Topics that are added or removed in 12th- 2022-23 session in reference to 2020-21 syllabus:

S.No. Chapters Name Topics Added Topics Removed

1 Electric Charges and
Fields
2 Electrostatic Potential
and capacitance
3 Current electricity
4 Moving Charges and
Magnetism
5 Magnetism and
Matter
Uniformly charged thin spherical shell
(Field inside and outside)
Meter bridge, potentiometer-
principle and its application
to measure potential
difference and for comparing
EMF of two cells;
measurement of internal
resistance of a cell.
Magnetic field due to Toroid,
Magnetic dipole moment of
revolving electrons
Bar Magnet, magnetic field intensity Earth’s Magnetic field and
due to a magnetic dipole (bar magnetic element
magnet) along its axis and
perpendicular to its axis (qualitative
treatment only), torque on a
magnetic dipole (bar magnet) in a
uniform magnetic field (qualitative
treatment only), Magnetic properties
of materials- Para-, dia- and ferro -
magnetic substances with examples,
Magnetization of materials, effect of
temperature on magnetic properties.

6 Electromagnetic Eddy Current

Induction
7 Alternating Current Power factor, wattles current LC Oscillation
8 Electromagnetic Basic idea of displacement current
Waves
9 Ray Optics and Reflection of light, spherical mirrors,
Optical Instruments mirror formula
10 Wave Optics
11 Atoms Expression for radius of nth possible
orbit, velocity
12 Nuclei binding energy per nucleon and its
variation with mass number
13 Electronic devices Intrinsic and extrinsic Special Purpose p-n junction
semiconductors- p and n type, p-n diode: LED, photodiode,
junction solarcell
 Checklist to prepare 12th Exam [2022-2023]
[Physics]
It is suggested to first study those chapters which you haven't studied well till now. Ensure that you
have studied each of the following points from NCERT book, before you appear for the trimester
exam.
Chapter 1 [NCERT Part 1]
 Definition and examples of conductors and insulators
 Definition of earthing/grounding.
 Various processes of charging by induction.
 Example 1.1
 Three basic properties of charge
 Writing Coulomb's law in statement form and equation form.
 Definition of 1C of charge and variation in Coulombic force due to variation in medium
 Coulomb's law in vector form and three remarks on this law with diagram.
 Example 1.5
 ***Exact statement for principle of superposition with diagram
 **Example 1.6, 1.7 and 1.9
 Electric field: definition and SI unit
 Writing value of electric field due to system of charges in vector form with diagram.
 ***Electric field lines: Various examples(set of point charges etc ) and the 4 properties of electric
field lines
 Electric flux: Definition, Scalar/Vector, SI unit.
 ***Electric dipole: Electric filed due to dipole along axis and on equatorial plane. Its physical
significance.
 Example 1.10
 ***Derivation of   p  E . Values of torque in at various angles. Stability and instability of
dipole in uniform electric field
 ***The exact statement of Gauss's law with formula and diagram. The six points associated with
Gauss's law.
 *** Example 1.11, 1.12
 ***Derivation of electric field due to straight long uniformly charged rod, uniformly charged
infinite plane sheet
 Formula for field inside and outside charged spherical shell
 Read thoroughly summary of the chapter.
 Solve exercise questions: 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, 1.9, 1.10, 1.15, 1.16, 1.17, 1.18, 1.19, 1.20, 1.22, 1.24

Chapter 2 [NCERT Part 1]

 Electrostatic potential energy in terms of work done by electrostatic force. Two properties of the
connecting equations.
 Electrostatic potential: Definition, its value due to a point charge and due to dipole in various
directions.
 Figure 2.4
 Example 2.1, 2.2 and 2.3.
 ***Equi-potential surfaces: Definition, examples and its relation with electric field lines.
 Formula for electrostatic potential energy due to a system of charges with example 2.4
 ***Derivation of formula for potential energy of a dipole in uniform external electric field.
 Practice at least twice to write each point about electrostatics of conductors. With suitable
diagram and with suitable example.
 Derivation of electric field due to a charged conducting surface, just outside the surface.
 Definition and causes of electrical susceptibility.
 Definition of capacitance and capacitor.
 Derivation of capacitance of parallel plate capacitor and spherical capacitor.
 ***Insertion of slab inside capacitor, as given in example 2.8.
 Derivation of formula for equivalent capacitance of series/parallel combination of capacitors.
 Derivation of formula for energy stored in capacitors.
 ***Example 2.9, 2.10.
 Thoroughly read summary of the chapter.
 Solve exercise questions: 2.1, 2.4, 2.5, .2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.10, 2.11.

Chapter 3 [NCERT Part 1]

 Definition of electric current, current density and Ohm's law.

