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    The document provides an overview of ethics and morality. It discusses that ethics is a philosophical interpretation of moral phenomena that aims to achieve a systematic understanding of morality and what it requires of humans. Specifically, it examines why we ought to act morally and be ethical in how we live. It also outlines different approaches to normative ethics such as teleological and deontological views, as well as descriptive approaches like absolutism and relativism. The document suggests that the main reason we need morality is because we become fully human when we go beyond mere self-interest and give voice to the voiceless.

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    The document provides an overview of ethics and morality. It discusses that ethics is a philosophical interpretation of moral phenomena that aims to achieve a systematic understanding of morality and what it requires of humans. Specifically, it examines why we ought to act morally and be ethical in how we live. It also outlines different approaches to normative ethics such as teleological and deontological views, as well as descriptive approaches like absolutism and relativism. The document suggests that the main reason we need morality is because we become fully human when we go beyond mere self-interest and give voice to the voiceless.

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    17 views6 pages

    Lecture 2 Why Ethics, Why Morality

    Uploaded by

    Zergaia WP
    The document provides an overview of ethics and morality. It discusses that ethics is a philosophical interpretation of moral phenomena that aims to achieve a systematic understanding of morality and what it requires of humans. Specifically, it examines why we ought to act morally and be ethical in how we live. It also outlines different approaches to normative ethics such as teleological and deontological views, as well as descriptive approaches like absolutism and relativism. The document suggests that the main reason we need morality is because we become fully human when we go beyond mere self-interest and give voice to the voiceless.

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    of 6

    LECTURE 2

    Why Act Ethically?


    Why Act Morally?
    A.H. RENNESLAND

    ETHICS | INTENSIVE COURSE


    human actions?

    Ethics Morality CICERO:

    MORALIA
    ĒTHIKOS individual’s moral character Lt.
    Gk.

    Gk.
    ĒTHOS a habitual character Lt.

    individual’s development patterns or standards to behavior


    MOS, (MORIS)
    (mores, manners)
    “a rational or theoretical interpretation
    of moral phenomena” acceptable behavior; moral/amoral

    "ETHICS AS A PHILOSOPHY IS THE ATTEMPT TO ACHIEVE A SYSTEMATIC UNDERSTANDING OF


    THE NATURE OF MORALITY AND WHAT IT REQUIRES OF US—HOW WE OUGHT TO LIVE AND WHY."

    ETHICS | INTENSIVE COURSE

    Cicero
    fulfillment of being human

    GOOD WILL
    ACTION
    EFFECT BEING HUMAN
    DOES NOT MERELY
    CONSIST IN GROUP
    PARTICIPATION

    ETHICS | INTENSIVE COURSE


    Peter Singer

    Ethical justification
    THE GOLDEN RULE? Kong Zi (Confucius)
    Moses
    the Buddha
    Jesus
    Roman Stoics
    Thomas Aquinas
    Immanuel Kant's categorical imperative
    Utilitarianism - Jeremy Bentham, John Stuart Mill
    John Rawls’ veil of ignorance
    Jürgen Habermas’ ideal speech scenario
    "The universal aspect of ethics […] does provide
    a ground for at least starting with a broadly
    utilitarian position. If we are going to move
    beyond utilitarianism, we need to be given good
    reasons why we should do so."

    Why do we need to become moral?

    ETHICS | INTENSIVE COURSE


    (A) NORMATIVE
    (A.1) general normative ethics (A.1) investigates or prescribes norms
    (A.1.1) teleological (consequential) (A.1.1) /telos/ or goal (ends than means)
    (A.1.2) deontological (non-consequential) (A.1.2) /deon/ or duty
    (A.2) applied normative ethics (A.2) apply general normative principles

    ethics
    (B) DESCRIPTIVE
    (B.1) scientific or descriptive non-normative ethics (B.1) scientific/observably approach
    (B.1.1) absolutism (B.1.1) singular standard
    (B.1.2) relativism (B.1.2) multiple equally correct standard
    (B.2) meta-ethics (B.2) meanings or functions of moral
    judgements

    ETHICS | INTENSIVE COURSE


    If Eichmann merely followed the law, why is he held morally
    responsible for what took place in the concentration camps?

    the main reason we go beyond the ethical is precisely because we are human
    we become moral as we give voice to the voiceless, life to the lifeless

    ETHICS | INTENSIVE COURSE

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