Vdocument - in Electricity Billing System

CHAPTER – 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 OVERVIEW
A scheme of Electricity billing system called “PREPAID ENERGY METER

WIT TARI!! INDI"AT#R$ can facilitate in im%ro&ed cash flo'
management in energy (tilities and can red(ces %roblem associated 'ith
billing cons(mer li&ing in isolated area and red(ces de%loyment of man%o'er
for ta)ing meter readings* E&ery cons(mer can b(y a memory card +is nothing
b(t an EEPR#M I", 'ith a %ass'ord stored inside it (sing a M" %rogram*
The memory card is a&ailable at &ario(s ranges +ie* Rs -./ Rs 0../ Rs 1..
etc2,*In o(r %ro3ect 'e ha&e gi&en the name for memory card as smart card*
When the cons(mer insert a smart card into the card reader 'hich is connected
in “%re%aid energy meter 'ith tariff indicator$ )it* Then the card reader 'ill
read the stored information and delete the information from the EEPR#M I"
+smart card, (sing the M" %rogram* 4o that the smart card cannot be re(sed by
others* 4(%%ose if a cons(mer b(ys a card for Rs*-.56 he 5 she can insert this
amo(nt thro(gh the card reader so that %re%aid energy meter 'ith tariff
indicator )it 'ill be acti&ated* According to the %o'er cons(m%tion the
amo(nt 'ill be red(ced* When the amo(nt is o&er/ the relay 'ills
a(tomatically sh(tdo'n the 'hole system* In o(r %ro3ect 'e also ha&e a
%ro&ision to gi&e an alarm so(nd to cons(mer before the 'hole amo(nt is
red(ced*
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The sco%e of the %ro3ect 'or) is to introd(ce ad&anced technology in

con&erting dc &oltage in to ac &oltage and introd(cing %re%aid energy metering
conce%t*
The energy meter (sed in this %ro3ect 'or) %rod(ces %(lses according to the
load and this meter is con&erted as %re%aid energy meter (sing smart card/
hence this meter can be called smart energy meter*
This )ind of smart energy meters also can be installed at each and e&ery ho(se/
'here the state electricity de%artment going to s(%%ly the con&entional energy*
No' a day7s energy Meas(rement and electric energy %ilferage detection has
become %rime im%ortance for the state electricity de%artment*
With the hel% of this %ro3ect 'or) lot of Man%o'er can be red(ced and %o'er
%ilferage can be controlled* The o&erall system can be called as AMR
+A(tomatic Meter reading, system/ the main ad&antage of AMR system is that
the cons(med energy %rice can be calc(lated and at the same time %rice
+amo(nt in r(%ees, can be dis%layed a(tomatically*
!inally the sim%lest form of smart metering is a dis%lay meter/ 'hich allo's
cons(mers to monitor cons(m%tion in money terms rather than )Wh*
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1.2 Why Prepayment – Energy Supp!er"
• Pay before (se
• 8ee% c(stomers on s(%%ly
• Reco&er money o'ed +debt,
• 9o'er #&erheads
• No bill %rod(ction
• No bill distrib(tion
• No need to chase %ayments
• No f(rther actions s(ch as disconnections
1.# Why Prepayment – The Cu$t%mer"
• No :ills
• No hidden s(r%rises
• No ha&ing to find the money
• No billing errors
• No socially (nacce%table
• Disconnections
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CHAPTER&2
'(OC) DIA*RA+ , ITS DESCRIPTION
2.1 '(OC) DIA*RA+- Car pr%grammer
 When 'e gi&e the dial a code from ;<= Matri> )ey%ad then the (nit
%rice ? recharge amo(nt are stored in side the EEPR#M AT1;".1*
 If card is com%letely recharged then and then the green led 'ill glo'
and if it fails then the red led 'ill glo' for a long %eriod
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2.2 '(OC) DIA*RA+- Prepa! Energy +eter
 When 'e enter a charged card in to a card reader of o(r main circ(it/
micro controller 'ill ta)e data and store it inside a memory of
microcontroller
 Micro controller also ta)es the %(lses from the energymeter &ia
o%toco(%ler I" M"T1E and co(nts the %(lses (%to =1.. beca(se of the
meter s%ecifications are =1.. %(lses58Wh
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 And 'hene&er the %(lse co(nt reaches the =1.. then it decreases the
charged amo(nt and it 'ill increases the meter reading by 0 and dis%lays
it on the 9"D screen*
 And 'hene&er the chaged amo(nt reading reaches the minim(m amo(nt
then it 'ill send %(lse to the @9N 1..= dri&er Ic and it 'ill t(rn of the
relay*and 'hen relay off then the %o'er 'ill off*
 If the (ser do not recharge the card then 'e 'ill not get the energy*
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CHAPTER – #
SCHE+ATIC DIA*RA+
#.1 C!r/u!t De$/r!pt!%n
There are mainly t'o ty%es of circ(its
#.1.1 Car pr%grammer-

 "ard %rogrammer is based on AT BCc1.-0 controller* it recharges the
card to Rs*-./0../0-./1../1-. etc2by (sing the ;<= matri> )ey%ad 'e

can get the card %rogrammed
 "ard is sim%ly an AT1;".1 EEPR#M chi%* it is a 16'ire 4erial
Interface chi%*
 H%0 t% pr%gram a ne0 /ar"
1. %r ma!ng a un!t pr!/e /ar 3%r R$ 2.45
 0*Insert the card into the Programmer
 Dial 0<.1-.
 The format is
0 for (nit %rice
<for start %rocess
. igher digit of the (nit %rice
1 lo'er digot of the (nit %rice
- igher digit of the (nit %aise
. lo'er digot of the (nit %aise
 The red led 'ill blin) for e&ery )ey %ress
 If the %rogramming done s(cessf(lly then the Green led 'ill long :lin)
finally*
 If it fails then the RED led 'ill gi&e a long blin)
2. %r ma!ng a Re/harge /ar 3%r R$ 655
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 Insert the card into the Programmer

 Dial 1<.;..
 The red led 'ill blin) for e&ery )ey %ress
 If the %rogramming done s(cessf(lly then the Green led 'ill long :lin)
finally*
 If it fails then the RED led 'ill gi&e a long blin)*
#.1.2 +a!n /!r/u!t-

ere in this circ(it 'e ha&e (sed BCs-1 micro controller* This circ(it ta)es data
from the card reader 'hene&er 'e enter a card in to it and &ie' the stat(s of
the card on the lcd dis%lay*
9cd dis%lay sho's (s the stat(s of the card and 'hat amo(nt left on the card
and if the card is 'ith the totally em%ty amo(nt then it 'ill sho's “Please
Recharge The "ard$
? if the card has s(fficient amo(nt then it microcontroller gi&es the control to
the meter ? connect the 'hole %ath of the c)t ? the c(rrent gets started
flo'ing ? 'e ha&e (sed b(lb as a load it 'ill blo'*
#.2 (IST O CO+PONENTS