 Dependence of electrical resistance on length, area and resistivity. Changes in resistance by
changing shape of resistor.
 Derivation of j   E
 ***Detailed derivation of Ohm's law exactly as given in section 3.5. Practice the derivation with
diagram at least twice.
 Definition of mobility.
 ***Three limitation of Ohm's law each with separate diagram.
 Temperature dependence of resistances. Effects on relaxation time and free electron density. (Fig.
3.9, 3.10, 3.11)
 Definition of emf and internal resistance, relation between emf and terminal voltage in different
condition ( charging and discharging condition)
 Example 3.4, 3.5.
 ***Derivation of result for equivalent emf of cells in series combination and parallel
combination.
 ***Kirchhoff's rules statement exactly as given in NCERT.
 ***Determination of current in different branches of circuit using Kirchhoff's rules. As given in
example 3.6 and 3.7.
 ***Derivation of principle for balancing of Wheatstone bridge. Example 3.8.
 Thoroughly read summary of the chapter
 Solve exercise questions: each question from 3.1 to 3.9, 3.11, 3.13.
 Chapter 4 [NCERT Part 1]

 Lorentz force and its features

 ***Derivation of result for force experienced by a current carrying wire placed in magnetic field
 Conditions for a charge to perform circular motion and helical motion in magnetic field.
 Derivation of formula for time period and radius of circular motion of charge in magnetic field
 Example 4.1, 4.2, 4.3
 The Biot-Savart's law along with right hand rule. Its similarity and difference with Coulomb's
law.
 ***Magnetic field on axis of circular current carrying loop. Practice it, with diagram and
necessary explanation without looking at textbook
 Example 4.6, 4.7
 ***Ampere's circuital law. Write it at least three times after reading thoroughly from textbook.
 Drawing the magnetic field lines due to solenoid.
 ***Derivation of magnetic field due to infinite long current carrying wire
 ***Derivation of magnetic field inside solenoid.
 Derivation of force between two parallel current carrying wires. Definition of 1A of current as
mentioned on page 155 of the textbook.
 ***Definition of magnetic dipole and derivation of torque acting on a dipole along with neat
diagram.
 Examples 4.11 and 4.12
 Circular current loop as a magnetic dipole
 ***Moving Coil Galvanometer – Diagram, Construction, Working Principle, Application and
Limitations.
 ***Voltage and current sensitivity of Galvanometer.
 ***Conversion of Galvanometer into Voltmeter and Ammeter
 Example 4.13
 After thoroughly reading summary of the chapter, solve exercise questions: 4.1 to 4.13

Chapter 5 [NCERT Part 1]

 Magnetic field lines due to bar magnet

 ***Properties of magnetic field lines.
 Oscillations of magnetic needle: Time period and potential energy
 ***Example 5.1 to 5.4
 ***example 5.6 (very important)
 Gauss law of magnetism
 ***Definitions of magnetization and magnetic intensity.
 Relation between different terms like magnetic susceptibility, relative permeability and
permeability.
 Definition, properties and examples of paramagnetic, diamagnetic and ferromagnetic materials.
 *** table 5.3 (very imp)
 ***Curie's law
 Exercise questions: 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.7

Chapter 6 [NCERT Part 1]

 Three experiments of Faraday and Henry

 ***Definition of magnetic flux and exact statements of Faraday’s law and Lenz’s law
 Example 6.3, 6.4, 6.5
 Motional emf, example 6.6 and 6.7
 ***Justification of statement: "Lenz’s law is based on conservation of energy." (energy
consideration)
 Example 6.8
 ***Definition of self and mutual induction
 ***Derivation of mutual inductance for coaxial solenoid and concentric circular coils (example
6.9)
 Derivation for Self inductance of solenoid
 Derivation of energy stored in inductor.
 Example 6.10
 AC generator: Diagram, working principle, all formula, FIGURE 6.17
 Example 6.11
 After thoroughly reading summary of the chapter, solve exercise questions: 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.5, 6.8,
6.9

Chapter 7

 Definition of rms current and voltage.

 Formula for current, reactance, Phases relation between current and applied voltage for purely
capacitive and inductive circuits
 ***Phasor diagram for C, L, R, RC, RL, LCR circuits.
 ***Formula for impedance of each of RC, RL, LCR circuits.
 Power dissipated and the power factor in each of RC, RL, LCR circuits.
 ***Wattles current definition
 ***Example 7.1, 7.2, 7.4, 7.5
 ***Series L-C-R circuit and resonance condition
 Sharpness of resonance and quality factor (at least remember each formula)
 Example 7.6, 7.8 and 7.9
 ***Transformer: Construction, working principle and losses in transformers
 exercise question- 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.6, 7.9, 7.11

Chapter 8 [NCERT Part 1]

 Displacement current (formula and definition) with example 8.1

 Modifications in Ampere's law and the Maxwell's equations
 ***Electromagnetic wave and its properties (from notebook)
 To find direction of electric field, magnetic field and direction of propagation from given
equation.
 Example 8.2 to 8.5
 ***Make a table like Table 8.1 in textbook. Also include uses or applications of each type of
EMW.
 After thoroughly reading summary of the chapter, solve exercise questions: 8.1, 8.3 to 8.8, 8.10

