Allows you to
direct the word processor to search
for a particular word or phrase.
○ Word-wrap -The word processor
automatically moves to the next line
when you have filled one line with
text, and it will readjust text if you
change the margins.
○ Print - Allows you to send a
document to a printer to get a hard
copy.
Advanced Features:
○ file management - allows you to
create, delete, move, and search for
files.
○ Font specifications - Allows you to
change fonts within a document. For
example, you can specify bold, italics,
and underlining.
○ footnotes and cross-references -
Automates the numbering and
placement of footnotes and enables
you to easily cross-reference other
sections of the document.
○ Graphics - Allows you to embed
illustrations and graphs into a
document. Some word processors let
you create the illustrations within the
word processor
○ headers, footers, and page
numbering -Allows you to specify
customized headers and footers that
the word processor will put at the top
and bottom of every page.
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○ Layout - allows you to specify
different margins within a single
document and to specify various
methods for indenting paragraphs.
○ Macro - is a character or word that
represents a series of keystrokes. The
keystrokes can represent text or
commands.
○ Merges - Allows you to merge text
from one file into another file.
○ spell checker - A utility that allows
you to check the spelling of words.
○ tables of contents and indexes -
Allows you to automatically create a
table of contents and index based on
special codes that you insert in the
document.
○ thesaurus - A built-in thesaurus that
allows you to search for synonyms
without leaving the word processor.
○ Windows - Allows you to edit two or
more documents at the same time.
Each document appears in a separate
window.
ESSENTIAL WORD
PROCESSING FEATURES
TEXT INPUT
-is entered into the word processor from a
keyboard.
TEXT MANIPULATION
-refers to the "processing" part of word
processing.
TEXT FORMATTING
-Word-processing software typically
includes "wizards" or "help" features to
provide automated formatting of common AUTOMATIC REFERENCES
business documents. AND INDEXES
-Typefaces are available in thousands of -Documents that include tables of contents,
varieties, including such commonly known cross-references, indexes, footnotes,
faces as Times Roman, Arial, Helvetica, and endnotes, and captions will benefit from the
Garamond. capability of a word processor to
automatically generate and format these
TEXT OUTPUT items.
-printing a document on paper is the most
common output method HEADERS/FOOTERS
-are typically used in multiple-page
ADVANCED FEATURES FOR documents to display descriptive
WORD PROCESSORS information. In addition to page numbers, a
STYLES header or footer can contain information
-are user-created formatting commands that such as:
allow great control over repetitive
formatting structures within a document.
○ the document name
○ the date and/or time you created or
MACROS AND MERGING
revised the document
-Macros are stored keystrokes or sets of
○ an author’s name
editing and formatting commands, that can
○ a graphic
be replayed whenever needed. Macros can
○ a draft or revision number.
boost productivity and take much of the
tedium out of repetitive word-processing
ENDNOTES/FOOTNOTES
tasks.
-A footnote is a term used to describe
-Merging is the process of using lists of such
additional information found at the bottom
information as names, addresses, phone
of a page.
numbers, product descriptions or model
- An endnote is additional information or
numbers, and so on to fill in designated
credits given at the end of the document
fields or blanks in documents to create mass
instead of at the bottom of each page.
mailings, address labels, directories, and
catalogs.
INDEX
-lists the terms and topics that are discussed
VERSION CONTROL in a document, along with the pages that
-Version-control features allow a user to they appear on.
track the various stages of editing that a
document may pass through, including TABLE OF CONTENTS
versions created by multiple users involved -is a feature of a word processor that lets one
in the creation and editing of a document. contain in a single page all the list of

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headings and subheadings for the entire
document together with the page where they LIBREOFFICE WRITER
are located. -is a word processor and publishing tool
similar to Microsoft Office Word and Corel
DESKTOP-PUBLISHING WordPerfect.
CAPABILITIES
-Graphical images from clip-art collections,
digital photographs, and scanned images,
and drawings created with graphics COREL WORDPERFECT
programs, can be integrated easily into -WordPerfect (WP) is a word processing
word-processing documents. application owned by Corel with a long
history on multiple personal computer
EXAMPLES OF WORD platforms.
PROCESSING SOFTWARE
INTEGRATING IMAGES AND
MICROSOFT WORD EXTERNAL MATERIAL
-When referring to a word processor,
Winword, Word or MS Word is short for MODIFYING AND IMAGE
Microsoft Word and also sometimes used as Modifying an image
an abbreviation for Microsoft WordPad. ○ Crop -is used to remove a portion of
- denoted either by a .doc or .docx filename an image.
extension. ○ Resize - involves changing the height
and/or length of an image.
○ Rotate/Flip - Rotating an image
GOOGLE DOCS involves changing its orientation in a
-is an online word processor program clockwise or counter-clockwise
capable of almost everything a typical word manner.
processor like Microsoft Word is capable of ○ Text Wrapping - allows the
doing without having to download any positioning of the picture relative to
software. the page and text.
-Supported file
types: .doc, .docx, .docm .dot, .dotx, .dotm, . MAIL MERGING AND LABEL
html, .txt, .rtf, .odt GENERATION
-"Mail merging is the use of a computer to
OPENOFFICE WRITER produce many copies of a letter, each copy
-is a software under Apache OpenOffice that with a different name and address stored on
is simple for a quick memo, yet capable of file, or a computer program that does this."
creating complete books with contents,
diagrams, indexes. etc. DATA SOURCE

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-contains the information that can vary in them to be manipulated and used in
each label, such as a destination address. calculations.