 AT BCs-1 microcontroller
 ATBCc1.-0microcontroller
 I" AT1;c.1
 I" @9N1..=
 ;<= matri> )ey%ad
 0<1 9"D dis%lay
 M"T1E 0 Ph meter
 :(FFer
 Resisters/ ca%acitors/
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 01 &5=. A Relay
#.2. CIRCUIT DIA*RA+
#.2.1. CARD PRO*RA++ER CIRCUIT
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#.2.2. +AIN CIRCUIT DIA*RA+
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CHAPTER&4
PRO*RA++IN* IN ASSE+'(7 (AN*UA*E
PRO*AR+IN*- PREPAID ENER*7 +ETER
R:. E@ ... H 4elect Register :an) .
R:0 E@ ..B H 4elect Register :an) 0 ***%o)e to P4W to (se
HP#RT DE"9ERATI#N
4DA0 E@ P1*0 H4DAPIN-
4"90 E@ P1*. H4"9PIN
WT"MD E@ 0.0..00.: HWRITE DATA "#MMAND Note =
RD"MD E@ 0.0..000: HREAD DATA "#MMAND Note =
WT"MD0 E@ 0.0.....: HWRITE DATA "#MMAND Note =
RD"MD0 E@ 0.0....0: HREAD DATA "#MMAND Note =
RE9AY E@ P1*J
:@KKER E@ P1*;
H <<<9"D "#NTR#9<<<
9"DLR4 E@ P.*. H9"D REGI4TER 4E9E"T 9INE
9"DLE E@ P.*0 H9"D ENA:9E 9INE
9"DLD:; E@ P.*1 HP#RT 0 I4 @4ED !#R DATA
9"DLD:- E@ P.*= H@4ED !#R DATA
9"DLD: E@ P.*; H!#R DATA
9"DLD:J E@ P.*- H !#R DATA
H <<<"@R4#R "#NTR#9 IN4TR@"TI#N4<<<
#!!"@R E@ ."
:9IN8"@R E@ .D H
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<<<DI4P9AY "#NTR#9 IN4TR@"TI#N4<<<
"9RD4P E@ .0
#ND4P E@ ."
H <<<4Y4TEM IN4TR@"TI#N4<<<
"#N!IG E@ 1B H ;6:IT DATA/1 9INE4/-J MATRI 9"D
ENTRYM#DE E@  H IN"REMENT "@R4#R D#NT 4I!T DI4P9AY
D4EG H This is internal data memory
#RG 1. H :it adressable memory
!9AG40 D4 0
:"D"ARRY :IT !9AG40*.
"ARRY :IT !9AG40*0
T:IT :IT !9AG40*1
T:IT0 :IT !9AG40*=
READING D4 1
AM#@NT D4 =
"#@NTER D4 1
TEMPD4 0
PRI"E D4 1
:A9AN"E D4 0
:@KKL"#@NT D4 0
READL:YTE D4 =
!0 D40
!1 D40
!= D40
4TA"8 D4 0
"4EG H "ode begins here
H Main ro(tine* Program e>ec(tion starts here*
#RG .. H Reset
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AOMP MAIN
#RG ...=
P@4 P4W
P@4 A""
M# P4W/R:0 H 4elect register ban) .
"A99 IN"L"#@NTER
P#P A""
P#P P4W
RETI
MAIN M# 4P/-.
M# P4W/R:. H 4elect register ban) .
M# IE/0......0:
"A99 RE4ET9"D;
"A99 TIT9E0
"9R :@KKER
4ET: RE9AY
"9R T:IT0
M# :@KKL"#@NT/..
M# READL:YTE/.!!
"A99 READL"#@NTER
M# A/"#@NTER
"ONE A/.!!/:YPA44
"A99 RE4ETLREADING
"A99 RE4ETLAMT
"A99 RE4ETL"#@NTER
"A99 RE4ETLPRI"E
"A99 RE4ETL:A9AN"E HRE9AY #N5#!! :YTE
"A99 4T#REL@NITLPRI"E
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"A99 AMTLRE"ARGE
"A99 4Y4TEMLRE4ET
"A99 DE9AYY4
:YPA44 "A99 READL"#@NTER
"A99 READLPRI"E
"A99 READL:A9AN"E
MAIN4 "A99 TIT9E0
"A99 DE9AYY
M# A/:A9AN"E
"ONE A/../!G0
"9R RE9AY
"A99 RE"AGRE
"A99 DE9AYY
4ET: :@KKER
AOMP MAIN4
!G0 4ET: RE9AY
M# A/:@KKL"#@NT H"8 T# 4WIT" #!! TE :@KKER
"ONE A/../AK0
"9R :@KKER
AOMP AK1
AK0 DE" :@KKL"#@NT
AK1 M# R0/READING HGET DATA IN :YTE4+RAM,
M# R;/.- HDATA ADDRE44 IN EEPR#M
M# R/1 HN@M:ER #! :YTE4
"A99 READLEEPR#M
"A99 DI4PLREADING
M# TEMP/READING
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"A99 4EPLDI4P
M# TEMP/READINGQ0
"A99 4EPLDI4P
"A99 DE9AYY
M# R0/AM#@NT HGET DATA IN :YTE4+RAM,
M# R;/.A HDATA ADDRE44 IN EEPR#M
M# R/= HN@M:ER #! :YTE4
"A99 READLEEPR#M
"A99 AMTLREADING
M# TEMP/AM#@NT
"A99 4EPLDI4P
M# TEMP/AM#@NTQ0
"A99 4EPLDI4P
M# R;/*
"A99 WR9"DDATA
"A99 MDE9AY
M# TEMP/AM#@NTQ1
"A99 4EPLDI4P
"A99 DE9AYY
M# R0/"#@NTER HGET DATA IN :YTE4+RAM,
M# R;/.E HDATA ADDRE44 IN EEPR#M
M# R/1 HN@M:ER #! :YTE4
"A99 READLEEPR#M
"A99 "#@NTLREADING
M# TEMP/"#@NTER
"A99 4EPLDI4P
M# TEMP/"#@NTERQ0
"A99 4EPLDI4P
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"A99 DE9AYY
M# R0/PRI"E HGET DATA IN :YTE4+RAM,
M# R;/0. HDATA ADDRE44 IN EEPR#M
M# R/1 HN@M:ER #! :YTE4
"A99 READLEEPR#M
"A99 READLPRI"E
"A99 @NITLPRI"E
M# A/PRI"E
ADD A/=.h
M# R;/A
"A99 WR9"DDATA
"A99 MDE9AY
M# R;/*
"A99 WR9"DDATA
"A99 MDE9AY
M# TEMP/PRI"EQ0
"A99 4EPLDI4P
"A99 DE9AYY
AOMP MAIN4
HIN"REMENT "#@NTER :Y 0
HI! "#@NT=1.. TEN IN"REMENT READING
IN"L"#@NTER M# A/"#@NTERQ0
ADD A/.0
DA A
M# "#@NTERQ0/A
ON" D"1
M# A/"#@NTER
ADD A/.0
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DA A
M# "#@NTER/A
"ONE A/=1h/D"1
M# "#@NTER/..
M# "#@NTERQ0/..
M# R0/"#@NTER Hstore "#@NT
M# R;/.E H4tarting Address IN EEPR#M
M# R/1 H4T#RE 1 :YTE4
"A99 4T#RELEEPR#M
"A99 DE9AY
AOMP D:0
D"1 M# R0/"#@NTER Hstore "#@NT
M# R/1 H4T#RE 1 :YTE4
"A99 4T#RELEEPR#M
"A99 DE9AY
RET
D:0 M# A/READINGQ0 HIN"REMENT READING :Y 0
ADD A/.0
DA A
M# READINGQ0/A
ON" D"40
M# A/READING
ADD A/.0
DA A
M# READING/A
D"40 M# R0/READING Hstore READING
M# R;/.- H4tarting Address IN EEPR#M
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M# R/1 H4T#RE 1 :YTE4
"A99 4T#RELEEPR#M
"A99 DE9AY
M# A/AM#@NTQ1 H 4@:TRA"T AMT. !R#M T#TA9.
"9R "
4@:: A/PRI"EQ0
"A99 :"DL"#N
M# AM#@NTQ1/A
M# A/AM#@NTQ0 H 4@:TRA"T AMT0 !R#M T#TA90
4@:: A/PRI"E
"A99 :"DL"#N
M# AM#@NTQ0/A
M# A/AM#@NT H 4@:TRA"T AMT1 !R#M T#TA91

4@:: A/..h
"A99 :"DL"#N
M# AM#@NT/A
M# R0/AM#@NT H store AM#@NT
M# R;/.A H 4tarting Address IN EEPR#M
M# R/=H 4T#RE 1 :YTE4
"A99 4T#RELEEPR#M
"A99 DE9AY
M# A/AM#@NTQ0
"ONE A/;./!"0
M# :@KKL"#@NT/.1
4ET: :@KKER
!"0 "ONE A/=B/!A0
M# :@KKL"#@NT/.1
4ET: :@KKER
!A0 "ONE A/;0/!AA0
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M# :@KKL"#@NT/.1
4ET: :@KKER
!AA0 "ONE A/1./!"1
M# :@KKL"#@NT/.=
4ET: :@KKER
!"1 "ONE A/0C/!A1
M# :@KKL"#@NT/.=
4ET: :@KKER
!A1 "ONE A/10/!AA1
M# :@KKL"#@NT/.=
4ET: :@KKER
!AA1 "ONE A/0./!"=
M# :@KKL"#@NT/.;
4ET: :@KKER
!"= "ONE A/00/!";
M# :@KKL"#@NT/.;
4ET: :@KKER
!"; "ONE A/.C/!A;
M# :@KKL"#@NT/.;
4ET: :@KKER
!A; M# A/AM#@ NTQ1 H 4@:TRA"T AMT. !R#M T#TA9.
"9R "
4@:: A/PRI"EQ0
"A99 :"DL"#N
M# A/AM#@NTQ0 H4@:TRA"T AMT0 !R#M T#TA90

4@:: A/PRI"E
M# A/AM#@NT
"9R T:IT
ON" P#P0
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4ET: T:IT
P#P0 "ONE A/../:A"8
ON: T:IT/ :A"8
M# :A9AN"E/..
M# R0/:A9AN"E H store "#@NT
M# R;/0- H 4tarting Address IN EEPR#M
M# R/0 H 4T#RE 1 :YTE4
"A99 4T#RELEEPR#M
"A99 DE9AY
"9R RE9AY
4ET: :@KKER
:A"8 RET
:"DL"#N "9R :"D"ARRY
"9R "ARRY
ON" 9#P1
4ET: "ARRY
9#P1 ON: A"/9#P0
4ET: :"D"ARRY
"9R "
4@:: A/.
9#P0 ON: "ARRY/9#P=
"9R "
4@:: A/.
9#P= "9R "
ON: "ARRY/9#P;
4ET: "
9#P; RET
HREAD P@94E "#@NTER !R#M MEM#RY
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READL:A9AN"E M# R0/:A9AN"E H GET DATA IN :YTE4+RAM,
M# R;/0- HDATA ADDRE44 IN EEPR#M
M# R/0 H N@M:ER #! :YTE4
"A99 READLEEPR#M
RET
READL"#@NTER M# R0/"#@NTER H GET DATA IN :YTE4+RAM,
M# R;/.E H DATA ADDRE44 IN EEPR#M
M# R/1 H N@M:ER #! :YTE4
"A99 READLEEPR#M
RET
READLPRI"E M# R0/PRI"E H GET DATA IN :YTE4+RAM,
M# R;/0. H DATA ADDRE44 IN EEPR#M
M# R/1 H N@M:ER #! :YTE4
"A99 READLEEPR#M
RET
4EPLDI4P0 M# A/AM#@NT
AN9 A/.!.
4WAP A
"ONE A/../DAP0
M# A/AM#@NT
AN9 A/.!
AOMP DAP=
DAP0 ADD A/=. H:#T N#T E@A9 T# KER#
M# R;/A
"A99 WR9"DDATA
"A99 MDE9AY
DAP1 M# A/AM#@NT
AN9 A/.!
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ADD A/=.
M# R;/A
"A99 WR9"DDATA
"A99 MDE9AY
DAP; M# A/AM#@NTQ0
AN9 A/.!.
4WAP A
ADD A/=.
M# R;/A
"A99 WR9"DDATA
"A99 MDE9AY
DAP- M# A/AM#@NTQ0
AN9 A/.!
ADD A/=.
M# R;/A
"A99 WR9"DDATA
"A99 MDE9AY
M# R;/*
"A99 WR9"DDATA
"A99 MDE9AY
M# A/AM#@NTQ1
AN9 A/.!.
4WAP A
ADD A/=.
M# R;/A
"A99 WR9"DDATA
"A99 MDE9AY
M# A/AM#@NTQ1
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AN9 A/.!
ADD A/=.
M# R;/A
"A99 WR9"DDATA
"A99 MDE9AY
RET
DAP= "ONE A/../DAP1 H"8 1 DIGIT
M# A/AM#@NTQ0
AN9 A/.!.
4WAP A
"ONE A/../DAP; H"8 = DIGIT
AOMP DAP-
4EPLDI4P M# A/TEMP
AN9 A/.!.
4WAP A
ADD A/=.
M# R;/A
"A99 WR9"DDATA
"A99 MDE9AY
M# A/TEMP
AN9 A/.!
ADD A/=.
M# R;/A
"A99 WR9"DDATA
"A99 MDE9AY
RET
SeminarsTopics.com