Chapter 9- Geometrical optics

 Laws of reflection (statement)

 Ray diagrams on page 312 (Fig. 9.4)
 Mirror formula proof
 Example 9.1, 9.3,
 Laws of refraction (statement)
 Formula for apparent depth and numerical
 Total internal reflection: necessary conditions for TIR
 Applications of TIR (** optical fiber)
 Derivation for refraction at spherical surface
 Derivation of Lens formula and numerical on it
 Derivation of Lens Maker’s Formula (example 9.7, 9.8)
 Formula for Combination of lens: focal length and power
 ***Example 9.9
 refraction of light through a prism: derivation of minimum deviation, and Fig 9.24
 Scattering of light: reason for blue sky during day time and red sky in evening.
 Microscope and telescope (reflecting and refracting) : principle, Ray diagram, and formula for
magnification
 Exercise: 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.5, 9.7, 9.9, 9.10, 9.11, 9.13, 9.15, 9.20, 9.22, 9.33, 9.34

Chapter 10- Wave Optics

 ***Wavefront (definition) and Huygens principle.

 Using Huygens principle to obtain shape of wavefront at later time.
 **Shape of wavefront for different source.
 ***Proof of laws of reflection and refraction (denser to rarer and rarer to denser both) by
Huygens principle.
 ***Refraction of plane wave by prism and lens, reflection of plane wave from spherical mirrors
(Figure 10.7)
 Doppler effect in light and example 10.1, 10,2
 Meaning of coherent sources of light
 YDSE: Aim, Diagram and derivation of formula for path difference
 Fringe width (formula only)
 Example 10.3 and ***10.4
 Diffraction: Definition and final results (width of central maxima, positions of minima)
 Difference between interference and diffraction pattern on screen (page 371, three points)
 Example 10.5
 After thoroughly reading summary of the chapter, solve exercise questions: 10.1, 10.2, 10.4, 10.5,
10.6, 10.7

Chapter 11- Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

 Hertz’s observation
 Definition of photoelectric effect, work function, threshold wavelength and threshold frequency
 Effect of intensity of light on photocurrent (Fig. 11.2)
 Effect of potential on photocurrent (Fig. 11.3), definition of stopping potential.
 Effect of frequency on photocurrent (Fig. 11.4) and stopping potential (Fig 11.5)
 Summary of experimental features and observations (4 points on page 392)
 Einstein’s photoelectric equation and numerical on it. (example 11.1, 11.2)
 De Broglie relation: formula of de Broglie wavelength in terms of momentum or kinetic energy
of particle or potential difference by which charge is accelerated. (example 11.4, 11.5, 11.6, 11.7)
 Exercise: 11.2, 11.5, 11.7, 11.8, 11.9, 11.10, 11.11, 11.12, 11.16.

Chapter 12- Atoms

 Rutherford’s experiment: observations and conclusions.

 Drawbacks of Rutherford’s Model of atom
 ***Bohr Model of hydrogen atom and three postulates
 ***Formula for radius, velocity and energy of electron in hydrogen like species.
 Energy levels in Hydrogen atom.
 ***Line spectra of hydrogen atom: formula for wavelength and frequency (***example 12.6)
 ***How de Broglie proved the Bohr’s second postulate of quantization
 Exercise: 12.3 to 12.9.

Chapter 13- Nucleus

 Formula for radius of nucleus and using it show that density of nucleus is constant, independent
of A.
 ***Nuclear force: its three characteristics
 **Potential energy of pair of nucleon (Fig 13.2)
 ***Binding energy and mass- energy relationship (example: 13.2, 13.3)
 ***Binding energy per nucleon graph and its four main features.
 Nuclear fission and fusion (definition and difference between them)
 Nuclear reactor: what are fuel rod, thermal neutron, control rod and moderator? Which material is
used as control rod and for moderator?
 Fission reaction of 235U.
 Fusion reaction occurring on sun.
 Exercise: 13.3, 13.4, 13.11, 13.15, 13.21
 Chapter 14- Semiconductor

 Difference between metal, semiconductor and insulator on the basis of energy band (Fig. 14.2)
 Difference between intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors.
 ***Difference between n-type and p-type semiconductor (fig 14.9)
 Example 14.2
 How p-n junction is formed? What is drift and diffusion current? What is depletion region and
barrier potential?
 Difference in forward and reverse biasing. Circuit diagram for both
 ***Characteristic curve for p-n junction diode (fig. 14.16)
 ***Half wave and full wave rectifier: circuit diagram, input and output wave forms.
 What is the purpose of filter circuit in rectifiers.
 Exercise: 14.1, 14.3, 14.4, 14.5, 14.6