ENVELOPE VISUAL DESIGN

-The advantage of using a word processor is -Spreadsheets allow you to lay figures out
that you can directly print a copy of it and on a grid, calculating and manipulating them
fold it out to be an envelope. visually.
-Each envelope will contain an address in
your mailing list. You can also create and AUTOMATIC CALCULATIONS
print envelopes without using mail merge. -Spreadsheet software gives you the ability
to enter mathematical formulas ranging from
LABELS simple arithmetic to complex statistics.
-The following are the documents usually
involved in creating and printing labels DYNAMIC UPDATES
using the mail merge process: Your main -Any time you base the value of one cell on
document, and your mailing list the value of other cells, the value of one cell
updates automatically when the other is
STEPS FOR MAIL MERGING changed.
1. Creating a Main Document/Template.
2. Creating a Data Source. DATA ANALYSIS
3. Defining the Merge Fields in the main -Most spreadsheet software can
document. automatically create graphs and charts from
4. Merging the Data with the main your data, giving you different ways of
document. comparing and analyzing information.
5. Saving/Exporting.
DATA ANALYSIS
STEPS FOR LABEL GENERATION ○ SUM()
1. Setting up the Mailing List ○ VLOOKUP()
2. Prepare the main document for the ○ MAX() and MIN()
labels ○ ROUND()
3. Link the mailing list to your labels. ○ NOW()
4. Add the addresses to your labels. ○ SQRT()
5. Preview and print the labels. ○ ABS(x) Absolute value function
6. Save your labels document. ○ ALOGIT(l) Antilogarithmic function
○ CEIL(x) Rounds x up
SPREADSHEETS ○ E() Euler's number
-is an application designed for managing and ○ EXP(x) Natural exponential function
organizing the data in tabular format. ○ FLOOR(x) Rounds x down
-This type of document lets users arrange ○ INT(x) Integer value function
data in rows and columns of a grid, allowing ○ LN(x) Natural logarithm function
○ LOG(x) Logarithm function

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 ○ LOGIT(p) Logit function data, so we can simply use the Average
○ MOD(x,d) Modulo function function and select the range which needs to
○ POWER(x,p) Power function be averaged.
○ RAND(x) Random number function
(Uniform distribution) Median
○ RANDNORM(m,s) Random number -Median is a function that is used to find the
function (Normal distribution) middle number in a given range of numbers.
○ ROUND(x,n) Rounds the number x to -In a spreadsheet, you can simply use the
n digits Median function and select the range and
○ SIGN(x) Sign value you will find your median.
○ TRUNC(x) Truncates the number x
by removing the fractional part Mode
ADVANCED AND COMLPEX -Mode helps you to find out the value that
FORMULAS AND COMPUTATIONS occurs most times.
VLOOKUP Function -To find the most occurring value, use the
The VLOOKUP formula has four MODE function and select the range you
components: want to find the mode of.
○ Lookup_value
○ Table_array CHARTS AND GRAPHS
○ Col_index_num PARTS OF A GRAPH
○ Range_lookup ○ Title
○ Labels
Conditional Functions ○ Scale
-A spreadsheet evaluates the source against ○ Key/Legend
the criteria, and returns a value if the logical DIFFERENT TYPES OF A GRAPH
test is “true” and a different value for ○ Pie Chart
“false”. ○ Bar Chart
-The elements “value_if_true” and ○ Line Graph
“value_if_false” may be a static value or ○ Scatter Chart
another formula.
PRESENTATION PROGRAM
Array Formulas FEATURES OF PRESENTATION
-A single array formula can perform PROGRAM
thousands of calculations and replace ○ Slides
hundreds of usual formulas. ○ Layout
-=SUM((B2:B10>=A2:A10) * (B2:B10>0)) ○ Templates
○ Animation effects
STATISTICAL FUNCTIONS ■ Entrance
Average Function(mean) ■ Exit
-One of the most used statistical functions is ■ Motion Paths
Mean. Mean is simply the average of all the

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 ■ Emphasis -This is what connects the “anchor” with the
○ Slide master “target”.
○ Transitions
○ Slide notes EXAMPLES OF ONLINE
HYPERLINKS IN PRESENTATION PROGRAMS:
PRESENTATION SOFTWARE ○ Prezi
-hyperlink, or more commonly called a link, ○ Google Slides
allows the viewer to quickly access another ○ PowToon
screen on the computer by simply clicking ○ Emaze
on a text entry or a graphic object ○ Haiku Deck
-Hyperlinks in a presentation software can
link to -
○ another slide in the presentation
○ another presentation file
○ another slide in a different
presentation
○ a website ______________________________
○ an email address IMAGING AND DESIGN
○ any other file on the computer LAYOUT AND GRAPHICS
ANATOMY OF A LINK
ANCHOR
LAYOUT
-This is the object that you click or hover
-The process of planning and arranging in
upon to make the interactivity happen.
detail something such as a page or book to
These may be any images, pictures, or any
be reproduced.
texts that when clicked will allow you to
proceed to the destination.
GRAPHICS
TARGET(DESTINATION) -may refer to any computer device or
-This is what the "anchor" is linked to. program that makes a computer capable of
LINK(HYPERLINK) displaying and manipulating pictures.