AMTLRE"ARGE M# READL:YTE/.0
M# READL:YTEQ0/..
M# READL:YTEQ1/0.
M# R0/READL:YTE Hstore "#@NT
M# R/= H4T#RE 1 :YTE4
M# A/WT"MD0 H9#AD WRITE "#MMAND
"A99 #@T4 H4END IT
M# A/1. HGET 9#W :YTE ADDRE44
"A99 #@T H4END IT
:9P M# A/R0 HGET DATA
"A99 #@T H4END IT
IN" R0 HIN"REMENT DATA P#INTER
DONK R/:9P H9##P TI99 D#NE
"A99 4T#P H4END 4T#P "#NDITI#N
"A99 DE9AY
RET
4T#REL@NITLPRI"E M# READL:YTE/..
M# READL:YTEQ0/.0
M# READL:YTEQ1/..
M# R/= H4T#RE 1 :YTE4
M# A/WT"MD0 H 9#AD WRITE "#MMAND
"A99 #@T4 H4END IT
M# A/1. H GET 9#W :YTE ADDRE44
"A99 #@T H4END IT
:A9P M# A/R0 HGET DATA
"A99 #@T H4END IT
SeminarsTopics.com

DONK R/:A9P H9##P TI99 D#NE
"A99 DE9AY
RET
RE4ETL:A9AN"E
M# :A9AN"E/.!!
M# R0/:A9AN"E Hstore "#@NT
M# R;/0- H4tarting Address IN EEPR#M
M# R/0 H4T#RE 1 :YTE4
"A99 4T#RELEEPR#M
"A99 DE9AY
RET
RE4ETLPRI"E
M# PRI"E/.1
M# PRI"EQ0/..
M# R0/PRI"E Hstore "#@NT
M# R;/0. H4tarting Address IN EEPR#M
M# R/1 H4T#RE 1 :YTE4
"A99 4T#RELEEPR#M
"A99 DE9AY
RET
RE4ETL"#@NTER
M# "#@NTER/..
M# "#@NTERQ0/0.
M# R0/"#@NTER Hstore "#@NT
M# R/1 H4T#RE 1 :YTE4
SeminarsTopics.com

"A99 4T#RELEEPR#M
"A99 DE9AY
RET
RE4ETLAMT
M# AM#@NT/.. H
M# AM#@NTQ0/.-
M# AM#@NTQ1/..
M# R0/AM#@NT Hstore READING
M# R;/.A H4tarting Address IN EEPR#M
M# R/= H4T#RE 1 :YTE4
"A99 4T#RELEEPR#M
"A99 DE9AY
RET
RE4ETLREADING
M# READING/..
M# READINGQ0/.-
M# R0/READINGHstore READING
M# R;/.- H4tarting Address IN EEPR#M
M# R/1 H4T#RE 1 :YTE4
"A99 4T#RELEEPR#M
"A99 DE9AY
RET
DE9AYY M# !0/.!
4EP= M# !1/.f!
4EP1 M# !=/.!!
4EP0 DONK !=/4EP0
DONK !1/4EP1
"A99 "ARDLREAD
SeminarsTopics.com

M# A/READL:YTE
"ONE A/.!!/D4P0
"9R T:IT0
D4P=DONK !0/4EP=
RET
DE9AYY4 M# !0/.!
4-P= M# !1/.f!
4-P1 M# !=/.!!
4-P0 DONK !=/4-P0
DONK !1/4-P1
DONK !0/4-P=
RET
D4P0O: T:IT0/D4P=A
"A99 TIT9E=
"A99 DE9AY4
"A99 DE9AY4
"A99 "ARDLREAD
M# A/READL:YTE
"ONE A/../D4P1
"A99 TIT9E; HNEW @NIT PRI"E
M# PRI"E/READL:YTEQ0
M# PRI"EQ0/READL:YTEQ1
M# R0/PRI"E Hstore "#@NT
M# R;/0. H4tarting Address IN EEPR#M
M# R/1 H4T#RE 1 :YTE4
"A99 4T#RELEEPR#M
"A99 DE9AY4
SeminarsTopics.com

4ET: T:IT0
AOMP RE4ETL"IP
D4P1 "ONE A/.0/D4P=
"A99 TIT9E- HNEW RE"ARGE
M# R0/AM#@NT HGET DATA IN :YTE4+RAM,
M# R;/.A HDATA ADDRE44 IN EEPR#M
M# R/.=h HN@M:ER #! :YTE4
"A99 READLEEPR#M
M# A/AM#@NT
ADD A/READL:YTEQ0
DA A
M# AM#@NT/A
M# A/AM#@NTQ0
ADD" A/READL:YTEQ1
DA A
M# AM#@NTQ0/A
M# R0/AM#@NT Hstore READING
M# R;/.A H4tarting Address IN EEPR#M
M# R/.=h H4T#RE 1 :YTE4
"A99 4T#RELEEPR#M
"A99 DE9AY4
4ET: T:IT0
"A99 RE4ETL:A9AN"E
RE4ETL"IP
M# READL:YTE/.AA HERA4E AM#@NT
M# READL:YTEQ0/.!!
M# READL:YTEQ1/.!!
SeminarsTopics.com

M# R/= H4T#RE 1 :YTE4
M# A/WT"MD0 H9#AD WRITE "#MMAND
"A99 #@T4 H4END IT
"A99 #@T H4END IT
::9P M# A/R0 HGET DATA
"A99 #@T H4END IT
DONK R/::9P H9##P TI99 D#NE
"A99 DE9AY
RET
D4P= "ONE A/.AA/D4P;
"A99 TIT9E HNEW RE"ARGE
"A99 DE9AY4
4ET: T:IT0
D4P; RET
DE9AYM# R/.!!
RE0 M# RJ/.!!
RE N#P
DONK RJ/RE
DONK R/RE0
RET
"ARDLREAD
M# R0/READL:YTE H GET DATA IN :YTE4+RAM,
M# R/= HN@M:ER #! :YTE4
M# A/WT"MD0 H9#AD WRITE "#MMAND T# 4END
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"A99 #@T4 H4END IT
"A99 #@T H4END IT
M# A/RD"MD0 H9#AD READ "#MMAND
"A99 #@T4 H4END IT
:D9P "A99 IN HREAD DATA
M# R0/a H4T#RE DATA
DONK R/A9P HDE"REMENT 9##P "#@NTER
"A99 4T#P HI! D#NE/ I44@E 4T#P "#NDITI#N
RET HD#NE/ EIT R#@TINE
A9P "9R 4DA0 HN#T D#NE/ I44@E A"8
4ET: 4"90
N#P HN#TE 0
N#P
N#P
N#P HN#TE 1
N#P
"9R 4"90
OMP :D9P H"#NTIN@E WIT READ4
HREAD DATA !R#M EEPR#M
READLEEPR#M
M# A/WT"MD H 9#AD WRITE "#MMAND T# 4END
HADDRE44
"A99 #@T4 H4END IT
M# A/R; HGET 9#W :YTE ADDRE44
"A99 #@T H4END IT
M# A/RD"MD H9#AD READ "#MMAND
SeminarsTopics.com

"A99 #@T4 H4END IT
:RD9P"A99 IN HREAD DATA
M# R0/a H4T#RE DATA
DONK R/A89P HDE"REMENT 9##P "#@NTER
"A99 4T#P HI! D#NE/ I44@E 4T#P "#NDITI#N
RET HD#NE/ EIT R#@TINE
A89P "9R 4DA0 HN#T D#NE/ I44@E A"8
4ET: 4"90
N#P HN#TE 0
N#P
N#P
N#P HN#TE 1
N#P
"9R 4"90
OMP :RD9P H"#NTIN@E WIT READ4
H4T#RE DATA IN EEPR#M
4T#RELEEPR#M
M# A/WT"MD H9#AD WRITE "#MMAND
"A99 #@T4 H4END IT
M# A/R; HGET 9#W :YTE ADDRE44
"A99 #@T H4END IT
:T9P M# A/R0 HGET DATA
"A99 #@T H4END IT
DONK R/:T9P H9##P TI99 D#NE
SeminarsTopics.com

