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U1:

Company structure is a matter of choice

Company structure is a matter of choice means that choice plays an imporotant role in determining the company
structure. We need to pay attention to the environment that will determine the future of the company. That
environment is dominated by one thing: choice. Globalisation and technology enable individuals and firms to
collect information and manage their economic activity outside traditional structures, which gives them more
choices. Consumers have more choices where they spend money, producers can choose more different suppliers,
there are more choices over which shareholders put there money. Obviously, the structure of future companies
bases on the environment that they operate in.
U2:

1. How to motivate people through inspiring fear?

Producing nervousness is a technique that motivates subordinates to notch up in some situation. In sport, managers
always utilize fear-based technique in management that can help their staff get ahead. For instance, Bobby Knight,
a former basketball coach at Indiana University, who tries to strangle his subordinates by inspiring anxiety. It is as
same as business that leaders will make their staff worry when their project is not good. One of the most successful
chiefs in the world is Bill Gates, who brings this tactic into play to make his employees fear all year but they are
never hurt by shouting in annual meeting. On the general, fear or any form of punishment can be used to motivate
staffs successfully in some situation.
2. Fear can provide essential emotional kick needed to meet a challenge.
Anxiety helps people make progress in emotion and concious so they can get ahead. Fear is one of our emotion
that keeps you away from danger, so when you worry about something, you will try to find out a path that can help
you resolve it instead of keeping it in secret. In business, staff always think about their concerns such as fear of
dismissal, fear of cutting salary down,… that makes them want to figure out the best choice which is the lowest
damage to make development in their company and themselves. Subordinates are responsible for marketing who
are fear of scolding for not attracting customers will work out many methods to advertise company’s products to
buyers. On the flip side, people without fear just work for what they love and reject to what they don’t want to do
so they can’t stimulate themselves. In conclusion, many staff can be developed by producing nervousness that may
create motivation to get through challenge.

3. Fear can become a barrier to taking risk.

Obstacle to engage in hazardous activities is fear. There are many types of anxiety such as fear of dismissal, fear of
losing face,… that are inspired by leaders led to a lot of terrible consequences that has an influence physical and
mental health in long term. When they dwell on these concerns too much, they will be dissatisfied with their life
and are always fatigue. Thus, they are not eager to make any decision on their projects. For instance, overthinking
about fear of dismissal, staffs work under pressure and feel stress, so that they can be cracked up and be reluctant
to decide anything. After all, making staffs worry can be obstacle to take risk although it has many advantages.
4. The most appropriate way of motivating staff may differ according to the situation and the personal and
cultural background of those involved.
Depending on the situation, the personal and cultural background, each manager has different way to motivate
their staff. In successful companies, leaders prefer to empower their subordinates by delegating authority and
decision–making, sharing information and asking for their input. They give workers particular jobs, clear
instructions, realistic deadlines and take care to give only constructive criticism to employees. Besides, flexi-time
management may become a good motivator. By trusting employees about managing their time, creating a
comfortable workplace, encouraging,… managers can increase their morale to achieve more goals. On the other
hands, in economic downswing, fear-based management can become motivation technique to moivate staff. Fear is
a powerful motivator because it can provide some emotional kick needed to meet a challenge. In conclusion, it will
be success for business when choosing appropriate management style.
5. The type of leader needed to head a successful firm might be quite different from the ruthless person
needed to turn around a failing company.
Successful and failing are like two sides of the same coin in business, management style in economic upswing and
leadership style in the economic downswing are very distinct. In successful firms, the manager mostly uses
delegation as a tool of management. By this way, manager can motivate their staff without pushing them to limit.
Moreover, employees can freely show their expertise and feel that they are a part of a team and that way also gives
them a real sense of belonging and that, in turn, generates responsibility towards the organisation. In addition,
leaders should understand their employees, give bonus if some staff do great to create a good working environment
and softly explain to subordinates when they run into trouble or make mistake. In failing companies, managers
usually apply fear-based management style that can help workers stranform terror into motivation to meet a
challenge. In conclusion, manager should choose appropriate management style to run the company developed.

