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 HUMAN SKELETON
SYSTEM

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 Human Skeletal System

It is divided into two parts

1. Axial Skeleton – It lies along the axis of the body.

It includes

→skull
→vertebral column
→ribs
→sternum

It consists of 80 bones

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 ❑Bone
Bone = It is a connective tissue
Study of bone = Osteology
Adult = 206
Infants = 300
Longest bone = Femur (thigh bone)
Smallest bone = Stapes(ear)

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 Head = 29
→ Cranium = 8
→ Face = 14
→ Ear = 6
→Hyoid = 1

Vertebral column = 33 (26)

Ribs = 12 pairs(24)

Sternum = 1

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 2. Appendicular skeleton-

It is situated at the lateral sides.

It is made up of girdles (pectoral and pelvic) and

limb bones (forelimb and hindlimb)
It consists of 126 bones

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 Forelimb (arm bones) = 30 × 2 = 60

Hindlimbs (leg bones) = 30 × 2 = 60

Pectoral girdles (shoulder) = 4

Pelvic girdles (Hip) = 2

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 Articulations or joints
Articulations are the points of attachment of the bones are
also known as joints .
On the basis of their movement they are divided into
different types :-
Immovable joints Example joints in the skull
slightly movable joints example joints in the vertebral
column
freely movable joints Also called synovial joints
synovial joints allow easy movement of bones at joints.
these joints are called so because they contain a cavity
called joint cavity .
This cavity contains a fluid called synovial fluid that allows
easy movement of bones and prevents friction between 2
sliding bones .

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 Types of synovial joints
Ball and socket joints
In these joints a rounded ball like end of 1 bone fitting into
a cuplike socket of another bone.
They are present in hip and shoulder area .

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 Pivot joint
This joint is present in the first and 2nd vertebrae of the neck
that allows the head to move back and forth .

the joint of the wrist that allows the palm of the hand to be
turned up and down is also a pivot joint .

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 Saddle joints
these joints allow angular movement with a
greater range of motion they can move back and
forth and up and down, more freely than the wrist
or fingers .

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 Hinge joints
they are slightly rounded end of 1 bone fits into the
slightly hollow end of the other bone .
in this joint one bone remains stationary while the
other moves .
Like the hinge off a door
examples are elbow joint and a knee joint .

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 Planar joints
the range of motion in these joints is limited and does not
involve rotation .
they are found in the carpal bones in the hand and tarsal
bones of the foot as well as between the vertebra .

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 Condyloid joints
they are sometimes known as ellipsoidal joints .

In this type of joint an Oval shape end of the

bone fits into similarly Oval shaped hollow of
another bone .
this type of joint allows angular movement
along two axes
they are present in the joints of the wrist and
fingers .
can move both side to side and up and down

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