HISTORY OF T&H

The History of Tourism and Hospitality
Intended Learning Outcomes
1 2 3
Describe the history Explain the origin of Describe the factors
of tourism and tourism and that favor the growth
hospitality industry; hospitality in the of tourism and
Philippines; hospitality.
Hospitality and Tourism
• The word hospitality predates the use of the word tourism, and first
appeared in the 14th century. It is derived from the Latin hospes, which
encompasses the word guest, host, and foreigner (Ladict, 2014).
• The word tourist appeared in print much later, in 1772. William

Theobald suggests that the word tour comes from Greek and Latin
words for circle and turn, and that tourism and tourist represent the
activities of circling away from home, and then returning.
History of Hospitality and Tourism
• Early travelers migrated for food and hunting
• Phoenicians, Olmecs, early Chinese traveled for trade and military
control
• The Empire Era
• Affluent population with time and money to travel
• Safe and easy travel
• Widely accepted currencies
• Widely used languages
• Legal system which protects personal safety
Cook: Tourism: The Business of Travel, 3rd edition (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 07458. All Rights Reserved
The History of Tourism, continued
• The Middle Ages (5th to 14th centuries) and the Renaissance Era
(14th to 16th centuries)
• Transportation and safety declined
• Less acceptance of currencies and less knowledge of common languages
• Some travel by crusaders to Holy Land
• Marco Polo’s historic travels in the late 13th century
• Increased interest in travel for commerce and pleasure
The Silk Road
• The Silk Road is a term that
refers to a network of caravan
routes traversing Central and
West Asia.
• These trade routes connected
East, South and West Asia with
the Mediterranean and Europe
as well as parts of North and
East Africa.
• The Grand Tour Era (1613 to 1785 A.D.)
• Trend of luxurious travel started by wealthy English
• Developed as a status symbol and spread
throughout Europe
• Goal was to experience the “civilized world” and
study the arts and sciences
• These travels often lasted for several years
• Growth in travel for business reasons
• The Mobility Era (1800-1944)
• Growing economic prosperity
• Increase in systems, modes, and speeds of travel (roads, railroads,
steamships)
• Thomas Cook developed tour packages for mass travel
• Invention of automobile and airplane expanded freedom to travel
Seven Wonders of the Ancient World
• The Great Pyramids of Egypt, including the Sphinx

• The Hanging Gardens of Babylon
• The Tomb of Mausolus at Halicarnassus, in what is now Turkey
• The Statue of Zeus at Olympia
• The Colossus of Rhodes in the Harbor of Rhodes, an island belonging
to Greece
• The Great Lighthouse in Alexandria, Egypt
• The Temple of Artemis (also called the Temple of Diana) at Ephesus
Cook: Tourism: The Business of Travel, 3rd edition (c) 2006 Pearson Education,
Upper Saddle River, NJ, 07458. All Rights Reserved
Seven Wonders of the Ancient World
The Great Pyramids of Egypt, including the Sphinx
Cook: Tourism: The Business of Travel, 3rd edition (c) 2006 Pearson
Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 07458. All Rights Reserved
The Hanging Gardens of Babylon
The Tomb of Mausolus at Halicarnassus, in what is now Turkey
The Statue of Zeus at Olympia
The Colossus
of Rhodes in
the Harbor of
Rhodes, an
island
belonging to
Greece
The Great
Lighthouse in
Alexandria,
Egypt
Cook: Tourism: The Business of Travel, 3rd edition (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 07458. All
Rights Reserved
The Temple of Artemis (also called the Temple of Diana) at Ephesus
• The Modern Era (1945 to present)
• Paid vacations introduced in the early 1900’s made leisure travel possible for
working and middle classes
• Millions of people were introduced to international travel during World War II
• Postwar prosperity made mass ownerships of automobiles possible
• Advent of jet travel shortened travel time
• Time, money, safety and interest in travel led to unparalleled growth of tourism
• Development of mass tourism
Modernization of Food Service
• The restaurant (or restoratives) and the café (coffee shops)
marked the start of the modernization of food service.
• In 1765, a vendor named Boulanger opened a small business

