Linear Combination and Linear Span-1

Mathematics
S.Y.B.Sc.(comp. sci.) Linear Algebra(19CsMATU301)
Mrs. Milan Shivdas Rane
Modern College ,Pune -5
Mrs. Milan Shivdas Rane Mathematics

Linear Combination and linear Span
Definition
Let V be a vector space. A vector w ∈ V is called a linear
combination of the vectors v1 , v2 , − − − − −−, vr ∈ V if w can
be expressed in the form.
w = k1 v1 + k2 v2 + − − − − − − +kr vr where k1 , k2 , − − −−, kr
are scalars.

continue........
Example
1. Let R3 . Let u = (x, y , z) ∈ R3 .
Consider i = (1, 0, 0) , j = (0, 1, 0), k = (0, 0, 1).Then
u = (x, y , z) = x(1, 0, 0) + y (0, 1, 0) + z(0, 0, 1) = xi + yj + zk.
Thus u is a linear combination of i, j, k.

continue........
Example
2. Consider u = (1, −1, 3) and v = (2, 4, 0).
Let w = (5, 7, 3), z = (3, 3, 0). Which of w and z are linear
combinations of u and v ?
Solution: Let if possible k , l be scalar such that w = ku + lv .
Then (5, 7, 3) = k(1, −1, 3) + l(2, 4, 0)

continue........
Example
2. Consider u = (1, −1, 3) and v = (2, 4, 0).
Then (5, 7, 3) = k(1, −1, 3) + l(2, 4, 0)
= (k + 2l, −k + 4l, 3k)
By equality of vectors in R3 , we get

continue........
Example
2. Consider u = (1, −1, 3) and v = (2, 4, 0).
Then (5, 7, 3) = k(1, −1, 3) + l(2, 4, 0)
= (k + 2l, −k + 4l, 3k)
k + 2l = 5 , − k + 4l = 7 , 3k = 3 solving these equation in k, l
we get

continue........
Example
2. Consider u = (1, −1, 3) and v = (2, 4, 0).
Then (5, 7, 3) = k(1, −1, 3) + l(2, 4, 0)
= (k + 2l, −k + 4l, 3k)
k + 2l = 5 , − k + 4l = 7 , 3k = 3 solving these equation in k, l
we get
k = 1 , l = 2. Thus w = 1u + 2v .
Thus w is a linear combination of u and v

continue........
Next , if possible , let scalars k and l be such that z = ku + lv .

Then (3, 3, 0) = k(1, −1, 3) + l(2, 4, 0)

continue........

Then (3, 3, 0) = k(1, −1, 3) + l(2, 4, 0)
= (k + 2l, −k + 4l, 3k)

continue........

Then (3, 3, 0) = k(1, −1, 3) + l(2, 4, 0)
= (k + 2l, −k + 4l, 3k)
k + 2l = 3 , − k + 4l = 3 , 3k = 0.

continue........

Then (3, 3, 0) = k(1, −1, 3) + l(2, 4, 0)
= (k + 2l, −k + 4l, 3k)
k + 2l = 3 , − k + 4l = 3 , 3k = 0. This system is inconsistent .
Hence z cannot be expressed as a linear combination of u and v.

continue........
Example
Let V = M2×2 .Let
1 2 0 1 4 −2
A= ,B = C= . Express, if
−1 3 2 4 0 −2

−1 7
possible , D = as a linear combination of A, B , C .
5 1
Solution :

continue........
Example
Let V = M2×2 .Let
1 2 0 1 4 −2
−1 3 2 4 0 −2

−1 7
5 1
Solution : Let k1 , k2 , k3 be scalar such that

D
= K1 A
+ k2 B +
k3 C , i.e.,

−1 7 1 2 0 1 4 −2
= k1 + k2 + k3
5 1 −1 3 2 4 0 −2

continue........
Example
Let V = M2×2 .Let
1 2 0 1 4 −2
−1 3 2 4 0 −2

−1 7
5 1
Solution : Let k1 , k2 , k3 be scalar such that

D
= K1 A
+ k2 B +
k3 C , i.e.,

−1 7 1 2 0 1 4 −2
= k1 + k2 + k3
5 1 −1 3 2 4 0 −2

k1 + 4k3 2k1 + k2 − 2k3
=
−k1 + 2k2 3k1 + 4k2 − 2k3

continue........
By equality of matrices, we get system of linear equations in

k1 , k2 , k3 as

continue........
By equality of matrices, we get system of linear equations in

k1 , k2 , k3 as
k1 + 4k3 = −1
2k1 + k2 − 2k3 = 7
−k1 + 2k2 = 5
3k1 + 4k2 − 2k3 = 1
This system is inconsistent. Hence D is not a linear combination of
A, B, C .