RET
HDI4P9AY R#@TINE4
TIT9E0
M# DPTR/M4AG0
"A99 9"DLM4G
RET
M4AG0
D: 0/B;/PREPAID/."1/ENERGY METER/..
DI4PLREADING
M# DPTR/M4AG1
"A99 9"DLM4G
RET
M4AG1
D: 0/B1/METER READING/."/..
AMTLREADING
M# DPTR/M4AG=
"A99 9"DLM4G
RET
M4AG=
D: 0/B0/:A9AN"E AM#@NT/."=/Rs*/..
"#@NTLREADING
M# DPTR/M4AG;
"A99 9"DLM4G
RET
M4AG;
D: 0/B1/P@94E "#@NT/."/..
@NITLPRI"E
M# DPTR/M4AG0;
SeminarsTopics.com

"A99 9"DLM4G
RET
M4AG0;
D: 0/B=/@NIT PRI"E/.";/Rs /..
RE"AGRE
M# DPTR/M4AG-
"A99 9"DLM4G
RET
M4AG-
D: 0/B./Please Recharge/."1/yo(r Acco(nt/..
TIT9E=
M# DPTR/M4AG
"A99 9"DLM4G
RET
M4AG
D: 0/B;/Ne' "ard/."0/<< DETE"TED <</..
TIT9E;
M# DPTR/M4AGJ
"A99 9"DLM4G
RET
M4AGJ
D: 0/B0/NEW @NIT PRI"E/."0/<< 4T#RED <</..
TIT9E-
M# DPTR/M4AGB
"A99 9"DLM4G
RET
M4AGB
D: 0/B=/NEW AM#@NT/."0/<< RE"ARGED <</..
SeminarsTopics.com

TIT9E
M# DPTR/M4AGC
"A99 9"DLM4G
RET
M4AGC
D: 0/B1/INA9ID "ARD/."./<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<</..
4Y4TEMLRE4ET
M# DPTR/M4AGC0
"A99 9"DLM4G
RET
M4AGC0
D: 0/B./4ystem Restored/."./<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<</..
H INITIA9IKE TE 9"D ;6:IT M#DE
INIT9"D;
"9R 9"DLR4 H 9"D REGI4TER 4E9E"T 9INE
"9R 9"DLE H ENA:9E 9INE
M# R;/ "#N!IG H !@N"TI#N 4ET 6 DATA :IT4/
H 9INE4/ !#NT4
"A99 WR9"D"#M;
M# R;/ #ND4P H DI4P9AY #N
"A99 WR9"D"#M;
M# R;/ ENTRYM#DE H 4ET ENTRY M#DE
"A99 WR9"D"#M; H IN"REMENT "@R4#R RIGT/ N# 4I!T
M# R;/ "9RD4P H "9EAR DI4P9AY/ #ME "@R4#R
"A99 WR9"D"#M;
RET
H 4#!TWARE ER4I#N #! TE P#WER #N RE4ET
RE4ET9"D;
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"9R 9"DLR4 H 9"D REGI4TER 4E9E"T 9INE
"9R 9"DLE H ENA:9E 9INE
"9R 9"DLD:J H 4ET :IT PATTERN !#R***
"9R 9"DLD: H *** P#WER6#N6RE4ET
4ET: 9"DLD:-
4ET: 9"DLD:;
4ET: 9"DLE H 4TART ENA:9E P@94E
"9R 9"DLE H END ENA:9E P@94E
M# A/ ; H DE9AY ; MI99I4E"#ND4
"A99 MDE9AY
M# A/ 0 H DE9AY 0 MI99I4E"#ND
"A99 MDE9AY
"A99 MDE9AY
"9R 9"DLD:; H 4PE"I!Y ;6:IT #PERATI#N
"A99 MDE9AY
M# R;/ "#N!IG H !@N"TI#N 4ET
"A99 WR9"D"#M;
M# R;/ .B H DI4P9AY #!!
"A99 WR9"D"#M;
M# R;/ 0 H "9EAR DI4P9AY/ #ME "@R4#R
SeminarsTopics.com

"A99 WR9"D"#M;
M# R;/ENTRYM#DE H 4ET ENTRY M#DE
A"A99 WR9"D"#M;
OMP INIT9"D;
H 4@: RE"EIE4 A "#MMAND W#RD T# TE 9"D
H "#MMAND M@4T :E P9A"ED IN R; :Y "A99ING PR#GRAM
WR9"D"#M;
"9R 9"DLE
"9R 9"DLR4 H 4E9E"T READ "#MMAND
P@4 A"" H 4AE A""@M@9AT#R
M# A/ R; H P@T DATA :YTE IN A""
M# "/ A""*; H 9#AD IG NI::9E #N DATA :@4
M# 9"DLD:;/ " H #NE :IT AT A TIME @4ING***
M# "/ A""*- H :IT M#E #PERAT#IN4
M# 9"DLD:-/ "
M# "/ A""*
M# 9"DLD:/ "
M# "/ A""*J
M# 9"DLD:J/ "
4ET: 9"DLE H P@94E TE ENA:9E 9INE
"9R 9"DLE
M# "/ A""*. H 4IMI9AR9Y/ 9#AD 9#W NI::9E
M# 9"DLD:;/ "
M# "/ A""*0
M# 9"DLD:-/ "
M# "/ A""*1
M# 9"DLD:/ "
M# "/ A""*=
SeminarsTopics.com

M# 9"DLD:J/ "
"9R 9"DLE
"9R 9"DLE
"A99 MADE9AY
P#P A""
RET
H 4@: T# RE"EIE A DATA W#RD T# TE 9"D
H DATA M@4T :E P9A"ED IN R; :Y "A99ING PR#GRAM
WR9"DDATA
"9R 9"DLE
4ET: 9"DLR4 H 4E9E"T READ DATA
P@4 A"" H 4AE A""@M@9AT#R
M# A/ R; H P@T DATA :YTE IN A""
M# "/ A""*; H 9#AD IG NI::9E #N DATA :@4
M# 9"DLD:;/ " H #NE :IT AT A TIME @4ING***
M# "/ A""*- H :IT M#E #PERAT#IN4
M# 9"DLD:-/ "
M# "/ A""*
M# 9"DLD:/ "
M# "/ A""*J
M# 9"DLD:J/ "
"9R 9"DLE
M# "/ A""*. H 4IMI9AR9Y/ 9#AD 9#W NI::9E
M# 9"DLD:;/ "
M# "/ A""*0
M# 9"DLD:-/ "
SeminarsTopics.com

M# "/ A""*1
M# 9"DLD:/ "
M# "/ A""*=
M# 9"DLD:J/ "
"9R 9"DLE
"9R 9"DLE
N#P
N#P
P#P A""
RET
H4@: TA8E4 TE 4TRING IMMEDIATE9Y !#99#WING TE "A99 HAND
H DI4P9AY4 #N TE 9"D* 4TRING M@4T :E TERMINATED WIT A
H N@99 +.,*
9"DLM4G
"9R A H "lear Inde>
M#" A/AQDPTR H Get byte %ointed by D%tr
IN" DPTR H Point to the ne>t byte
OK 9"DLMsgC H Ret(rn if fo(nd the Fero +end of stringF,
"ONE A/.0/9cdLMsg0 H "hec) if is a "lear "ommand
M# R;/A
"A99 WR9"D"#M; HIf yes/ RE"EIE it as command to 9"D
OMP 9"DLM4G HGo get ne>t byte from stringF
9cdLMsg0 "ONE A/.!!/!99 H"hec) for dis%laying f(ll character
M# R;/A
"A99 WR9"DDATA
OMP 9"DLM4G
!99 "ONE A/.B.h/SQ= H Data or Address If U B.h then is address*
SeminarsTopics.com

O" 9cdLMsgLData H "arry 'ill be set if A V B.h +Data,
M# R;/A
"A99 WR9"D"#M; H "arry not set if AUB./ it is address
OMP 9cdLMsg H Go get ne>t byte from stringF
9cdLMsgLData
M# R;/A
"A99 WR9"DDATA H It 'as data/ RE"EIE it to 9cd
OMP 9cdLMsg H Go get ne>t byte from stringF
9cdLMsgC
RET H Ret(rn to "aller
H 0 MI99I4E"#ND DE9AY R#@TINE
MDE9AY
P@4 A""
M# A/.A
MDL#9P
IN" A
N#P
N#P
N#P
N#P
N#P
N#P
N#P
N#P
ONK MDL#9P
N#P
P#P A""
SeminarsTopics.com

