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TD Seminar1 (Копия)
TD Seminar1 (Копия)
Writting activities
1.You have observed the development of the term ‘discourse’ in the modern
theory of discourse. Draw a Mind-Map, including the following items:
Prerequisites -> Linguistics of Text -> The aim of the study -> The language+ text
-> the independent interdisciplinary area
School or system leaders who progress through this book with colleagues
will develop a shared vision for ambitious teaching and learning anchored in the
instructional core; organize the work of the leadership and teacher teams to
advance this vision; and build psychologically safe team, school, and system
cultures to support the risk taking and constructive challenges necessary to move
schools or systems to the next level of performance.
When you do discourse analysis, you might focus on:
• The purposes and effects of different types of language
• Cultural rules and conventions in communication
• How values, beliefs and assumptions are communicated
• How language use relates to its social, political and historical context
4.You have studied the terms between discourse, text and context. Now fulfill
the following task. Give your definitions of these very terms.
Text and discourse are two terms that are commonly used in linguistics,
literature, and language studies. There are many debates about the
interchangeability of these two terms. Some linguistics view text and discourse
analysis as the same process whereas some others use these two terms to define
different concepts. Text can refer to any written material that can be read.
Discourse is the use of language in a social context.
The main difference between text and discourse is that the text does not
specify an agent whereas the discourse specifies the agent of the information.
Thus, a text is necessarily non-interactive while discourse is necessarily
interactive.
A text includes some information, specifically in the written form or printed
form. Thus, it is noteworthy that the agent of a text is not crucial: there may or may
not be an agent. And the agent has no direct impact of the content to the reader. For
example, consider the text in a subject textbook, an essay, or a press release where
the information is merely reported with or without an agent or the speaker. The
information present in a text is usually non-interactive, or it does not contain an
indication of conversational speech. Thus, the reader only reads and becomes
aware of the facts presents. As defined by the Linguistic glossary terms, text is “a
sequence of paragraphs that represents an extended unit of speech.” Therefore, the
grammatical cohesion is a fundamental factor in a text.
A discourse is necessarily interactive, which means there is always an agent
to the information in discourse. In simple terms, discourse is often conversational
communications between people. Therefore, under linguistics and literary theory,
discourse is defined as “a social event of multi-layered communication in a variety
of media: verbal, textual, visual and audial, that has an interactive social purpose.”
5. Make a scheme that shows the main problem in the theory of discourse.
Include in your scheme linguistis (psycholinguists), who examined this
problem, their viewpoints and outcomes of their works.
Psycholinguistics (PL) is the study of the relationship between language and
the brain.
• Psycholinguists view the study of human language as inseparable part from the
study of the working of the brain.
• Psycholinguists examine the most crucial issues about the interaction between the
brain and language in relation to how language is acquired, processed and stored.
Psycholinguistics is the study of the mental aspects of language and speech.
It is primarily concerned with the ways in which language is represented and
processed in the brain. A branch of both linguistics and psychology,
psycholinguistics is part of the field of cognitive science. To investigate what
psycholinguistics examine and define the search for an understanding of how
humans. develop, perceive and produce a language. Psycholinguistics is adjoining
of psychology and linguistics. Being the research. object of psycholinguistics
speech is not only biological, but also a psychological factor and which
characterized the person. Psycholinguistics explores the mental mechanisms of
basic language processing (cognitive); how to comprehend words and. intend them
in the mind, how to understand a sentence, how to learn to read, how language and
writing systems influence. mental organizations.