U4

Arguments in favour of golden parachute ban

The term “golden parachute” in business describes that a large payment made to an executive if they are
kicked off from their company. However, some CEOs who have poor performances and want to be paid high
salary that is unacceptable demand for companies and shareholders. That why they need to iron out
“golden parachute” from poor performances of the top senior adminitration because of a step forward of
the company. Effective working CEOs are deserve to be rewarded collosal pay packages due to their
contribution, yet some others are slacking and pay themselves whatever they want. This trouble can chop
down revenue of the company and make shareholders angry and sue the company for a legal fight. Thus,
companies need to recruit truly talented executive who can help them make development and conduct a
survey on bosses from staff without no binding or being threaten. “Golden parachute” can become a gift or
a disaster that is depended on the decision and the acknowledge of the company.
‘Fat cat’ bosses’ arguments against golden parachute ban
“Golden parachute” is a generous gift which is just worthy of hard-working CEOs although some others who
are call “fat cat” bosses with poor performances want to receive exorbitant pay package. The good bosses
who precise the company and plan strategies to make profits is rather hard to be found out in this tough
economic state. This is completely sharp contrast to “fat cat”bosses who is just concerned about their
“cream” and no reluctant to use very trick in the book to gain their profits. But when the value of the
company goes down, shareholders and the company reject “golden parachute”, “fat cat” bosses are really
angry at them and they can sue the company bu the law. “fat cat” bosses refuse “golden parachute” ban
clearly because they can deprived “cream” from them. It is ashame of not working but they want high salary,
even “fat cat” bosses argue to against “golden parachute” ban as if they are distinguish bosses. After all,
companies need to consider profoundly before make a decision on hiring a CEO who can help them gain
more revenue.
U5
• Benefits of economic development

• Negative impacts of economic development on social and environmental life

An excess of economic development have an influence on environmental life and society adversely . As people knew ,
making a development in economy is parallel to exploitation and excavation fossil fuel that is prenominal materials in
industrial century , so that human can develop more economic centers over the world. Futhermore , that the rapid
development of economic centers results in the dense population is a jeopardy in the environment by non biodegradable
garbage and many other pollutants which are wasted by human. On the other hands , the more development , the more
space is needed to expand , so that human are willing to chopping dowm trees to build a thousand miles of pipeline
beneath the soil . When the trees are cut down and the soil is polluted by oil spilling , many species will go down
 tremedously by losing their habitat and eating unhygietic food stuff . In short , economic development needs to be
conducted effectively which goes along with environmental protection method to create the well - built world .

U6

1. It was relatively easy in the past to create and market a new brand.

In the past, it was rather simple to create and market a new brand for following reasons. Firstly, they created an
easy-to-remember brand name and designed a straightforward logo or just a signal that a product was something
new. That was the guarantee of quality so customers were willing to pay more. Secondly, companies just promoted
a brand image such as running occational advertisement on mass media or focusing on product features. Moreover,
because there was little regulation and limited competition, it was easy for a brand to become powerful and
maintain its position in the market and high price for years. In short, creating and marketing a new brand was very
simple in the past.

2. Marketers find it more difficult to reach customers today.

It has became harder for marketers to reach customers today for some reasons. It’t undeniable that in the era of
industrialization and modernization, customers are busier and have more choices. When there are too many
choices, consumers become more independent, controlled and more skeptical about marketing. Besides, young
people have participated in marketing courses and they are equipped with marketing knowledge and skill, so most
of them no longer believe advertisements. In addition, traditional marketing techniques such as advertising has
become ineffective. Although the company has paid a lot of money for advertising, customers ignore them and do
not care about them. After all, there is no room for doubt about difficulties in drawing customers’ attention.

3. In this global economy, the new marketing method is to develop a brand not a product. Explain why?

In this global economy, companies have transformed marketing campaign from a product into a brand for many
reasons. Firstly, consumers have changed. In the past, they only cared about features and benefits of the products
that look luxurious, impress and make them aspire to. So companies focus on comsumers by developing brands
that represent their. Secondly, developing a brand that distinguish your products, making your products stand out
and increase competition. Moreover, brands define who we are. Customers can be more confident when they use
well-known products. In addition, brands also define customers lifestyle, affordable,… in short, the right
marketing method today is brand development, not product.