RET
MADE9AY
P@4 A""
M# A/.=
MADL#9P
IN" A
N#P
N#P
N#P
N#P
N#P
N#P
N#P
N#P
ONK MADL#9P
N#P
P#P A""
RET
DE9AY4 H#ne second delay ro(tine
M# R/ .. H%(t . in register R +R  .,
M# R-/ .; H%(t - in register R- +R-  ;,
9##P:
IN" R Hincrease R by one +R  R Q0,
A"A99 DE9AYM4 H call the ro(tine abo&e* It 'ill r(n and ret(rn to here*
M# A/ R Hmo&e &al(e in R to A
ONK 9##P: Hif A is not ./ go to 9##P:
DE" R- Hdecrease R- by one* +R-  R- 60,
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M# A/ R- Hmo&e &al(e in R- to A
ONK 9##P: Hif A is not . then go to 9##P:*
RET
DE9AYM4 Hmillisecond delay ro(tine H
M# RJ/.. H%(t &al(e of . in register RJ
9##PA
IN" RJ Hincrease RJ by one +RJ  RJ Q0,
M# A/RJ Hmo&e &al(e in RJ to Acc(mlator +also )no'n as A,
"ONE A/.!!/9##PA Hcom%are A to !! he> +1-,* If not e(al go to
H 9##PA
RET Hret(rn to the %oint that this ro(tine 'as called from
HTI4 R#@TINE 4END4 #@T "#NTENT4 #! TE A""@M@9AT#R
H to the EEPR#M and incl(des 4TART condition* Refer to the data sheets
H for disc(ssion of 4TART and 4T#P conditions*
#@T4 M# R1/B H9##P "#@NT 66 E@A9 T# :IT "#@NT
4ET: 4DA0 HIN4@RE DATA I4 I
4ET: 4"90 HIN4@RE "9#"8 I4 I
N#P HN#TE 0
N#P
N#P
"9R 4DA0 H4TART "#NDITI#N 66 DATA  .
N#P HN#TE 0
N#P
N#P
"9R 4"90 H"9#"8  .
#T49P R9" A H4I!T :IT
ON" :IT94
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4ET: 4DA0 HDATA  0
OMP #T490 H"#NTIN@E
:IT94 "9R 4DA0 HDATA  .
#T490 4ET: 4"90 H"9#"8 I
N#P HN#TE 0
N#P
N#P
"9R 4"90 H"9#"8 9#W
DONK R1/#T49P HDE"REMENT "#@NTER
4ET: 4DA0 HT@RN PIN INT# INP@T
N#P HN#TE 0
4ET: 4"90 H"9#"8 A"8
N#P HN#TE 0
N#P
N#P
"9R 4"90
RET
HTI4 R#@TINE 4END4 #@T "#NTENT4 #! A""@M9AT#R T# EEPR#M
H 'itho(t sending a 4TART condition*
#@T M# R1/B H9##P "#@NT 66 E@A9 T# :IT "#@NT
#T9P R9" A H4I!T :IT
ON" :IT9
OMP #T90 H"#NTIN@E
:IT9 "9R 4DA0 HDATA  .
#T90 4ET: 4"90 H"9#"8 I
N#P HN#TE 0
N#P
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N#P
"9R 4"90 H"9#"8 9#W
DONK R1/#T9P HDE"REMENT "#@NTER
N#P HN#TE 0
4ET: 4"90 H"9#"8 A"8
N#P HN#TE 0
N#P
N#P
"9R 4"90
RET
4T#P "9R 4DA0 H4T#P "#NDITI#N 4ET DATA 9#W
N#P HN#TE 0
N#P
N#P
4ET: 4"90 H4ET "9#"8 I
N#P HN#TE 0
N#P
N#P
4ET: 4DA0 H4ET DATA IG
RET
HTI4 R#@TINE READ4 A :YTE #! DATA !R#M EEPR#M
H !rom EEPR#M c(rrent address %ointer*
H Ret(rns the data byte in R0
"READ M# A/RD"MD H9#AD READ "#MMAND
"A99 #@T4 H4END IT
"A99 IN HREAD DATA
M# R0/A H4T#RE DATA
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RET
H TI4 R#@TINE READ4 IN A :YTE !R#M TE EEPR#M
H and stores it in the acc(m(lator
IN M# R1/B H9##P "#@NT
4ET: 4DA0 H4ET DATA :IT IG !#R INP@T
IN9P "9R 4"90 H"9#"8 9#W
N#P HN#TE 0
N#P
N#P
N#P
4ET: 4"90 H"9#"8 IG
"9R " H"9EAR "ARRY
ON: 4DA0/IN90 HO@MP I! DATA  .
"P9 " H4ET "ARRY I! DATA  0
IN90 R9" A HR#TATE DATA INT# A""@M@9AT#R
DONK R1/IN9P HDE"REMENT "#@NTER
"9R 4"90 H"9#"8 9#W
RET
H This ro(tine test for WRITE D#NE condition
H by testing for an A"8*
H This ro(tine can be r(n as soon as a 4T#P condition
H has been generated after the last data byte has been sent
H to the EEPR#M* The ro(tine loo%s (ntil an A"8 is recei&ed from
H the EEPR#M* No A"8 'ill be recei&ed (ntil the EEPR#M is done 'ith
H the 'rite o%eration*
A"8T4T M# A/WT"MD H 9#AD WRITE "#MMAND T# 4END
H ADDRE44
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M# R1/B H9##P "#@NT 66 E@A9 T# :IT "#@NT
"9R 4DA0 H4TART "#NDITI#N 66 DATA  .
N#P HN#TE 0
N#P
N#P
"9R 4"90 H"9#"8  .
A8T9P R9" A H4I!T :IT
ON" A8T94
OMP A8T90 H"#NTIN@E
A8T94 "9R 4DA0 HDATA  .
A8T90 4ET: 4"90 H"9#"8 I
N#P HN#TE 0
N#P
N#P
"9R 4"90 H"9#"8 9#W
DONK R1/A8T9P HDE"REMENT "#@NTER
N#P HN#TE 0
4ET: 4"90 H"9#"8 A"8
N#P HN#TE 0
N#P
N#P
ON: 4DA0/EIT HEIT I! A"8 +WRITE D#NE,
OMP A"8T4T H4TART #ER
EIT "9R 4"90 H"9#"8 9#W
"9R 4DA0 HDATA 9#W
N#P HN#TE 0
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N#P
N#P
4ET: 4"90 H"9#"8 IG
N#P
N#P
4ET: 4DA0 H4T#P "#NDITI#N
RET
END
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CHAPTER&8
ADVANTA*ES , DISADVANTA*ES
8.1 ADVANTA*ES-
The Pre%aid Energy Meter for India* described in this Pro3ect has many
ad&antages*
 Red(ced "hance of Meter Tam%ering The %ro3ect (ses electronic
energy meters 'ith b(ilt in tam%er detection facility 'hich eliminates
any chance of mechanical tam%ering
 Red(ced Meter Reading "osts 4ince the b(rden of tra&eling to read and
recharge the energy meters is eliminated by (sing 'ireless media/ the
costs are significantly red(ced*
 :etter Energy @sage 4ince the energy billing is %re %aid/ the cons(mers
'ill no' (se electricity in a better %lanned manner thereby red(cing
'astage*
 !ast Resol(tion of Acco(nt (eries As there can be no meter reading
transcri%tion errors/ c(stomer com%laints 'ill be lo'er*
 Im%ro&ed "(stomer "are !acilities The c(stomer can get f(ll details of
his energy cons(m%tion as a database for e&ery c(stomer is being
maintained*
 Ada%table to "hange in Po'er Tariff The energy meter 'ill be
%rocesses only (nits and not r(%ees +money,* Th(s 'hen there is a
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change in %o'er tariff there is no need to chang the meter code* The
o%erator at the s(bstation 'ill calc(late the n(mber of (nits based on the
e>isting tariff and recharge the meters in terms of 8Wh*
 :etter Energy Management 4ince the load %attern of a %artic(lar area
and c(stomers is a&ailable thro(gh the database/ it facilitates load
shedding in case of energy shortfall* The system 'ill enable easy energy
a(dits*
 Red(ction in Po'er Theft :eca(se of the real time theft detection
system %o'er thefts can be drastically red(ced or remo&ed*
8.2 DISADVANTA*ES-
 The main disad&antage of the system is/ beca(se of h(ge electronic

hard'are in&ol&ed in the system/ the o&erall system cons(mes more
electric energy
X Remedy
 When the system is con&erted into engineering mod(le/ the b(l)y
hard'are can be con&erted into a small6integrated chi%* When the
hard'are is minimiFed nat(rally the system cons(mes less %o'er*
 4ince it is a %rototy%e mod(le/ beca(se of h(ge hard'are the system
occ(%ies more s%ace*
 The cons(mer or the electrical de%artment has to s%end more amo(nts
for installing this )ind of smart energy meters* Economically it is not
ad&ised* 
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 The %resent energy billing system %ro&ides em%loyment for nearly B60.
%eo%le in e&ery distrib(tion station for 3obs li)e billing/ %rocessing etc*
 The %resently installed energy meters sho(ld be either modified or
re%laced 'ith the ne' meter/ 'hich cons(mes time/ labor and money*
 The %re%aid system 'ill lea&e the c(stomer 'itho(t %o'er/ if he co(ld
not recharge his meter in time d(e to some (na&oidable reason*
 The %re%aid system 'ill %ro&ide %o'er only to those 'ho can afford to
%re%ay*
"om%ared to the ad&antages/ the abo&e disad&antages are minimal in
their im%act*
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CHAPTER&9
APP(ICATION
The Pre%aid Energy Meter designed in this %a%er co(ld find a%%lication
in e&ery state distrib(tion com%any for energy billing a%art from intelligent
load shedding and theft detection* It can also be e>tended for metering and
monitoring other (tility commodities/ s(ch as Internet access/ %re%aid
drin)ing 'ater/ etc*
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CHAPTER&:
UTURE SCOPE
The Pre%aid Energy Meter for India/ has the %otential to change the f(t(re of
the energy billing system in India* It co(ld hel% the energy distrib(tion
com%anies red(ce costs and increase %rofits/ im%ro&e billing acc(racy and
efficiency/ and contrib(te to the energy s(stainability
 The recharge method (sed here can be re%laced 'ith the G4M Modems
and can be e>tended to ma)e the energy billing system more 'ide
s%read and ma)e it one system for the entire state*
 The mode of %ayment by the cons(mers can be e>tended to credit cards/
internet based %ayments/ ATM "enters etc* This ma)es the recharging
system sim%ler and eliminating the need for c(stomers to go to the
recharge centers allo'ing the (ser any time recharge*
 Instead of recharging the chi%/ the readily a&ailable recharge cards
+smart cards, (sed in cell %hones can be introd(ced 'hich 'ill enable
easier recharging of meters* These cards can be made a&ailable at all
s(%er mar)ets/ grocery sho%s etc*
With these e>tensions c(stomers can be relie&ed of the b(rden of
recharging the meter only at the recharging centres* @sing these other
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mechanisms/ they can recharge their meters at their con&enience and

ma)ing the system m(ch more (ser friendly*

CONC(USION

 Pre%aid energy meter 'ith tariff indicator is a conce%t to minimiFe the

Electricity theft 'ith a cost efficient manner*
 The (sers are not bo(nd to %ay e>cesses amo(nt of money/ (sers ha&e to
%ay according to their re(irement*
 It can red(ce %roblem associated 'ith billing cons(mer li&ing in isolated
area and red(ces de%loyment of man%o'er for ta)ing meter
readings*
 Pre%aid energy meter 'ith tariff indicator is more reliable and (ser
friendly
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'I'(IO*RAPH7
 Re3eren/e '%%$
o The B.-0microcontroller and embedded systems

