Chapter 7

7.5 Design (included/added more than structural design content..)

7.5.1.2 Durability (added)
Table 7.1 expanded from former Table 7.2

//Table 7.2 – material resistance factors - no change

7.5.5 Refined methods of analysis for buried structures (new; 7.6 soil metal, 7.7 metal box, 7.8 RC pipe, boxes, three-sided)
7.5.6 Min height of cover (new Table 7.3) (in former 7.6.4.1 – cover soil metal only)

7.5.7.3 Engineered fill and table 7.4, new zone… ( all new)
! at 7.5.7.4, the Group I, II and III and Table 7.5 (new; )
Check with box culvert first.
Table 7.6 equal old table 7.5 etc..
7.5.7.5 new placement and compaction requirement/ new soil compaction requirement…

7.5.7.6 ~ 7.5.4.5 soil migration

- Added geotechnical investigation data report require to specify methods of soil migration and soil loss control etc..
New 7.5.7.7 Settlement etc with new settlement limit Table 7.7

7.5.7.7.2 camber -> former 7.5.4.3(simplified, camber for post-settlement invert slope that …)

7.5.7.8 foundation (expanded significantly from former 7.5.4.4)

Figure 7.3 and 7.4 new (clarified thrust load and etc. requirement )

Seismic generally no change..

7.5.9 min spacing is the same. …
7.5.10 cold regions (new)
7.5.11 transverse connections (new)
7.5.12 end design (new)

//7.6 soil interaction structure - similar to before..

7.6.3.4 longitudinal connection DC expanded.

7.7.3.1.5 FLS requirement added.

7.6.4 Foundation material treatment requirement for pipe arches. (like former 7.6.4.2 , but clarified the P requirement)

7.7 soil metal box (skipped)

7.8 RC structure - new 7.8.1 general and new term three sided buried structure

Table 7.10 updated – added three-sided structure and took out manholes/CBs
7.8.4.5.2 add req for standard trench and embankment installations-- shortened.

7.8.5 Load and load combinations ( expanded from former 7.8.4.1)

7.8.6 Earth pressure distribution from loads, (former 7.8.5)

7.8.6.2 (all for circular pipe… former 7.8.5.2 etc..)
7.8.7 Analysis (for the RC structure) add some wording (that was common sense.)
Updated Table 7.19 (former table 7.18) allowed rebar reduction for small non-structural culvert (are these within bridge code?)

Other often forgotten 7.8 box culvert design requirement

7.9 RC Arches (all new)

Chapter 8
8.4.1.1 added compliance to A23.4 (for PC)

8.4.1.2.2 added a reference (min 25 for Pre-tension in 8.7.2 [this is old])

8.4.1.2 , the f’c is 28 days

8.4.1.2.2

8.4.1.2.3 new average compressive strength (this is to fulfill shrinkage calculation)

8.4.1.5.2 NEW!! modulus of elasticity ( for concrete before 28 days )
8.4.1.6 shrinkage (continue per former 8.4.1.5)
8.4.1.6.2 Calculation of shrinkage strain ( equation changed…?? (what is Fcm-> f’c+8 = refer to 8.4.1.2.3; old f’c +a, a=10))]

8.4.1.7 Creep’s 8.4.1.7.2 – same strain concept

For Creep – a new adjusted time scale factor is introduced, which affect the creep coefficient...
8.4.1.7.3

8.4.1.7.4 Creep coefficient –equation changed, i.e. term f’c+a -> fcm, the rho and B are different, added the adjusted time scale factor.
8.4.2.1.1 no longer allow 300 Mpa etc and has to be W. no R grade.

8.4.2.2 Steel wires ( no CSA, shall be ASTM.)

8.4.3 Tendon ( no CSA< shall be ASTM; (the commentary is did not say why)
8.5.2.2 Cracking requirement expanded

8.5.4.2.4 Stress ( added 8.16.3.2 requirement; added function of fsf/fy

8.5.3.1 Rebar FLS requirement changed, and more comprehensive…

~fsf is not in the definition but embedded in 8.5.3.1 (should this be the sustained tensile force?)
8.5.3.2 Tendon FLS ( tablized.)