PARAPHRASE
1. Executive pay is the rewards of failure

 The executive received pay package despite their poor performance

2. Company structure is a matter of choice

 The choice play an important role in determining the company structure

3. The USA was run by a handful of big companies who planned the economy in the name of
stability

 The USA economy was durable and run by small number of big companies

4. The football dressing room remains the last refuge of old-style management techniques

 The football dressing room is only place where fear-based management can be used.

5. In sports, more than in most business, the management tactics are out in the open for all
to see

 The management tactics are easier to identify in sport than in business

6. Lots of successful chief executive rule by terror

 Many successful chief executive use fear-based management technique

7. Terror in the workplace is making a comeback these days

 Fear-based management is coming back in business nowadays

8. In an economic upswing, fear goes underground

 When the economic is good, fear is used less as a management tactic

9. The driving fear of failure is not unique to corporate life

 The driving fear of failure is common in many aspects of life

10. That kind of fear is common among creative artists and also in professional services

 Both company employees and creative artists share the same fear of failure

11. Nike had been perceived as being mostly about men

 Nike had been seen a male brand

12. Hoke designed the look and feel of the first Nike Goddess store

 Hoke changed the appearance of the Nike Goddess store

13. Phil Knight and his running buddies singed up athletes to take part in locked rooms

 Phil knight and his partner made contract with athletes without publicity

14. GSK shareholders refused to approve the remuneration committee’s report

 GSK shareholders voted to reject the compensation board

15. When the public mood changes, the realization can take time to sink in

 It takes time to realize the change of the public attitude

16. Shareholders have changed their mind about CEO’s pay package

 There had been the change in shareholders attitude toward CEO’s pay package

17. The vote from shareholders leaves boardrooms in a hard position

 The vote from shareholders push boardroom in a difficult situation

18. The IDB loan could release further finance for the scheme

 The IDB mind unlock another loan for the scheme

19. Lobbying by the green has forced the government and the developers to take precaution

 The government and the developers have to take precaution because of lobbying by the
environmentalist

20. Environmental activists are making an attempt to stop the “Gas for Peru”

 Environmentalist are against the “Gas for Peru” project

21. Jobs will be created as a result of the inward investment

 The inward investment will lead to job creation

22. Historically, building a brand was rather simple

 It was simple to building a brand in the past

23. Brands represent a huge portion of the value of company and increasingly its biggest
source of profits

 A successful brand are the most valuable assets of a company

24. A strong brand acted an effective barrier to entry for competing products

 A strong brand prevented other company from entering the market

25. Customers are now harder and harder to reach

 It is more and more difficult to attract customers nowadays

26. The next round of globalization is underway

 The new global shift is happening

27. Many companies are now setting up facilities in countries that can provide services at a
lower cost

 Many companies relocate back-office operation in oversea facilities to take the cost
advantage

28. Outsourcing abroad can be riskly

 It can be riskly to go offshore

29. Most managers have realized there are substantial saving to be made by outsourcing

 Most managers have realized that they can make significant cost saving from outsourcing.

Glossory
 Entrepreneur: someone who starts a company, arranges business deals and takes risks

 Freelance: someone who works for different companies and is not employed by one.
Freelancers usually receive fixed payments and not a salary.

 Hierarchy: system of authority within an organisation

 Delegate: to give responsibility to someone at a lower level in the hierarchy to enable them
to take decisions

 Analysis: the work of studying data and information

 Pay: money earned by an employee as a salary or wage / to give money to someone in

exchange for items or services

 Consortium: an assocation between two or more companies to work together on a specific

project

 Loan: money lent to an individual or organisation

 Negotiation: the process of negotiating a business deal

 Prosperity: a state of being rich, having economic success

 Marketing mix: the four different components of marketing

1. Place: the distribution and delivery of goods to market

2. Price: the amount of money for which something can be sold

3. Product: normally a manufactured item but also refers to everything that surrounds the
product

4. Promotion: activities that help sell a product

 Back office: the departments of a financial company where routine admistrative tasks are
done without direct contact with customers

 Database: an organised set of information stored in a computer

 Downsize: to reduce the number of emplyees in an organisation

 Offshoring: transferring work to an outside supplier based in another country

 Outsource/ subcontract: transferring work to an outside supplier