M@AMMAD A9I MAKIDI
OANI"E GI99I4PIE MAKIDI
o The B.-0 microcontroller 8ENNET O* AYA9A
 We;$!te
o '''*datasheets;(*com
o '''*B.-0*com
o '''*google*com
o '''*%rimegro(%india*com
o '''*indianengineer*'ord%ress*com
o '''*'i)i%edia*org
APPENDI<

A1. C%mp%nent C%$t Deta!$
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CO+PONENTS RAN*E PRI=E>R$.?
Resister :o> All Ty%es =.*..
0 <1 9"D Dis%lay 01.*..
; <; 8ey%ad -.*..
"rystal 01 MF 0-*.. < =;-
I" ATBC4-1 1-*..
I" AT1;".1 0-*.. < =;-
I" ATBC"1.-0 1.*..
I" @9N1..= 1-*..
"a%acitor 0Z!50 .0*..
"a%acitor ==%! .*..
Energy Meter -..*..
9ED +red, .=*.. <1  .*..
9ED +green, .=*.. <1  .*..
0. 8 Register Net'or) 0.*..
:(FFer =.*..
T%ta C%$t @14.55
A2. Data Sheet %3 AT:@S42-&
A2.1 eature$-
 "om%atible 'ith M"46-0[ Prod(cts
 B8 :ytes of In64ystem Programmable +I4P, !lash Memory
 End(rance 0... Write5Erase "ycles
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 ;*. to -*- #%erating Range
 !(lly 4tatic #%eration . F to == MF
 Three6le&el Program Memory 9oc)
 B6bit Internal RAM
 =1 Programmable I5# 9ines
 Three 06bit Timer5"o(nters
 Eight Interr(%t 4o(rces
 !(ll D(%le> @ART 4erial "hannel
 9o'6%o'er Idle and Po'er6do'n Modes
 Interr(%t Reco&ery from Po'er6do'n Mode
 Watchdog Timer
 D(al Data Pointer
 Po'er6off !lag
A2.2 De$/r!pt!%n-
The ATBC4-1 is a lo'6%o'er/ high6%erformance "M#4 B6bit microcontroller

'ith B8 bytes of in6system %rogrammable !lash memory* The de&ice is
man(fact(red (sing Atmel7s high6density non&olatile memory technology and
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is com%atible 'ith the ind(stry6 standard B."-0 instr(ction set and %ino(t* The
on6chi% !lash allo's the %rogram memory to be re%rogrammed in6system or
by a con&entional non&olatile memory %rogrammer* :y combining a &ersatile
B6bit "P@ 'ith in6system %rogrammable !lash on a monolithic chi%/ the Atmel
ATBC4-1 is a %o'erf(l microcontroller 'hich %ro&ides a highly6fle>ible and
cost6effecti&e sol(tion to many embedded control a%%lications* The ATBC4-1
%ro&ides the follo'ing standard feat(res B8 bytes of !lash/ 1- bytes of
RAM/ =1 I5# lines/ Watchdog timer/ t'o data %ointers/ three 06bit
timer5co(nters/ a si>6&ector t'o6le&el interr(%t architect(re/ a f(ll d(%le> serial
%ort/ on6chi% oscillator/ and cloc) circ(itry* In addition/ the ATBC4-1 is
designed 'ith static logic for o%eration do'n to Fero fre(ency and s(%%orts
t'o soft'are selectable %o'er sa&ing modes* The Idle Mode sto%s the "P@
'hile allo'ing the RAM/ timer5co(nters/ serial %ort/ and interr(%t system to
contin(e f(nctioning* The Po'er6do'n mode sa&es the RAM contents b(t
freeFes the oscillator/ disabling all other chi% f(nctions (ntil the ne>t interr(%t
or hard'are reset*
A2.# '%/ D!agram-
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A2.6 P!n D!$/r!pt!%n-&
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 VCC- 4(%%ly &oltage*
 *ND- Gro(nd*
 P%rt 5- Port . is an B6bit o%en drain bidirectional I5# %ort* As an o(t%(t
%ort/ each %in can sin) eight TT9 in%(ts* When 0s are 'ritten to %ort .
%ins/ the %ins can be (sed as highim%edance in%(ts* Port . can also be
config(red to be the m(lti%le>ed lo'order address5data b(s d(ring
accesses to e>ternal %rogram and data memory* In this mode/ P. has
internal %(ll(%s* Port . also recei&es the code bytes d(ring !lash
%rogramming and o(t%(ts the code bytes d(ring %rogram &erification*
E>ternal %(ll(%s are re(ired d(ring %rogram &erification*
 P%rt 1- Port 0 is an B6bit bidirectional I5# %ort 'ith internal %(ll(%s*
The Port 0 o(t%(t b(ffers can sin)5so(rce fo(r TT9 in%(ts* When 0s are
'ritten to Port 0 %ins/ they are %(lled high by the internal %(ll(%s and
can be (sed as in%(ts* As in%(ts/ Port 0 %ins that are e>ternally being
%(lled lo' 'ill so(rce c(rrent +II9, beca(se of the internal %(ll(%s* In
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addition/ P0*. and P0*0 can be config(red to be the timer5co(nter 1

e>ternal co(nt in%(t +P0*.5T1, and the timer5co(nter 1 trigger in%(t
+P0*05T1E,/ res%ecti&ely/ as sho'n in the follo'ing table* Port 0 also
recei&es the lo'6order address bytes d(ring !lash %rogramming and
&erification*
 P%rt 2- Port 1 is an B6bit bidirectional I5# %ort 'ith internal %(ll(%s*
The Port 1 o(t%(t b(ffers can sin)5so(rce fo(r TT9 in%(ts* When 0s are
'ritten to Port 1 %ins/ they are %(lled high by the internal %(ll(%s and
can be (sed as in%(ts* As in%(ts/ Port 1 %ins that are e>ternally being
%(lled lo' 'ill so(rce c(rrent +II9, beca(se of the internal %(ll(%s* Port
1 emits the high6order address byte d(ring fetches from e>ternal
%rogram memory and d(ring accesses to e>ternal data memory that (se
06bit addresses +M#  DPTR,* In this a%%lication/ Port 1 (ses
strong internal %(ll6(%s 'hen emitting 0s* D(ring accesses to e>ternal
data memory that (se B6bit addresses +M#  RI,/ Port 1 emits the
contents of the P1 4%ecial !(nction Register* Port 1 also recei&es the
high6order address bits and some control signals d(ring !lash
%rogramming and &erification*
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 P%rt #- Port = is an B6bit bidirectional I5# %ort 'ith internal %(ll(%s*
The Port = o(t%(t b(ffers can sin)5so(rce fo(r TT9 in%(ts* When 0s are
'ritten to Port = %ins/ they are %(lled high by the internal %(ll(%s and
can be (sed as in%(ts* As in%(ts/ Port = %ins that are e>ternally being
%(lled lo' 'ill so(rce c(rrent +II9, beca(se of the %(ll(%s* Port = also
ser&es the f(nctions of &ario(s s%ecial feat(res of the ATBC4-1/ as
sho'n in the follo'ing table* Port = also recei&es some control signals
for !lash %rogramming and &erification*
 RST- Reset in%(t* A high on this %in for t'o machine cycles 'hile the
oscillator is r(nning resets the de&ice* This %in dri&es igh for C
oscillator %eriods after the Watchdog times o(t* The DI4RT# bit in 4!R
A@R +address BE, can be (sed to disable this feat(re* In the defa(lt
state of bit DI4RT#/ the RE4ET IG o(t feat(re is enabled*
 A(EPRO*- Address 9atch Enable +A9E, is an o(t%(t %(lse for

latching the lo' byte of the address d(ring accesses to e>ternal memory*
This %in is also the %rogram %(lse in%(t +PR#G, d(ring !lash
%rogramming* In normal o%eration/ A9E is emitted at a constant rate of
05 the oscillator fre(ency and may be (sed for e>ternal timing or
cloc)ing %(r%oses* Note/ ho'e&er/ that one A9E %(lse is s)i%%ed d(ring
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each access to e>ternal data memory* If desired/ A9E o%eration can be

disabled by setting bit . of 4!R location BE* With the bit set/ A9E is
acti&e only d(ring a M# or M#" instr(ction* #ther'ise/ the %in
is'ea)ly %(lled high* 4etting the A9E6disable bit has no effect if the
microcontroller is in e>ternal e>ec(tion mode*
 PSENProgram 4tore Enable +P4EN, is the read strobe to e>ternal
%rogram memory* When the ATBC4-1 is e>ec(ting code from e>ternal