-This is what connects the “anchor” with the BASIC PRINCIPLES OF

“target”. GRAPHICS AND LAYOUT
○ White Space
SCREEN TIP ○ Contrast
-can be added to any hyperlink on a ○ Repetition
PowerPoint slide ○ Alignment
TARGET(DESTINATION) ○ Proximity
-This is what the "anchor" is linked to. ○ Balance
LINK(HYPERLINK)

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BALANCE -Related items are grouped together, be
-It is the equal distribution of visual weight. move physically close to each other so that
-Two main types of balance: they appear as one cohesive group rather
○ Symmetrical - an arrangement of than a bunch of unrelated bits.
elements so that they are evenly
distributed to the left and to the right,
or top and bottom of the center.

○ Asymmetrical - an arrangement of
unlike objects
of equal
weight on
each side of
the page.
TIPS ON
CREATING
BALANCE
-Colors have weight (Red = Heavy, Baby
Blue = Light)

ALIGNMENT
-Text/type must be legible. Use simple font. -When items are aligned, the result is a
Also consider the size (Larger = Heavier) stronger cohesive unit. The basic purpose of
alignment is to unify and organize the page.

-
Lines: Thin vs. thick

PROXIMITY

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REPETITION
-It can be anything that a reader will visually
recognize as being a “theme.” Repetition
can be thought of as consistency. It is a
conscious effort to unify all parts of a
design.
CONTRAST
-Contrast is the most effective way to add
visual interest to your page.
-A reader should always be able to glance at
a document and instantly understand what's
going on. Add contrast through your
typeface choices, line thicknesses, colors,
shapes, sizes, space, etc.
Contrast has two purposes:
○ To create an interest on the page. If a
page is interesting to look at, it is more
likely to be read.
○ To aid in the organization of the
information. The message should be clear
and easily recognizable.
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WHITE SPACE
-It breaks up the elements on the page.
-It provides a visual breathing room for the
eye.
-Add white space to make a page less
cramped, confusing, or overwhelming.
-It doesn’t actually have to be white.
-White space is also referred to as “negative
space”.
VISUAL MESSAGE
-involves the appropriate considerations of
visual perceptions when designing an
instructional program.
-The interpretation of pictures is based on
prior experiences, culture, etc.
-When designing an instructional program it
is important to consider the culture,
educational ability, and language of the
audience.
-The purpose of visual message design is to
gain attention, create meaning, and facilitate
retention.
Principles of Visual Message Design
Using Infographics
○ BE UNIQUE
○ KEEP IT SIMPLE
○ BE CREATIVE AND BOLD
○ LESS IS MORE
○ SHARING
ONLINE FILE FORMATS FOR
IMAGES AND TEXT
JPEG
-Joint Photographic Experts Group
-are “full-color images that dedicate at least
24 bits of memory to each pixel, resulting in
images that can incorporate 16.8 million
 ____________________________________
TIF
IMAGE MANIPULATION
-TIF is lossless (including LZW
-It is an art that involves transforming or
compression option), which is considered
altering an image using different methods
the highest quality format for commercial
and techniques to achieve desired results.
work.
Principles and basic techniques of image
-TIF simply has no JPG artifacts, no
manipulation:
additional losses or JPG artifacts to degrade
○ Proportion
and detract from the original.
○ Texture
○ Color Blending
EPS
○ Emphasis on Detail
-Encapsulated PostScript
○ Combining Multiple Images
-is a PostScript image file format that is
○ Shadows
compatible with PostScript printers and is
often used for transferring files between
PROPORTION
various graphics applications.
-is probably one of the most important
-EPS files may also include a rasterized
things a designer must possess if he wants to
version of the image used for previewing the
do image manipulations.
contents of the file.

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-This will make the image more realistic if
the original design is extremely farfetched.

TEXTURE
-is the surface quality of the image.
-adds to the depth of the image and blend all
the images together evenly.
-Blending is a huge part of image
manipulation, so textures are something a
designer has to carefully select.

COLOR BLENDING
-Colors like pink, white, yellow, and orange
blend together easily.
EMPHASIS ON DETAIL
-When creating a piece of art, set one area as
the main focus. You want to draw the
viewer’s eyes instantly to that spot.
-Work on focusing attention on the most
vibrant, colorful, or sharp area in the design.

COMBINING MULTIPLE
IMAGES
-Images are like missing puzzle pieces;
without them, you can never fully complete
the puzzle
-In your design, you can use a multitude of
images, but they all have to flow properly
and be used to your advantage.

SHADOWS
-makes the image more realistic, because it
emphasizes the object effectively.
-is realistic in the way that every item has a
shadow if it needs one and every item is
proportional to everything else.

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