Relationship of fractions base on the similarity of thier denominators

If two or more fractions have the same denominator then the fractions are similar fractions.

Similar Fractions - two or more fractions with the same denominator

Example
1 and 3 Notice that all the denominator of pairs of fracrions are the s
4 4

5 and 2
7 7

3 and 6
11 11

7 and 5
12 12

If two or more fractions have different denominators the the fractions are dissimilar fraction

Dissimilar fractions - two or more fractions with different denominator

Example
2 , 1 and 3 Notice the the denominators of the group of fractions are diff
3 2 4
Even in a group of fractions if there is atleast one fraction wi
1 2 and 7
7 , 9 12
 of pairs of fracrions are the same

the group of fractions are different.

here is atleast one fraction with different denominator the group will be considered as dissimilar fraction
 Operation of Similar Fraction

Addition of similar fraction

Steps in addition of similar fraction

In addition of similar fraction the following steps should be followed assuming that the fraction are all proper fractions
1. add the numerators of the fractions
2. copy the common denominators of the fraction
3. Simplify the result if not in the simplified form

Example

2 1 = 3
3 + 3 3 or 1
2 3 5
7 + 7 = 7

5 5 10 4 2
6 + 6
= 6
or 1 6
or 1 3

8 9 17
11 + 11
= 11
or 1 116
7 5 12
12 + 12
= 12
or 1

Subtraction of similar fractions

Steps in subtraction of similar fraction

In subtraction of similar fraction the following steps should be followed assuming that the fraction are all proper fractions
1. subtract the numerators of the fractions
2. copy the common denominators of the fraction
3. Simplify the result if not in the simplified form
2 1 = 1
3 - 3 3

5 2 = 3
7 - 7 7

8 2 = 6 1
9
- 9 9
or 3
on are all proper fractions

action are all proper fractions

Involvement of mixed numbers

In case of mixed numbers has been involve in any 4 fundemental operation,

the mixed numbers should be converted to improper fraction before
performing operation.

Example
How to change mixed number to improper fractio
Give the sum of 2 1/9 and 4/9

1 4 2× 9+ 1 4
2 9 + 9
=
9
+ 9 Whole number
=
19 + 4
9 9 How to change improper fraction to mixed numb

23
=
9 Numerator
Denominator
5
=
2 9

Give the difference of 5 1/4 and 2 3/4

1 3
5 4 - 2 4

5×4+1 - 2×4+3
4 4

21 - 11
4 4

10
4

2
2 4

1
2 2
d number to improper fraction

numerator = whole number × denominator

+ numerator
denominator denominator

oper fraction to mixed numbers

merator = remainder
Whole number part of
ominator the quotient denominator
The least common denominator is used to
convert dissimilar fractions to similar ones
without changing the value of the fraction.

The process of finding the least common denominator and the least common multiple is almost the same.

Example: What is the LCD of the following

1
9

5
12

7
15

Find the LCM of

9
12
15

by prime factorization method

9 = 3 × 3
always align a same factor together to
12 = 3 × 2 × 2 figure out what is the smallt number
15 = 3 × 5 that can be divided by 9, 12 and 15
3 × 3 × 2 × 2 × 5 = 180

LCM = 180

Example: What is the LCD of the following

1 = 20 × 1 = 20
9 180 180

5 = 15 × 5 = 75
12 180 180

7 = 12 × 7 = 84
15 180 180
Notice that the fraction with LCD doesn't change its
actual value but it is no longer in the simplest form
To add disimilar fraction we must find the lcd of the fractions then perform the operation

Example

1 + 3 =
4+
9
= 13 = 1
1
3 4 12
12 12 12

1 + 2
2 1 =
8 3

17 + 5 =
8 3

22 6 3
or 2 or 2
8 8 4

To subtract dissimilar fractions, we must make the fractions silmilar to each other using the LCD

Example

3 - 1 = 9 - 4 = 5

4 3 12 12 12

1 - 2
2
5 4 3
21 - 8

4 3

63 - 32

12 12

31 7
or 2
12 12
In multiplication of proper fraction multiply the numerator by
numerator and denominator by a denominator , then simplify
the result if possible

Example

1 × 3
2 4

1×3
2×4

3
8

In multiplication of mixed numbers, rewrite first the mixed

numbers to improper fraction then apply the same procedure
as proper fraction

1 × 1
2 2 4

5 × 1
2 4

5
8

In division of fractions get the multiplicative inverse of the

divisor the proceed to multiplication

3 ÷ 1
4 2

3 × 2
4 1

6 or 3
4 2
 or 1
1
2

In division of mixed numbers convert the mixed number first

to improper fraction then proceed to the same process as
division of proper fraction

2 ÷ 4
5 3 9

17 ÷ 4
3 9

17 × 9
3 4

153 51
or
12 4

3
12 4
Activity
Instruction: Answer the following, write your solution on 1 whole sheet of paper

A. Give the sum of the following

2 1
1)
3
+ 3

5 1
2)
7
+ 7

6 1
3)
11
+ 3

7 4
4)
12
+ 9

5 8
5)
8
+ 9

B. Give the difference of the following

2 1
1)
-
3 3

5 1
2)
-
7 7

9 1
3)
-
11 3

7 4
4)
-
8 9

7 5
5)
-
 -
9 9

C. Give the product of the following

2 1
1)
3
× 3

5 1
2)
7
× 7

6 1
3)
11
× 3

7 4
4)
12
× 9

5 8
5)
8
× 9

D. Give the quotient of the following

2 1
1)
3
÷ 3

5 1
2)
7
÷ 7

6 1
3)
11
÷ 3

7 4
4)
12
÷ 9

5 8
5)
8
÷ 9