%rogram memory/ P4EN is acti&ated t'ice each machine cycle/ e>ce%t
that t'o P4EN acti&ations are s)i%%ed d(ring each access to e>ternal
data memory*
 EAVPPE>ternal Access Enable* EA m(st be stra%%ed to GND in order
to enable the de&ice to fetch code from e>ternal %rogram memory

locations starting at .... (% to !!!!* Note/ ho'e&er/ that if loc) bit
0 is %rogrammed/ EA 'ill be internally latched on reset* EA sho(ld be
stra%%ed to "" for internal %rogram e>ec(tions* This %in also recei&es
the 016&olt %rogramming enable &oltage +PP, d(ring !lash
%rogramming*
 <TA(1-In%(t to the in&erting oscillator am%lifier and in%(t to the
internal cloc) o%erating circ(it*

 <TA(2-#(t%(t from the in&erting oscillator am%lifier*
 Spe/!a un/t!%n Reg!$ter$- A ma% of the on6chi% memory area called
the 4%ecial !(nction Register +4!R, s%ace is sho'n in Table 0* Note

that not all of the addresses are occ(%ied/ and (nocc(%ied addresses may
not be im%lemented on the chi%* Read accesses to these addresses 'ill in
general ret(rn random data/ and 'rite accesses 'ill ha&e an
indeterminate effect* @ser soft'are sho(ld not 'rite 0s to these (nlisted
locations/ since they may be (sed in f(t(re %rod(cts to in&o)e ne'
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feat(res* In that case/ the reset or inacti&e &al(es of the ne' bits 'ill
al'ays be .*
 T!mer 2 Reg!$ter$- "ontrol and stat(s bits are contained in registers
T1"#N +sho'n in Table 1, and T1M#D +sho'n in Table =, for Timer 1*

The register %air +R"AP1/ R"AP19, are the "a%t(re5Reload registers
for Timer 1 in 06bit ca%t(re mode or 06bit a(to6reload mode*
 Interrupt Reg!$ter$-The indi&id(al interr(%t enable bits are in the IE
register* T'o %riorities can be set for each of the si> interr(%t so(rces in
the IP register*
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 Dua Data P%!nter Reg!$ter$- To facilitate accessing both internal and
e>ternal data memory/ t'o ban)s of 06bit Data Pointer Registers are
%ro&ided DP. at 4!R address locations B16B= and DP0 at B;6B-*
:it DP4  . in 4!R A@R0 selects DP. and DP4  0 selects DP0* The
(ser sho(ld al'ays initialiFe the DP4 bit to the a%%ro%riate &al(e before
accessing the res%ecti&e Data Pointer Register*
 P%0er O33 ag- The Po'er #ff !lag +P#!, is located at bit ;
+P"#N*;, in the P"#N 4!R* P#! is set to “0$ d(ring %o'er (%* It can
be set and rest (nder soft'are control and is not affected by reset*
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A#. DATA SHEET O AT:@C2541-
A#.1 eature$
 "om%atible 'ith M"4[6-0Prod(cts
 18 :ytes of Re%rogrammable !lash Memory \ End(rance 0./...

Write5Erase "ycles
 1*J to  #%erating Range
 !(lly 4tatic #%eration . F to 1; MF
 T'o6le&el Program Memory 9oc) ] 01B > B6bit Internal RAM
 0- Programmable I5# 9ines
 T'o 06bit Timer5"o(nters
 4i> Interr(%t 4o(rces
 Programmable 4erial @ART "hannel
 Direct 9ED Dri&e #(t%(ts
 #n6chi% Analog "om%arator
 9o'6%o'er Idle and Po'er6do'n Modes
 Green +Pb5alide6free, Pac)aging #%tion
A#.2 De$/r!pt!%n-
The ATBC"1.-0 is a lo'6&oltage/ high6%erformance "M#4 B6bit

microcom%(ter 'ith 18 bytes of !lash %rogrammable and erasable read6only
memory +PER#M,* The de&ice is man(fact(red (sing Atmel7s high6density
non&olatile memory technology and is com%atible 'ith the ind(stry6standard
M"46-0 instr(ction set* :y combining a &ersatile B6bit "P@ 'ith !lash on a
monolithic chi%/ the Atmel ATBC"1.-0 is a %o'er6f(l microcom%(ter 'hich
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%ro&ides a highly6fle>ible and cost6effecti&e sol(tion to many embedded

control a%%lications* The ATBC"1.-0 %ro&ides the follo'ing standard feat(res
18 bytes of !lash/ 01B bytes of RAM/ 0- I5# lines/ t'o 06bit timer5co(nters/
a fi&e &ector t'o6le&el interr(%t architect(re/ a f(ll d(%le> serial %ort/ a
%recision analog com%arator/ on6chi% oscillator and cloc) circ(itry* In addition/
the ATBC"1.-0 is designed 'ith static logic for o%era6tion do'n to Fero
fre(ency and s(%%orts t'o soft'are selectable %o'er sa&ing modes* The Idle
Mode sto%s the "P@ 'hile allo'ing the RAM/ timer5co(nters/ serial %ort and
interr(%t system to contin(e f(nctioning* The %o'er6do'n mode sa&es the
RAM contents b(t freeFes the oscillator disabling all other chi% f(nctions (ntil
the ne>t hard'are reset*
A#.# '%/ D!agram-
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A#.6 P!n De$/r!pt!%n-
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 VCC- 4(%%ly &oltage*
 *ND- Gro(nd*
 P%rt 1- The Port 0 is an B6bit bi6directional I5# %ort* Port %ins P0*1 to
P0*J %ro&ide internal %(ll6(%s* P0*. and P0*0 re(ire e>ternal %(ll6(%s*
P0*. and P0*0 also ser&e as the %ositi&e in%(t +AIN., and the negati&e
in%(t +AIN0,/ res%ecti&ely/ of the on6chi% %recision analog com%arator*
The Port 0 o(t6%(t b(ffers can sin) 1. mA and can dri&e 9ED dis%lays
directly* When 0s are 'ritten to Port 0 %ins/ they can be (sed as in%(ts*
When %ins P0*1 to P0*J are (sed as in%(ts and are e>ternally %(lled lo'/
they 'ill so(rce c(rrent +II9, beca(se of the internal %(ll6(%s* Port 0
also recei&es code data d(ring !lash %rogramming and &erification*
 P%rt #- Port = %ins P=*. to P=*-/ P=*J are se&en bi6directional I5# %ins
'ith internal %(ll6(%s* P=* is hard6'ired as an in%(t to the o(t%(t of the

on6chi% com%arator and is not accessible as a gen6eral6%(r%ose I5# %in*
The Port = o(t%(t b(ffers can sin) 1. mA* When 0s are 'ritten to Port =
%ins they are %(lled high by the internal %(ll6(%s and can be (sed as
in%(ts* As in%(ts/ Port = %ins that are e>ternally being %(lled lo' 'ill
so(rce c(rrent +II9, beca(se of the %(ll6(%s* Port = also ser&es the
f(nctions of &ario(s s%ecial feat(res of the ATBC"1.-0 as listed belo'
 RST- Reset in%(t* All I5# %ins are reset to 0s as soon as R4T goes high*
olding the R4T %in high for t'o machine cycles 'hile the oscillator is
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r(nning resets the de&ice* Each machine cycle ta)es 01 oscillator or
cloc) cycles*
 <TA(1- In%(t to the in&erting oscillator am%lifier and in%(t to the
internal cloc) o%erating circ(it*

 <TA(2- #(t%(t from the in&erting oscillator am%lifier*
 O$/!at%r Chara/ter!$t!/$- The TA90 and TA91 are the in%(t and
o(t%(t/ res%ecti&ely/ of an in&erting am%lifier 'hich can be config(red

for (se as an on6chi% oscillator/ as sho'n in !ig(re -60* Either a (artF
crystal or ceramic resonator may be (sed* To dri&e the de&ice from an
e>ternal cloc) so(rce/ TA91 sho(ld be left (nconnected 'hile TA90
is dri&en as sho'n in !ig(re -61* There are no re(ire6ments on the d(ty
cycle of the e>ternal cloc) signal/ since the in%(t to the internal cloc)ing
circ(itry is thro(gh a di&ide6by6t'o fli%6flo%/ b(t minim(m and
ma>im(m &oltage high and lo' time s%ecifications m(st be obser&ed*
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 Spe/!a un/t!%n Reg!$ter$- A ma% of the on6chi% memory area called
the 4%ecial !(nction Register +4!R, s%ace is sho'n in the table belo'*
Note that not all of the addresses are occ(%ied/ and (nocc(%ied
addresses may not be im%lemented on the chi%* Read accesses to these
addresses 'ill in general ret(rn random data/ and 'rite accesses 'ill
ha&e an indeterminate effect* @ser soft'are sho(ld not 'rite 0s to these
(nlisted locations/ since they may be (sed in f(t(re %rod(cts to in&o)e
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ne' feat(res* In that case/ the reset or inacti&e &al(es of the ne' bits
'ill al'ays be .*
A6. DATA SHEET O AT26C526-
A6.1 eature$-
 9o'6&oltage and 4tandard6&oltage #%eration
o 1*J+""  1*J to -*-,
o 0*B +""  0*B to -*-,
 Internally #rganiFed 01B > B +08,/ 1- > B +18,/ -01 > B +;8,/
 0.1; > B +B8, or 1.;B > B +08,
 4chmitt Trigger/ !iltered In%(ts for Noise 4(%%ression
 :idirectional Data Transfer Protocol
 0.. )F +0*B, and ;.. )F +1*J/ -, "om%atibility
 Write Protect Pin for ard'are Data Protection
 B6byte Page +08/ 18,/ 06byte Page +;8/ B8/ 08, Write Modes /Partial
Page Writes Allo'ed
 4elf6timed Write "ycle +- ms ma>,
 igh6reliability
 End(rance 0 Million Write "ycles
 Data Retention 0.. Years
 A(tomoti&e De&ices A&ailable
 B6lead OEDE" PDIP/ B6lead OEDE" 4#I"/ B6lead @ltra Thin Mini6MAP
+M9P 1>=,/ -6lead
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 4#T1=/ B6lead T44#P and B6ball d:GA1 Pac)ages
 Die 4ales Wafer !orm/ Waffle Pac) and :(m%ed Wafers
A6.2 De$/r!pt!%n-
The AT1;".0A5.15.;5.BA50A %ro&ides 0.1;51.;B5;.C5B0C150=B; bits of