continue........
Example
Express q = 2 + 6x 2 as linear combination of
p1 = 2 + x + 4x 2 , p2 = 1 − x + 3x 2 and p3 = 3 + 2x + 5x 2 .
Solution :Let k1 , k2 , k3 be such that

q = k1 p1 + k2 p2 + k3 p3

continue........
Example
p1 = 2 + x + 4x 2 , p2 = 1 − x + 3x 2 and p3 = 3 + 2x + 5x 2 .

q = k1 p1 + k2 p2 + k3 p3
i.e.2 + 6x 2 = k1 (2 + x + 4x 2 ) + k2 (1 − x + 3x 2 ) + k3 (3 + 2x + 5x 2 )

continue........
Example
p1 = 2 + x + 4x 2 , p2 = 1 − x + 3x 2 and p3 = 3 + 2x + 5x 2 .

q = k1 p1 + k2 p2 + k3 p3
i.e.2 + 6x 2 = k1 (2 + x + 4x 2 ) + k2 (1 − x + 3x 2 ) + k3 (3 + 2x + 5x 2 )
= (2k1 +k2 +3k3 )+(k1 −k2 +2k3 )x +(4k1 +3k2 +5k3 )x 2
Equating coefficients of like powers on both side, we get

continue........
Example
p1 = 2 + x + 4x 2 , p2 = 1 − x + 3x 2 and p3 = 3 + 2x + 5x 2 .

q = k1 p1 + k2 p2 + k3 p3
i.e.2 + 6x 2 = k1 (2 + x + 4x 2 ) + k2 (1 − x + 3x 2 ) + k3 (3 + 2x + 5x 2 )
= (2k1 +k2 +3k3 )+(k1 −k2 +2k3 )x +(4k1 +3k2 +5k3 )x 2
(2k1 + k2 + 3k3 ) = 2
(k1 − k2 + 2k3 ) = 0
(4k1 + 3k2 + 5k3 ) = 6

continue........
Example
p1 = 2 + x + 4x 2 , p2 = 1 − x + 3x 2 and p3 = 3 + 2x + 5x 2 .

q = k1 p1 + k2 p2 + k3 p3
i.e.2 + 6x 2 = k1 (2 + x + 4x 2 ) + k2 (1 − x + 3x 2 ) + k3 (3 + 2x + 5x 2 )
= (2k1 +k2 +3k3 )+(k1 −k2 +2k3 )x +(4k1 +3k2 +5k3 )x 2
(2k1 + k2 + 3k3 ) = 2
(k1 − k2 + 2k3 ) = 0
(4k1 + 3k2 + 5k3 ) = 6
Solving this system we get k1 = 4, k2 = 0, k3 = −2. Thus
q = 4p1 + 0p2 − 2p3

continue........
Example
5.Find the value of k for which the vector, u = (1, −2, k) in R3 is
linear combination of the vectors v = (3, 0, −2) and
w = (2, −1, −5).
Solution: Since u is a linear combination of v and w .

∴ ∃ α and β such that

continue........
Example
w = (2, −1, −5).

αv + β w =u
i.e.α (3, 0, −2) + β (2, −1, −5) = (1, −2, k).

continue........
Example
w = (2, −1, −5).

αv + β w =u
i.e.α (3, 0, −2) + β (2, −1, −5) = (1, −2, k).
(3α + 2β , − β , − 2α − 5β) = (1, −2, k)
By equating respective component on both sides, we get
3α + 2β = 1
− β = −2 ——————–(1)
− 2α − 5β = k

continue........
solving these equation we get

continue........

α = −1 , β = 2
Since the system is consistent ∴ α = −1 , β = 2 also satisfies
third equation

continue........

α = −1 , β = 2
third equation
− 2α − 5β = k
∴ − 2(−1) − 5(2) = k

continue........

