Chapter 2 Applications

Software: Getting
the Work Done
IT
 Objectives 3

Understand the applications software.

List the various methods of acquiring software.

List and briefly describe various types of task-oriented software.

Identify the kinds of software that are available for both large and small
businesses.

Discuss ethical issues associated with software.

Describe the functions of various computer professionals.

Applications Software 4

Software used to solve a particular

problem or perform a particular task
Acquiring Software: 5
Traditional Ways

Custom software

•Written by programmers hired by

organization.

Packaged (commercial)
software
•Purchased from a store, or Web site.
Custom Software 6

Can be extremely
It is tailored to an complex and take
organization’s needs. years to write.

Organization hires computer

programmers to design, write,
test, and implement software.

Return
Packaged Software 7

• Sometimes
Sold in stores, or
downloaded
Web sites
from the Internet.

Package contains
• Typically contains
one or more CDs or
software
DVDs holding the
software. documentation.

Designed to be user-
friendly.

Return
 Acquiring Software: 8
New Ways

Open-Source Public
Shareware Freeware
software Domain
Freeware 9

Author provides it free for all to

use
•Author retains copyright.
•May place restrictions on its use.
•May not be altered or
redistributed without permission.
Return
10
Public Domain 11

Software that is not copyrighted

• May be used and even altered without
permission.

Typically developed by universities

and/or research institutions using
government grants.

Return
 Open-Source Software 12

Other programmers can

Source code made
A variation of freeware modify and redistribute
available
the programs freely.
•Source code: readable
by humans.

Return
Shareware 13

Copyrighted software, freely

distributed for a trial period.

If you like it, register it for a fee

•Most authors add free documentation,

enhancements, support, and updates to
encourage people to register.

Return
Buying Commercial 14

Software

Individual copies Electronic

for each Site license software
computer distribution
Site License 15

Software installed on some or all computers,

depending on license terms
• Customer keeps track of how many users
• Number of users cannot exceed number of licenses
• Customer copies and distributes software and manuals
to users

Some organizations use network licenses

• Software installed on server

• License fee based on number of concurrent users
Return
Electronic Software 16
Distribution
Get software
• Typically freeware and
from the shareware
Internet

• Download software for trial

Typical period
scenario: • Software disables itself after trial
period unless you register (pay)
Return
Task-Oriented Software 17

Often called productivity software

Common categories
•Word processing/Desktop publishing
•Electronic spreadsheets
•Database management
•Graphics
•Communications
•Others
Working with Words 18

• Most widely used personal computer

software
Word Processing • Create memos, reports, papers
• Incorporate graphics into documents

• High-level publishing needs

Desktop Publishing • Newsletters
• Brochures, promotional materials

Return
Electronic Spreadsheets 19
Made up of rows
Perform “what if” Present data
and columns of
analysis graphically
numbers
• Change a cell • Show expenses
and have as a pie chart
spreadsheet
recalculate

Return
Database Management 20

Handles the management

of a collection of
interrelated facts
• Software can store, retrieve,
update, and manipulate data
• Can report data in many ways
and print

Turn large amounts of

data into information

Return
Graphics 21
Graphics software
Presentation graphics
creates graphs and
creates “slide show”
charts from numeric
presentations
data
• Combine high-quality
graphics, audio, and
video

Return
Communications 22

The ability to or cable and

connect the communicate
computer to with another
phone line computer.

Needs a
Typically
browser to
connected
access other
over the
locations on
Internet
the Internet

Return
Other Task Software 23

Personal
Information • Keep track of activities
• Typically include appointment calendar,
Managers address book, and task manager
(PIM)

• A group of basic applications that work

together
Office Suite • Easy to share data among applications
• Similar look among applications

Return
Business Software 24

Vertical Market software

Software for Workgroups

Small Business software

Vertical Market Software 25

Written for a particular type of

business.

Written by companies who have

a thorough knowledge of that
industry.
• Encompasses all of the business’s activities

Return
 Software for Workgroups 26
(Groupware)

Lets a group of people share

information together.
• Also called collaborative software
• Often combines electronic mail,
networking, scheduling, and
database technology.
• Data stored in one central
location. Return

Often used by organizations

with remote employees.
 Software for a Small 27

Business
Small Office/Home Office (SOHO)

•Moderately priced software to perform

functions aimed at small business.
•Examples:
•Accounting software
•Writing and advertising
•Customer service
•Keeping contacts
Return
Ethics and Application 28
Software

Piracy: the acquisition and use of illegal copies of

software.

Counterfeiting: copying large numbers of CD-ROMs

or DVD-ROMs and packaging them to look like the
real thing.

Unauthorized copying of software is stealing.

Software Piracy 29

Examples of piracy

• Copying software from a lab or from a

friend.
• Buying 2 or 3 copies of software and
distributing it to hundreds of
employees.
• Buying 1 copy of software and
installing it on several computers at
home.

Return
Computers and People 30

Most organizations have some sort of

information technology (IT) department (help
desk).

Made up of people who are

responsible for the organization’s
computer resources.

Maintain data and provide

services to end users.
Computer Professionals 31

Data entry operators: prepare data for

processing.

Computer operators: monitor systems, keep

peripherals running, and make backups.

Librarians catalog processed disks and

tapes.

Programmers: write, test, implement, and

maintain computer programs.
 Computer Professionals 32

Systems analysts: plan and design entire

systems
•Must have knowledge in programming, as well as
knowledge of the business.

Network managers: implement and

maintain organization’s network(s)

Chief Information Officer (CIO): a person

who makes strategic decisions.
 ‫‪33‬‬

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