in Paris selling soup and broth. He is known to be the first to
add sheep’s feet with sauce to his menu. This had led to the
establishment of public dining rooms.
Other Milestones
• Passports
Although King Henry V was credited for “inventing” the use of
passport, it was during the Paris Conference on Passports and
Custom’s Formalities that a standard passport was introduced.
• Traveler's Cheques
by American Express Company
Other Milestones
• Accommodations
The Hilton Hotel established the first hotel chain in the United
States. Established in 1943, there are now around 7000 Hilton
branded hotels across the world.
• Low cost carrier

Southwest Airlines started the idea of a domestic carrier offering
cheap fares to its passengers. The business model became so
popular and profitable that other companies followed suit.
History of Tourism
in the Philippines
Important Events in the Philippines Related to
Tourism and Hospitality
1952 1973 1975

R.A. 710 creates the Philippine PD 189 creates the Department Ali-Frazier Thrilla in Manila
Tourist and Travel Association of Tourism (DOT), together with
the Philippine Tourism Authority
(PTA)
R.A. 1478 creates the Board of

Travel and Tourist Industry
•BTTI was organized to regulate, supervise
and control the tourist industry and to The Philippines hosts the Miss
subsidize the PTTA as its promotional arm Universe Beauty Pageant IMW-World Bank Conference
1956 1974 1976

1980 1986 1991

One million tourists reached; PICC EDSA/ People Power Revolution; Philippine Tourism Master Plan
bombed during ASTA Conference tourist arrivals start to recover adopted; Mt. Pinatubo erupts
• – Two million arrivals breached
Ninoy Aquino assassinated; tourist Severe power outages hurt tourism;

arrivals start to decline Luzon earthquake
1983 1990
EDSA II, Sidapan SARS epidemic hurts

Asian financial crisis hits Kidnappings, Rizal Day travel to East Asia; Three million arrivals
the tourism industry bombing hurts tourism boosts domestic tourism breached
1997 2000 2003 2007
1998 2001 2004
Philippine Air Lines (PAL) 9/11 attack; Dos Palmas Asian tsunami diverts
closes temporarily Kidnappings; People some tourist traffic to
Power III the Philippines
DOT launched “It’s More

Tourism Act of 2009 or RA Fun in the Philippines” Six million tourist arrivals
9593 was approved campaign was breached 2019
8.26M Tourists
2009 2012 2017
2010 2015 2018
Hong Kong nationals Five million tourist arrivals Seven million tourist
hostage tragedy was breached arrivals was breached;
Boracay was shut down for
several months
Factors • Rising disposable income for large
sections of the population.
that Favor • Growth in the number of retired
persons who have the desire and the
the Growth energy to travel.
• Increase in discretionary time –
of Tourism shorter workweeks and longer
vacations.
and • Greater mobility of the population.
• Growth in the number of “singles.”
Hospitality
Factors • Greater credit availability through
credit cards and bank loans.
that Favor • Higher educational levels.
• The growth of cities.
the Growth • Simplification of travel through the
package tour.
of Tourism • Growth of multinational business.
• Shift in values.
and • Advances in communication.
• Smaller families and changing
Hospitality role.

HISTORY OF T&H

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HISTORY OF T&H

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The History of Tourism and Hospitality

Intended Learning Outcomes

• The word tourist appeared in print much later, in 1772. William

• The Great Pyramids of Egypt, including the Sphinx

• In 1765, a vendor named Boulanger opened a small business

• Low cost carrier

1952 1973 1975

R.A. 1478 creates the Board of

1956 1974 1976

1980 1986 1991

Ninoy Aquino assassinated; tourist Severe power outages hurt tourism;

EDSA II, Sidapan SARS epidemic hurts

1997 2000 2003 2007

1998 2001 2004

DOT launched “It’s More

2010 2015 2018

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