8.6 design consideration, 8.6.2 design, 8.6.2.2 Member Stiffness, (added condition to use linear-elastic method; no material difference)

8.6.2.3 Imposed deformations (the 60% assumption and equation gone! (not in commentary either); need actual precise analysis)
8.6.2.4 Redistribution of force effect (the limit for non-linear analysis removed)

Table 8.2 for tendon stress limits (changed)

Relaxation, shortening, etc not change…

8.8.4.6 PC concrete stress limitations ( SLS changed)

8.8.5.2 Method of analysis (new slender - second –order analysis requirement; old approximate evaluation removed) (An analysis that doesn't
account for P-Delta Effects is a first order analysis.)
8.8.5.5.3 Slender definition (new)

8.8.5.6 Max Pr clarified

8.9.1.2 Regions requiring transverse reinforcement (changed (solid slab require to check, and Vf condition relaxed; added statement on rational
analysis)// may be should add this in next book revision)

//8.9.3.7. Beta and theta. the beta graphics has issue, theta r not a function of sze any more…
8.9.3.9 regrouped ; longitudinal rebar in flexural tension zone (added reduction requirement in 8.9.3.9.1 and 8.9.3.9.2 from A23.3!!).
8.9.4.3 Two-way shear equation changed..
Figure 8.5 added to explain clause 8.10.6

8.11.1 rephrased.. (same meaning.._

A general statement for protective measures added.

8.11.2.2.2 to 8.11.2.5 reordered

Table 8.4 about the water cement ratio requirement missing? And not labeled.
Table 8.5 changed (cover and foot note… be careful—i.e . deck top is now 65 +5 or 10 or 0)
8.12.1 control of cracking applicability revised. (8.10 is the strut and tie, 8.18 is the deck..)
8.12.3 crack control reinforcement (completely different concept; based on zone and stress.. )

New clause recognize prestressing as crack control.

8.12.4 Crack control for beam sides (title changed, content the same except qualified so not for some prestress case)

8.12.5 Temporature steel control (changed)

?? shrinkage crack control no longer?

8.13 deformation (same content, changed arrangement)
8.14.7 Bundled bars (new;)

8.15.2.2 Ld ( equation corrected? for Ktr)

8.15.4 Ld for strand ( added SLS 12 condition instead)

8.15.5 Development of bundled bars (new)

8.16.3 pretensioning anchorage zone ( very different)

8.16.3.3 debonded strands (new)
8.18.1 Applicability (formerly in general)
8.18.2 (re arranged and added 8.18.2.2 on rebar arrangement – former in Figure 8.5/8.6)
8.18.3 Empirical design method (former 8.18.4; and changed 0 differentiated for load; and reordered etc.; also note up to CL800 truck )

f) is new but make sense g) is new but was basically at the former main paragraph)
Added a Requirements (clarify the overhang, composite system, diaphragm, edge stiffening; some in former 8.18.1 already)

8.18.3.3 CIP deck requirement ( same as 8.18.4.2~ except i.e. approved by owner)
8.18.3.4.2 partial depth PC panel (rearranged and added requirement, i.e. change - b) min 90mm, c) effective span per k) (not 150) , f) grouped (new rho limit (not e), strand space)

edge stiffening beam and 8.18.5 clarified to applies to partial PC too..

8.18.3.4.3 (topping requirement – Rho added, splice restriction added.)

8.18.3.5 Full depth precast panel (per former 8.18.4.4, but allowed passive (non post-tensioning))
8.18.4 Diaphragm ( same as former 8.18.5)
Edge stiffening, distribution rebar… same content but shifted location.

8.19 Composite construction

8.19.2 Flexure (differential shrinkage strain based on changed to 3 month instead of 100x10^-6)
//8.19.4 semi-continuous structure (same as before, but not in MH text book (M+ and M-)
8.20 Concrete girders (no change)
8.21 Multi-beam (no change)
8.22 segmental construction (no change?)
8.23 concrete pile (no change)