α = −1 , β = 2
third equation
− 2α − 5β = k
∴ − 2(−1) − 5(2) = k
∴ k = −8

continue........
Definition
Let S = {v1 , v2 , − − −, vr } ⊂ V . If every vector in V is
expressible as a linear combination of v1 , v2 , − − −, vr then we say
that the set S spans the vector space V . The set S is called a
spanning set or a generating set for V .
Theorem
If v1 , v2 , − − −, vr are vectors in a vector space V , then
1 The set W of all linear combination of v1 , v2 , − − −, vr is a
subspace of V .
2 W is the smallest subspace of V that contains
v1 , v2 , − − −, vr .

continue........
Definition
Let S = {v1 , v2 , − − −, vr } ⊆ V . The subspace formed by all the
linear combinations of v1 , v2 , − − −, vr is called the linear space
spanned by S or linear span of S.
The linear span of S will be denoted by lin(S) or
lin{v1 , v2 , − − −, vr } or L(S).
Remark
1. If S = φ, then we defined L(S) = 0.
2. If S = {v1 , v2 , − − −, vr }, we may say that the vectors
v1 , v2 , − − −, vr span lin(S).

continue........
Example
1. Determine whether the following vectors span R3 .
v1 = (1, 1, 1), v2 = (2, 2, 0), v3 = (3, 0, 0)
Solution
Let (a, b, c) be any vectors in R3 .The set {v1 , v2 , v3 } will span R3
if (a, b, c) is a linear combination of v1 , v2 , v3 .
i.e. ∃ scalar k1 , k2 , k3 such that
k1 v1 + k2 v2 + k3 v3 = (a, b, c).
k1 (1, 1, 1) + k2 (2, 2, 0) + k3 (3, 0, 0) = (a, b, c)
i.e. if (k1 + 2k2 + 3k3 , k1 + 2k2 , k1 ) = (a, b, c)
i.e. if k1 + 2k2 + 3k3 = a
k1 + 2k2 = b
k1 = c

continue........
solution:
Thus the given vectors span R3 if the above system is consistent
for any values of a, b, c.
This system is consistent
 for all a,b, c iff the coefficient matrix .
1 2 3
A= 1 2 0 
1 0 0
has non zero determinant.
However, det(A) = −6 6= 0.
Thus system is consistent for all a, b, c.
Hence R3 ⊆ L(S).
But L(S) ⊆ R3 is obviously
Hence L(S) = R3 .

continue........
Example
2. Determine whether v1 = (1, 1, 2), v2 = (1, 0, 1) and
v3 = (2, 1, 3) span the vector space R3 .
Solution
Let (a, b, c) be any vectors in R3 .The set {v1 , v2 , v3 } will span R3
if (a, b, c) is a linear combination of v1 , v2 , v3 .
i.e. ∃ scalar k1 , k2 , k3 such that
k1 v1 + k2 v2 + k3 v3 = (a, b, c).
k1 (1, 1, 2) + k2 (1, 0, 1) + k3 (2, 1, 3) = (a, b, c)
i.e. if (k1 + k2 + 2k3 , k1 + k3 , 2k1 + k2 + 3k3 ) = (a, b, c)
i.e. if k1 + k2 + 2k3 = a
k1 + k3 = b
2k1 + k2 + 3k3 = c

continue........
solution:
Thus the given vectors span R3 if the above system is consistent
for any values of a, b, c.
This system is consistent
 for all a,
b, c iff the coefficient matrix .
1 1 2
A= 1 0 1 
2 1 3
has non zero determinant.
However , det(A) = 0.
So v1 , v2 , v3 do not span R3 .

continue........
Example
Do the polynomials t 3 + 2t + 1, t 2 − t + 1, t 2 − t + 2, t 3 + 2,
− t 3 + t 2 − 5t + 2 span P3 ?
Solution:
Let p = at 3 + bt 2 + ct + d ∈ P3 be any polynomial.
Let p1 = t 3 + 2t + 1, p2 = t 2 − t + 1, p3 = t 2 − t + 2,
p4 = t 3 + 2, p5 = −t 3 + t 2 − 5t + 2
Consider p = k1 p1 + k2 p2 + k3 p3 + k4 p4 + k5 p5 ——-(1)
at 3 + bt 2 + ct + d = k1 (t 3 + 2t + 1) + k2 (t 2 − t + 1)
+k3 (t 2 − t + 2) + k4 (t 3 + 2)
+k5 (−t 3 + t 2 − 5t + 2)
= (k1 + k4 − k5 )t 3 + (k2 + k3 + k5 )t 2 +
+(2k1 − k2 − k3 − 5k5 )t+
+(k1 + k2 + 2k3 + 2k4 + 2k5 )
Equating coefficient of like powers of t on both sides,we get
continue........
solution:
k1 + k4 − k5 = a
k2 + k3 + k5 = b − − − −(2)
2k1 − k2 − k3 − 5k5 = c
k1 + k2 + 2k3 + 2k4 + 2k5 = d
i.e. AX = B
Solving these equation simultaneously by Gauss Jordan method we
get
 