serial electrically erasable and %rogrammable read6only memory +EEPR#M,
organiFed as 01B51-5-0150.1;51.;B 'ords of B bits each* The de&ice is
o%timiFed for (se in many ind(strial and commercial a%%lications 'here lo'6
%o'er and lo'6&oltage o%eration are essential* The
AT1;".0A5.15.;5.BA50A is a&ailable in s%ace6sa&ing B6lead PDIP/ B6lead
OEDE" 4#I"/ B6lead @ltra Thin Mini6MAP +M9P 1>=,/ -6lead 4#T1=
+AT1;".0A5AT1;".15AT1;".;,/ B6lead T44#P/ and B6ball d:GA1 %ac)ages
and is accessed &ia a T'o6'ire serial interface* In addition/ the entire family is
a&ailable in 1*J +1*J to -*-, and 0*B +0*B to -*-, &ersions*
A6.# '%/ D!agram-
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P!n De$/r!pt!%n-
 SERIA( C(OC) >SC(?- The 4"9 in%(t is (sed to %ositi&e edge cloc)
data into each EEPR#M de&ice and negati&e edge cloc) data o(t of
each de&ice*
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 SERIA( DATA >SDA?- The 4DA %in is bidirectional for serial data
transfer* This %in is o%en6drain dri&en and may be 'ire6#Red 'ith any
n(mber of other o%en6drain or o%encollector de&ices*
 DEVICEPA*E ADDRESSES >A2B A1B A5?- The A1/ A0 and A. %ins
are de&ice address in%(ts that are hard 'ired for the AT1;".0A and the
AT1;".1* As many as eight 08518 de&ices may be addressed on a
single b(s system +de&ice addressing is disc(ssed in detail (nder the
De&ice Addressing section,* The AT1;".; (ses the A1 and A0 in%(ts
for hard 'ire addressing and a total of fo(r ;8 de&ices may be
addressed on a single b(s system* The A. %in is a no connect and can be
connected to gro(nd* The AT1;".BA only (ses the A1 in%(t for
hard'ire addressing and a total of t'o B8 de&ices may be addressed on
a single b(s system* The A. and A0 %ins are no connects and can be
connected to gro(nd* The AT1;"0A does not (se the de&ice address
%ins/ 'hich limits the n(mber of de&ices on a single b(s to one* The A./
A0 and A1 %ins are no connects and can be connected to gro(nd*
 WRITE PROTECT >WP?- The AT1;".0A5.15.;5.BA50A has a
Write Protect %in that %ro&ides hard'are data %rotection* The Write
Protect %in allo's normal Read5Write o%erations 'hen connected to
gro(nd +GND,* When the Write Protect %in is connected to ""/ the
'rite %rotection feat(re is enabled and o%erates as sho'n in Table 1*
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A4. DATA SHEET O U(N255#-
IG #9TAGE AND IG "@RRENT DAR9INGT#N TRAN4I4T#R

ARRAY
A4.1 DESCRIPTION-
The @9N1..= is a monolithic high &oltage and high c(rrent Darlington

transistor arrays* It consists of se&en NPN darlington %airs that feat(res high6
&oltage o(t%(ts 'ith common6cathode clam% diode for s'itching ind(cti&e
loads* The collector6c(rrent rating of a single darlington %air is -..mA* The
darlington %airs may be %arrlleled for higher c(rrent ca%ability* A%%lications
incl(de relay dri&ers/hammer dri&ers/ lam%dri&ers/dis%lay dri&ers+9ED gas
discharge,/line dri&ers/ and logic b(ffers*
The @9N1..= has a 1*J)W series base resistor for each darlington %air
for o%eration directly 'ith TT9 or - "M#4 de&ices*
A4.2 EATURES-
 -..mA rated collector c(rrent+4ingle o(t%(t,
 igh6&oltage o(t%(ts -.
 In%(ts com%atibale 'ith &ario(s ty%es of logic*
 Relay dri&er a%%lication*
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A8. Data $heet %3 +CT2E >Opt%/%uperB Ph%t%tran$!$t%r OutputB

W!th 'a$e C%nne/t!%n?
Figure 2.2 IC MCT2E

A8.1 eature$-
 Interfaces 'ith common logic families
 In%(t6o(t%(t co(%ling ca%acitance V .*- %!
 Ind(stry 4tandard D(al6in line 6%in %ac)age
 -=.. RM4 isolation test &oltage
A8.2 De$/r!pt!%n-
4tandard 4ingle "hannel Phototransistor "o(%lers* The M"T15 M"TE family
is an Ind(stry 4tandard 4ingle "hannel Phototransistor*Each o%toco(%ler
consists of galli(m arsenide infrared 9ED and a silicon NPN %hototransistor*
A8.# A;$%ute +a!mum Rat!ng$-
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Tam%  1- ^"/ (nless other'ise s%ecified4tresses in e>cess of the absol(te

Ma>im(m Ratings can ca(se %ermanent damage to the de&ice* !(nctional
o%eration of the de&ice is not im%lied at these or any other conditions in e>cess
of those gi&en in the o%erational sections of this doc(ment* E>%os(re to
absol(te Ma>im(m Rating for e>tended %eriods of the time can ad&ersely
affect reliability*
A8.6 Pa/age D!men$!%n$ !n In/he$ >mm?
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A scheme of Electricity billing system called “PREPAID ENERGY METER

The sco%e of the %ro3ect 'or) is to introd(ce ad&anced technology in

1.2 Why Prepayment – Energy Supp!er"

• Pay before (se

• 8ee% c(stomers on s(%%ly

• Reco&er money o'ed +debt,

• No bill %rod(ction

• No bill distrib(tion

• No need to chase %ayments

• No f(rther actions s(ch as disconnections

1.# Why Prepayment – The Cu$t%mer"

• No hidden s(r%rises

• No ha&ing to find the money

• No billing errors

• No socially (nacce%table

'(OC) DIA*RA+ , ITS DESCRIPTION

2.1 '(OC) DIA*RA+- Car pr%grammer

2.2 '(OC) DIA*RA+- Prepa! Energy +eter

#.1 C!r/u!t De$/r!pt!%n

There are mainly t'o ty%es of circ(its

#.1.1 Car pr%grammer-

card to Rs*-./0../0-./1../1-. etc2by (sing the ;<= matri> )ey%ad 'e

 Insert the card into the Programmer

#.1.2 +a!n /!r/u!t-

#.2 (IST O CO+PONENTS

#.2. CIRCUIT DIA*RA+

#.2.1. CARD PRO*RA++ER CIRCUIT

#.2.2. +AIN CIRCUIT DIA*RA+

PRO*RA++IN* IN ASSE+'(7 (AN*UA*E

PRO*AR+IN*- PREPAID ENER*7 +ETER

R:. E@ ... H 4elect Register :an) .

R:0 E@ ..B H 4elect Register :an) 0 ***%o)e to P4W to (se

4DA0 E@ P1*0 H4DAPIN-

4"90 E@ P1*. H4"9PIN

WT"MD E@ 0.0..00.: HWRITE DATA "#MMAND Note =

RD"MD E@ 0.0..000: HREAD DATA "#MMAND Note =

WT"MD0 E@ 0.0.....: HWRITE DATA "#MMAND Note =

RD"MD0 E@ 0.0....0: HREAD DATA "#MMAND Note =

RE9AY E@ P1*J

:@KKER E@ P1*;

9"DLR4 E@ P.*. H9"D REGI4TER 4E9E"T 9INE

9"DLE E@ P.*0 H9"D ENA:9E 9INE

9"DLD:; E@ P.*1 HP#RT 0 I4 @4ED !#R DATA

9"DLD:- E@ P.*= H@4ED !#R DATA

9"DLD: E@ P.*; H!#R DATA

9"DLD:J E@ P.*- H !#R DATA

H <<<"@R4#R "#NTR#9 IN4TR@"TI#N4<<<

#!!"@R E@ ."

:9IN8"@R E@ .D H

<<<DI4P9AY "#NTR#9 IN4TR@"TI#N4<<<

"9RD4P E@ .0

#ND4P E@ ."

"#N!IG E@ 1B H ;6:IT DATA/1 9INE4/-J MATRI 9"D

ENTRYM#DE E@  H IN"REMENT "@R4#R D#NT 4I!T DI4P9AY

D4EG H This is internal data memory

#RG 1. H :it adressable memory

:"D"ARRY :IT !9AG40*.

PRORA++IN IN ASSE+'(7 (ANUAE

PROAR+IN- PREPAID ENER*7 +ETER