Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Solutionsmanual Hadisaadat Powersystemsanalysis 2ndedition2002 220102062213
Solutionsmanual Hadisaadat Powersystemsanalysis 2ndedition2002 220102062213
Hadi Saadat
Professor of Electrical Engineering
Milwaukee School of Engineering
Milwaukee, Wisconsin
McGraw-Hill, Inc.
CONTENTS
2 BASIC PRINCIPLES 5
11 STABILITY 244
12 POWER SYSTEM CONTROL 263
i
CHAPTER 1 PROBLEMS
1.1 The demand estimation is the starting point for planning the future electric
power supply. The consistency of demand growth over the years has led to numer-
ous attempts to fit mathematical curves to this trend. One of the simplest curves
is
P = P0ea(t — t0)
where a is the average per unit growth rate, P is the demand in year t, and P0 is
the given demand at year t0.
Assume the peak power demand in the United States in 1984 is 480 GW with
an average growth rate of 3.4 percent. Using MATLAB, plot the predicated peak
demand in GW from 1984 to 1999. Estimate the peak power demand for the year
1999.
We use the following commands to plot the demand growth
t0 = 84; P0 = 480;
a =.034;
t =(84:1:99)’;
P =P0*exp(a*(t-t0));
disp(’Predicted Peak Demand - GW’)
disp([t, P])
plot(t, P), grid
xlabel(’Year’), ylabel(’Peak power demand GW’)
P99 =P0*exp(a*(99 - t0))
The result is
1
2 CONTENTS
P99 =
799.3398
8 . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .
450
7 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 100
. . . . . . .
. . . . . . .
. . . . ........................................ . .
. . . . . .
.
. . . . . .
.
Year
. . . . . .
. . . . . . .
7 .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
FIGURE 1
Peak
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
6
Peak Power Demand for Problem 1.1
. . . . . . .
Power
. . . . . . .
.
.
Dema 6
.
nd .
.
.
5 .
.
5 .
.
.
. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .
CONTENTS 3
2P0 = P0e10a
ln2 = 10a
6
7 7 16
8 8 14
9 9 10
10 10 4
11 11 6
P = 12 8];
d a t a ( : , 3 ) ; ° h C o l u m n a r r a y o f l o a d Dt =
data(:, 2) - data(:,1); °h Column array of demand interval
W = P’*Dt; °h Total energy, area under the curve
Pavg = W/sum(Dt) °h Average load
Peak = max(P) °h Peak load
LF = Pavg/Peak*100 °h Percent load factor
barcycle(data) °h Plots the load cycle
xlabel(’time, month’), ylabel(’P, MW’), grid
result in
Pavg =
Peak = 8
LF = 16
50
16 .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. .
. .
14 .
.
.
.
.
.
. . .
. . .
. . .
1 .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. . . .
2
. . . . .
. . . . .
P
. . .
. . .
1 . . .
MW .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
0 . . . . . .
.
.
................................................... .................................................... ............... ......................................................
8
.
.
. . . .
. . . .
6 . . . . . . . . . .
.
. . . .
. . .
. . . . .
4
. . . . .
. . . . .
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
2
time, month
FIGURE 2
Monthly load cycle for Problem 1.3
CHAPTER 2 PROBLEMS
2.1. Modify the program in Example 2.1 such that the following quantities can be
entered by the user:
The peak amplitude Vm, and the phase angle Ov of the sinusoidal supply v(t) =
Vm cos(ωt + Ov). The impedance magnitude Z, and its phase angle γ of the load.
The program should produce plots for i(t), v(t), p(t), pr(t) and px(t), similar to
Example 2.1. Run the program for Vm = 100 V, Ov = 0 and the following loads:
(a) From pr(t) and px(t) plots, estimate the real and reactive power for
each load. Draw a conclusion regarding the sign of reactive power for
inductive and capacitive loads.
(b) Using phasor values of current and voltage, calculate the real and
reactive power for each load and compare with the results obtained from
the curves.
(c) If the above loads are all connected across the same power supply,
determine the total real and reactive power taken from the supply.
The following statements are used to plot the instantaneous voltage, current, and
the instantaneous terms given by(2-6) and (2-8).
2000
Q=
3464
(b) For the inductive load Z = 1.256 60◦11, the rms values of voltage
and current are
1006
= 70.716 0◦ V
0◦ V =
1 . 414
CONTENTS 7
0 100 200
300 400
wt,
4000 deg
4000
rees
px(t),
3000
2000 ......................................... ................................ ....................................... ..............................
Eq.
2.8
100
0
....
2000 . .. . . .. .. . . .. . .. .. . . .. .. . . .. .. . . .. .. . . .. .. . . .. .. . . .. .. . . . .. . . .. .. . . .. . . . .. .. . . .. .. . . .. .. . . . .. . . .. .. . . .
−2000
−40000 100 20
wt, degrees
FIGURE 3
Instantaneous current, voltage, power,
Eqs. 2.6 and 2.8.
70.71/ 0°
I = 1 . 25/ 60 ° = 56 . 57/ − 60 ° A
P=
2165
Q =
-1250