1 0 0 1 −1 a
 0 1 1 0 1 b 
 
 0 0 1 1 2 d −a−b 
0 0 0 1 2 2a − b − c

continue........
solution:
Here ρ(A) = ρ(A|B) < n = no. of variables. ∴ system (2) is
consistent and has infinitely many solutions.
∴ from (1) every polynomial p ∈ P3 is expressed as a linear
combination of polynomials p1 , p2 , p3 , p4 , p5 .
∴ Given polynomial spans P3 .

Home work
1. Let V = R2 . Let u = (1, 2), v = (4, 1). Show that {u, v }
spans R2 .
2. Determine whether the following polynomials span P2
Where p1 = 1 + 2x − x 2 , p2 = 3 + x 2 , p3 = 5 + 4x − x 2 ,
p4 = −2 + 2x − 2x 2 .

Linear Independence
Definition
If S = {v1 , v2 , − − − − −vr } is a non empty set of vectors, then
the vector equation k1 v1 + k2 v2 + − − − − +kr vr = 0 always has
at least one solution,namely k1 = 0, k2 = 0, − − −−, kr = 0. If this
is the only solution, then S is called a linearly independent set. If
there are other solutions,then S is called a linearly dependent set.
Remark:
1. An empty set is linearly independent.
2. Any set containing 0 is linearly dependent.
3. A singleton set {v } is linearly independent if th vector v is non
zero. 4. If we obtain n × n system then S is linearly dependent iff
the matrix coefficient ,say A, is not invertible i.e., iff det(A) = 0.

continue.....
Example
1. Let V = R3 . Let S = {(1, 3, 3), (0, 1, 4), (5, 6, 3), (7, 2, −1)}.
Let the vectors in S be v1 , v2 , v3 , v4 respectively.
Consider k1 v1 + k2 v2 + k3 v3 + k4 v4 = 0.
i.e. k1 (1, 3, 3) + k2 (0, 1, 4) + k3 (5, 6, 3) + k4 (7, 2, −1) = 0.
This equation gives the system
k1 + 5k3 + 7k4 = 0
3k1 + k2 + 6k3 + 2k4 = 0
3k1 + 4k2 + 3k3 − k4 = 0
This is a homogeneous system of equations with more unknowns
than the number of equations. Hence it has non trivial solution
and so S is a linearly dependent set.

continue.....
Example
2. Let V = R4 . Let
S = {(1, 0, 0, 0), (0, 1, 0, 0), (0, 0, 1, 0), (0, 0, 0, 1)}.
Let the vectors in S be v1 , v2 , v3 , v4 respectively.
Consider k1 v1 + k2 v2 + k3 v3 + k4 v4 = 0.
i.e. k1 (1, 0, 0, 0) + k2 (0, 1, 0, 0) + k3 (0, 0, 1, 0) + k4 (0, 0, 0, 1) = 0.
i.e., (k1 , k2 , k3 , k4 ) = (0, 0, 0, 0)
i.e., k1 = 0, k2 = 0, k3 = 0, k4 = 0
Hence S is linearly independent set.

continue.....
Example
3. Let V = R3 . Let S = {(2, −1, 4), (3, 6, 2), (2, 10, −4)}.
Let the vectors in S be v1 , v2 , v3 respectively.
Consider k1 v1 + k2 v2 + k3 v3 = 0.
i.e. k1 (2, −1, 4) + k2 (3, 6, 2) + k3 (2, 10, −4) = (0, 0, 0).

continue.....
Example
3. Let V = R3 . Let S = {(2, −1, 4), (3, 6, 2), (2, 10, −4)}.
i.e. k1 (2, −1, 4) + k2 (3, 6, 2) + k3 (2, 10, −4) = (0, 0, 0).
2k1 + 3k2 + 2k3 = 0
−k1 + 6k2 + 10k3 = 0
4k1 + 2k2 − 4k3 = 0
Here the matrix coefficient (A) is a square matrix.

