Major Philosophy Branches

1- Metaphysics
The study of the universe is one of the themes of metaphysics.
It is the branch of philosophy responsible for the study of existence. It is the foundation of a
worldview. It answers the question"What is it?"It encompasses all that exists, as well as the nature of
existence itself. It says whether the world is real or simply an illusion. It is a fundamental vision of the
world around us.

Why is metaphysics important?

Metaphysics is the foundation of philosophy. Without an explanation or an interpretation of the world
around him, he would be helpless to deal with reality. You could not feed or act to preserve life.

The degree to which the metaphysical worldview is correct is the degree to which one is able to
understand the world and act accordingly. Without this firm foundation, all knowledge becomes
suspicious. Any defect in the vision of reality will make it more difficult to live.

What are the key elements of a rational metaphysics?

The reality is absolute. It has a specific nature independent of thoughts or feelings. The world is real.
It has a specific character and must be consistent with that nature. An appropriate metaphysical view
of the world must aim to understand reality correctly.

The physical world exists and each entity has a specific nature. Act according to that nature. When
different entities interact, they do so according to the nature of both. Every action has a cause and an
effect. Causality is the means by which change occurs, but change occurs through a specific nature.

Epistemology
Epistemology is the study of the method of acquiring knowledge. It answers the question:"How do we
know?"It covers the nature of concepts, construction of concepts, validity of the senses and logical
reasoning.

It also takes care of the thoughts, the ideas, the memories, the emotions and all the mental things. It
refers to how minds are related to reality and whether these relationships are valid or invalid.

Why is epistemology important?

Epistemology is the explanation of how one thinks. It is necessary to determine the true of the false
by determining an appropriate method of evaluation. It is necessary to use and gain knowledge of the
world around you.

Without epistemology, one could not think. More specifically, there would be no reason to believe that
thought is productive or correct, as opposed to random images flashing in the mind.

With an incorrect epistemology, one could not distinguish truth from error. The consequences are
obvious.

The degree to which epistemology is correct is the degree to which reality can be understood, and the
extent to which that knowledge could be used to promote lives and goals. Defects in epistemology will
make it harder to achieve anything.

What are the key elements of an adequate epistemology?

The senses are valid, and are the only way to get information about the world. Reason is the method
of acquiring knowledge and understanding. Logic is the method of maintaining consistency within the
set of knowledge.
Objectivity is the means of associating knowledge with reality to determine its validity. Concepts are
summaries of specific details of reality or other abstractions. An appropriate epistemology is a rational
epistemology.

3- Policy
Politics is ethics applied to a group of people.

Why is policy important?

Politics tells you how to establish a society and how to act within it.

What is a rational policy?

The requirement of a political system is that individuals within that system can function fully according
to their nature. If that is not the case, they will rebel, as in Tsarist Russia, or the system will eventually
collapse, as in Communist Russia.

Reason is the main means of survival of man. A human being can not survive in an environment
where reason is ineffective, and will prosper or starve to a degree in proportion to the efficacy of
reason. This means that the main objective of a political system must be the preservation and
habilitation of the faculty of reason.

The reason does not work under duress. A man may be forced to act at the point of a weapon, but he
can not be forced to think. Likewise, in an environment where good is right, reason can not function
because the fruits of rationality can not be enjoyed.

A moral political system must prohibit coercion. