ANATOMICAL

PATHOLOGY
First Term: Grammatical contents
 Index
- Modal verbs: may / could.
- Present Simple Tense and adverbs of frequency.
- Comparison of adjectives.
1. Modal verbs
Modal verbs are auxiliary verbs that accompany other verbs. They express things
like ability, permission, prohibition, possibility, obligation, etc.
Modal verbs only have one form, that is, they do not take the -s in the 3rd person
singular in present simple.
Some of the modal verbs and what they express are:
- Can / could / may / might: possibility.
- Can: ability.
- Can / may: permission.
- Should: advice.
- Mustn’t: prohibition.
- Have to / must: obligation.
- Don’t have to: lack of obligation.
Examples:

- Possibility: He may stay at home. The lights are on.

- Ability: I can speak three languages.
- Permission: May I go to the toilet, please?
- Advice: You should go to the doctor.
- Prohibition: You mustn’t park your car here.
- Obligation: You must wear a face mask to avoid Covid19 spread.
- Lack of obligation: Students don’t have to wear a uniform.
Modal verbs: may / could.
2. Present Simple Tense and adverbs of frequency
Present Simple Tense.- We use the present simple to talk about routines and daily
habits; true facts and timetables.

- Routines: I go to the gym three times a week.

- True facts: The river Tagus flows over Talavera de la Reina.
- Timetables: The train leaves at 9.02 am.
Structure
● Affirmative.- Subject + Verb (+s) + (Complement).
○ Example.- I play football on Mondays.
○ He plays football on Mondays.
● Negative.- Subject + don’t / doesn’t + Verb (infinitive) + (Complement)
○ Example.- I don’t play football on Mondays.
○ He doesn’t play football on Mondays.
● Interrogative.- Do / Does + Subject + Verb (infinitive) + (complement)?
○ Example.- Do you play football on Mondays? Yes, I do / No, I don’t.
○ Does he play football on Mondays? Yes, he does / No, he doesn’t.
Adverbs of frequency express how often an action is done.

Never Seldom Sometimes Often Usually Always

___________________________________________________________
0% 50% 100%

They usually go before the verb, except for the verb TO BE.
Ex. I usually do my homework.
John is always late.
How often do you…?
NEVER
HARDLY EVER / SELDOM
SOMETIMES
OFTEN
USUALLY
ALWAYS
ONCE A WEEK
TWICE A YEAR
THREE TIMES A MONTH
EVERY DAY
AT THE WEEKENDS
ON WEEKDAYS (Mon-Fri)
ON TUESDAYS
3. Comparison of adjectives

- Inferiority degree: less + adjective + than

Paul is less tall than Peter.

- Equality degree: as + adjective + as

Paul is as tall as Peter.
- Superiority degree:

Short adjectives: (one or two-syllable adjectives ending in -y).

adjective +-er + than

Peter is taller than Paul.

Long adjectives: two or more syllables adjectives.

more + adjective + than

Peter is more intelligent than Paul.