Kiran

Greatest Scientists in India

 1. Dr. C.V. Raman
• Dr. C.V. Raman (Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman) was awarded the Nobel Prize
in Physics in 1930 for his revolutionary work on light scattering. Born in
Tiruchirapalli on November 7, 1888, he was the first Asian and non-White
beneficiary of the Nobel Prize in the Science field. Raman also studied the
acoustics of musical instruments. He was the first to investigate the harmonic
aspect of tabla and mridangam drum sounds.
• He found that some deflected light changes wavelength when it passes
through a transparent medium. This phenomenon, now known as Raman
scattering, is caused by the Raman effect.
• In October 1970, he passed out in his laboratory. He was rushed to the
hospital, where physicians calculated his chances of survival were only four
hours. After a few days, he refused to stay in the hospital, choosing to die
surrounded by his flowers on the Institute's grounds (the Raman Research
Institute in Bangalore). He died of natural causes on November 21, 1970.

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 2. Homi J. Bhabha
• Homi Jehangir Bhabha was born in Bombay on October 30, 1909. He was the father
of the Indian nuclear program. His contribution to Quantum Theory and cosmic
radiation will always be remembered.
• He was the first Indian to hold the Chairman position of the Atomic Energy
Commission. Bhabha returned to India after beginning his professional career in
nuclear physics in the United Kingdom. He played a crucial role in persuading the
Congress Party's senior officials, most notably Jawaharlal Nehru, to begin the
ambitious nuclear program.
• Bhabha is widely regarded as the father of nuclear power in India. However, few
people know that he was adamantly opposed to India producing atomic bombs, even
if the country could do so. Instead, he proposed that an atomic reactor be used to
alleviate India's poverty and misery.
• On January 24, 1966, he died when Air India Flight 101 crashed near Mont Blanc. In
his honor, the cross-section of electron-positron scattering in Quantum physics was
renamed "Bhabha scattering."

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 3. Visvesvaraya
• Sir Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya was born on September 15, 1860.
Visvesvaraya served as the Diwan of Mysore from 1912 to 1918. He was a civil
engineer, educator, and statesman. He was awarded the Bharat Ratna, the
highest civilian award of the Republic of India. Sir M V urged that India try to
catch up to industrialized nations because he believes that industry can help
India prosper.
• He is credited with designing the 'automated sluice gates' and the 'block
irrigation system,' both of which are today considered engineering wonders.
Engineer's Day is observed in India on his birthday, September 15.
• Due to the high cost of river beds, he devised an effective filtering method
through 'Collector Wells,' which were only seen in a few places around the
world in 1895.

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 4. Radhakrishnan Venkatraman
• Venkatraman Radhakrishnan was born in Tondaripet, a Chennai suburb,
on May 18, 1929. Venkataraman was a member of the Royal Swedish
Academy of Sciences. He was a world-renowned Radio Astronomer.
• He was an internationally renowned astronomer as well as a designer
and builder of ultralight aircraft and sailboats. He was involved in the
invention of a 10.4-meter millimeter-wave radio antenna, Deuterium
abundance in the galaxy, Astrophysical Raman Masers, OH emission from
clouds, and the low-frequency telescopes' building Gauribidanur and
Mauritius. His observations and theoretical ideas solved many puzzles
involving pulsars, interstellar clouds, galaxy topologies, and other
celestial bodies. He died in Bangalore at the age of 81.
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 5. S. Chandrashekar
• Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar was an Indian American astrophysicist. On
October 19, 1910, he was born in Lahore, British India. He received the Nobel
Prize in Physics in 1983 for his contribution to the mathematical theory of
black holes with William A. Fowler. He is commemorated with the
Chandrasekhar limit. He was CV Raman's nephew. Chandra became a U.S.
citizen in 1953.
• His most well-known work is on the energy radiation from stars, white dwarfs,
stellar dynamics, stochastic process, radiative transfer, the quantum theory of
the hydrogen anion, hydrodynamic and hydromagnetic stability, turbulence,
equilibrium, and the stability of ellipsoidal figures of equilibrium, general
relativity, mathematical theory of black holes and theory of colliding
gravitational waves which are the dying remnants of stars. He died in Chicago
on August 21, 1995, at 82.

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