 Management is an art with a scientific

base.
 Management as a science can be learned
through the study of basic rules,
principles and formulas.
 But as an art it is often acquired
through trial and error and the years
of experience.
Management is a process with both
interpersonal and technical aspects
through which the objectives of the
health service organization are specified
and accomplished by utilizing human,
physical resources and technology.

This process can be viewed as a simple

input-output relationships in which the
inputs are (human, physical resources and
technology ) are transformed into desired
outputs ( accomplishment of the
objectives of the organization or part of
it ).
 The system approach
 This approach considers the organization or the
project as a one unit has a specific goal, in order
to attain this goal different component
constituting the organization must interact with
each other.
 The manager has to look to his organization as
an integrated unit from a big organization that
named external environment; this means manger
cannot achieve the goals of his department
except through the goals of other departments,
which participate in achieving the organization
goals.
 Principles of planning
hospital facilities and
services:
A well planned hospital requires a
great deal of a preliminary study and
planning.

 It must be designed to meet all the

needs of people it is serving.
 It must be of a size enough so that the
people can afford and operate.
 It must be well stuffed with a
sufficient number of physicians, nurses
and other trained personnel to give
adequate and efficient service.
 The goal of adequate hospital service
for all people can be only reached by:
1) Determining present and future needs.
2) Evaluating services which now exist.
3) Developing a long-range program, this
program will bring the new and the
existing facilities together in a
systematic pattern of service.
 Thehospital as a key institution in the
community of health care system should
recognize the public nature of its
services and it’s primary objectives
should be rendered as essential
community service.

 In fulfilling this responsibility, the

hospital should accept the following
principles to guide its planning and
operation.
1- patient care of high quality.
2- effective community orientation.
3- economic viability.
4- sound architectural plan.
 1- Patient care of high quality
This should be achieved by the hospital
through:
a) Establishment of competent professional
and technical staff and of the equipments
and facilities necessary to support the
hospital.
b) An organizational structure that assign
responsibility appropriately and require
accountability for the various functions
within the institution including those
particularly related to patient care.
c) Interaction of members of the medical
staff with each others and with other
member of health team through consultation
and conferences.
d) Continuous review by appropriate
persons of the adequacy of care
provided by physician, nursing staff
and paramedical technicians and of the
adequacy with which patient care is
supported by other hospital
activities.
e) Educational activities designed to
improve patient care and to keep the
hospital’s professional and technical
staffs updated with new medical and
technological knowledge.
f) Enforcement of standards and provision
of program for patient care that are
considered desirable by the various
health professions.
2- Effective community orientation
This should be achieved by the hospital
through:
1. A governing board made up primary of
persons who have demonstrated concern
for the community as well as the
leadership.
2. policies that assure availability of
services as needed to all of the people
in the hospital service area.
3. Service programs that extend beyond the
walls of the hospital into the
community and that complement and are
coordinated with service program of
other hospitals and rehabilitation
centers.
4. Participation of the hospital in
community programs to provide
preventive emergency and to teach the
health care practices to community
residents.
5. Leadership of the hospital’s
administrator and other key
management personnel in the planning
and implementation of the community
health care and welfare programs .
6. integration of hospital’s programming
and planning with objectives
established for the community as a
whole.
7. A public information program that
keep the community informed and
identified with the hospital goals,
objectives and plans.
 3- Economic viability
This should be achieved by the hospital
through
a) A corporate organizations that assume the
responsibility for financial management
consonant with the optimum quality of
care and the hospital responsibility for
community service , also this
organizations raises funds when necessary
to supplement the hospital earned
outcome.
b) Patient care objectives that are
consistent with projected service demand
and availability of operating. Financing
for adequate personnel and equipments
required to maintain patient care with
high quality.
c) A program to attract the medical staff,
an adequate number of physician engaged
in family practice as well as the
essential medical specialists to optimum
occupancy of inpatient facilities and
full utilization of outpatient services.
d) Planned program of expansion or
development of facilities and services
based solely on administrated community
needs with consideration of plans of
other community health resources to avoid
unnecessary duplication and confirm with
the health care objectives for the
hospital service in that area.
e) Community participation in the
hospital’s program through sponsors
contributors and volunteers.
f) An annual budget to plan for
monitoring.
1. Service at high level of quality
2. Appropriate standby equipments and services
3. Competitive salaries, wage scale and employer
benefits.
4. Depreciation funding and capital accumulation
for modernization program that will permit the
hospital to keep pace with modern medical and
hospital practices.
 4- A sound architectural plan
This should be achieved by the hospital
through
I. Retention of an architect experiencing
in hospital designing and construction
II.Selection of a size large enough to
provide parking and allow future
expansion and readily accessible to
water and sewage lines and to
population concentration through high
ways, rails, rapid transit or bus
lines.
III.Determination of facility size
appropriate to projected service
demands of the hospital service area
and of departmental areas large enough
to provide the diagnostic and treatment
services required by the hospital’s
medical staff on emergency and day to
day use
IV.Recognition of the importance of
establishing a convenient traffic patterns
both inside and outside the hospital for
movement of physicians, hospital staff,
patients and visitors and others
V. Adequate attention to important hospital
concepts as
1) Infection control
2) Disaster planning
3) Use of hospital service by ambulatory
inpatient as well as outpatients.
4) Intensive care units
5) Psychiatric care programs
 VI.An architectural design that permit

1) Permit efficient use by the hospital

personnel
2) Place departments with complementary
activities together.
3) Anticipate future department expansion.
4) Provide privacy, flexibility and adequate
work space on patient unit.
5) Provide interchangeability of patient
rooms for clinical departments.