continue.....
Example
3. Let V = R3 . Let S = {(2, −1, 4), (3, 6, 2), (2, 10, −4)}.
i.e. k1 (2, −1, 4) + k2 (3, 6, 2) + k3 (2, 10, −4) = (0, 0, 0).
2k1 + 3k2 + 2k3 = 0
−k1 + 6k2 + 10k3 = 0
4k1 + 2k2 − 4k3 = 0
Here the matrix
coefficient
(A) is a square matrix.
2 3 2

det(A) = −1 6 10 = −32 6= 0.
4 2 −4

continue.....
Example
3. Let V = R3 . Let S = {(2, −1, 4), (3, 6, 2), (2, 10, −4)}.
i.e. k1 (2, −1, 4) + k2 (3, 6, 2) + k3 (2, 10, −4) = (0, 0, 0).
2k1 + 3k2 + 2k3 = 0
−k1 + 6k2 + 10k3 = 0
4k1 + 2k2 − 4k3 = 0
Here the matrix
coefficient
2 3 2

det(A) = −1 6 10 = −32 6= 0.
4 2 −4
Hence the system has only trivial solution.

continue.....
Example
3. Let V = R3 . Let S = {(2, −1, 4), (3, 6, 2), (2, 10, −4)}.
i.e. k1 (2, −1, 4) + k2 (3, 6, 2) + k3 (2, 10, −4) = (0, 0, 0).
2k1 + 3k2 + 2k3 = 0
−k1 + 6k2 + 10k3 = 0
4k1 + 2k2 − 4k3 = 0
Here the matrix
coefficient
2 3 2

det(A) = −1 6 10 = −32 6= 0.
4 2 −4
Hence the system has only trivial solution.
Hence S is a linearly independent set.

continue.....
Example
4. Let V = M2×2 .
1 1 1 0 1 1
Let A = ,B = ,C =
1 1 0 1 0 0
Let S = {A, B, C } .
Consider k1 A + k2 B + k3 C = 0
Thus

continue.....
Example
4. Let V = M2×2 .
1 1 1 0 1 1
Let A = ,B = ,C =
1 1 0 1 0 0
Let S = {A, B, C } .
Considerk1 A + k2 B + k3 C = 0
1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0
Thus k1 + k2 + k3 =
1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0

k1 + k2 + k3 k1 + k3 0 0
∴ =
k1 k1 + k2 0 0

continue.....
Example
4. Let V = M2×2 .
1 1 1 0 1 1
Let A = ,B = ,C =
1 1 0 1 0 0
Let S = {A, B, C } .
Considerk1 A + k2 B + k3 C = 0
1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0
Thus k1 + k2 + k3 =
1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0

k1 + k2 + k3 k1 + k3 0 0
∴ =
k1 k1 + k2 0 0
Thus we get the system
k1 + k2 + k3 = 0
k1 + k3 = 0
k1 = 0
k1 + k2 = 0
which gives k1 = k2 = k3 = 0.
Hence S is linearly independent.
continue.....
Example
Let V = P2 . Let S = {p1 , p2 , p3 } where
p1 = 6 − x 2 , p2 = 1 + x + x 2 , p3 = 3 − 3x − 4x 2 .
Consider k1 p1 + k2 p2 + k3 p3 = 0.
This gives
k1 (6 − x 2 ) + k2 (1 + x + x 2 ) + k3 (3 − 3x − 4x 2 ) = (0 + 0x + 0x 2 )
Equating coefficient of like powers on both sides,we get
6k1 + k2 + 3k3 = 0, k2 − 3k3 = 0, − k1 + k2 − 4k3 = 0
Here the coefficient matrix is square matrix.

continue.....
Example
p1 = 6 − x 2 , p2 = 1 + x + x 2 , p3 = 3 − 3x − 4x 2 .
This gives
k1 (6 − x 2 ) + k2 (1 + x + x 2 ) + k3 (3 − 3x − 4x 2 ) = (0 + 0x + 0x 2 )
6k1 + k2 + 3k3 = 0, k2 − 3k3 = 0, − k1 + k2 − 4k3 = 0
Here the coefficient
is square matrix. Hence
matrix
6 1 3

det(A) = 0 1 −3 = 0
−1 1 −4

continue.....
Example
p1 = 6 − x 2 , p2 = 1 + x + x 2 , p3 = 3 − 3x − 4x 2 .
This gives
k1 (6 − x 2 ) + k2 (1 + x + x 2 ) + k3 (3 − 3x − 4x 2 ) = (0 + 0x + 0x 2 )
6k1 + k2 + 3k3 = 0, k2 − 3k3 = 0, − k1 + k2 − 4k3 = 0
matrix
6 1 3

det(A) = 0 1 −3 = 0 Hence the system has only trivial
−1 1 −4
solution.

continue.....
Example
p1 = 6 − x 2 , p2 = 1 + x + x 2 , p3 = 3 − 3x − 4x 2 .
This gives
k1 (6 − x 2 ) + k2 (1 + x + x 2 ) + k3 (3 − 3x − 4x 2 ) = (0 + 0x + 0x 2 )
6k1 + k2 + 3k3 = 0, k2 − 3k3 = 0, − k1 + k2 − 4k3 = 0
matrix
6 1 3

det(A) = 0 1 −3 = 0 Hence the system has only trivial
−1 1 −4
solution.
Hence S is a linearly independent set.

Linear Combination and Linear Span-1

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Linear Combination and Linear Span-1

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Mathematics

S.Y.B.Sc.(comp. sci.) Linear Algebra(19CsMATU301)

Mrs. Milan Shivdas Rane

Modern College ,Pune -5

Mrs. Milan Shivdas Rane Mathematics

Mrs. Milan Shivdas Rane Mathematics

Mrs. Milan Shivdas Rane Mathematics

Mrs. Milan Shivdas Rane Mathematics

Mrs. Milan Shivdas Rane Mathematics

Mrs. Milan Shivdas Rane Mathematics

Mrs. Milan Shivdas Rane Mathematics

Next , if possible , let scalars k and l be such that z = ku + lv .

Mrs. Milan Shivdas Rane Mathematics

Next , if possible , let scalars k and l be such that z = ku + lv .

Mrs. Milan Shivdas Rane Mathematics

Next , if possible , let scalars k and l be such that z = ku + lv .

Mrs. Milan Shivdas Rane Mathematics

Next , if possible , let scalars k and l be such that z = ku + lv .

Mrs. Milan Shivdas Rane Mathematics

Mrs. Milan Shivdas Rane Mathematics

Solution : Let k1 , k2 , k3 be scalar such that

Mrs. Milan Shivdas Rane Mathematics

Solution : Let k1 , k2 , k3 be scalar such that

Mrs. Milan Shivdas Rane Mathematics

By equality of matrices, we get system of linear equations in

Mrs. Milan Shivdas Rane Mathematics

By equality of matrices, we get system of linear equations in

Mrs. Milan Shivdas Rane Mathematics

Solution :Let k1 , k2 , k3 be such that

Mrs. Milan Shivdas Rane Mathematics

Solution :Let k1 , k2 , k3 be such that

Mrs. Milan Shivdas Rane Mathematics

Solution :Let k1 , k2 , k3 be such that

Mrs. Milan Shivdas Rane Mathematics

Solution :Let k1 , k2 , k3 be such that

Mrs. Milan Shivdas Rane Mathematics

Solution :Let k1 , k2 , k3 be such that

Mrs. Milan Shivdas Rane Mathematics

Solution: Since u is a linear combination of v and w .

Mrs. Milan Shivdas Rane Mathematics

Solution: Since u is a linear combination of v and w .

Mrs. Milan Shivdas Rane Mathematics

Solution: Since u is a linear combination of v and w .

Mrs. Milan Shivdas Rane Mathematics

solving these equation we get

Mrs. Milan Shivdas Rane Mathematics

solving these equation we get

Mrs. Milan Shivdas Rane Mathematics

solving these equation we get

Mrs. Milan Shivdas Rane Mathematics

solving these equation we get

Mrs. Milan Shivdas Rane Mathematics

Mrs. Milan Shivdas Rane Mathematics

Mrs. Milan Shivdas Rane Mathematics

Mrs. Milan Shivdas Rane Mathematics

Mrs. Milan Shivdas Rane Mathematics

Mrs. Milan Shivdas Rane Mathematics

Mrs. Milan Shivdas Rane Mathematics

Mrs. Milan Shivdas Rane Mathematics

Mrs. Milan Shivdas Rane Mathematics

Mrs. Milan Shivdas Rane Mathematics

Mrs. Milan Shivdas Rane Mathematics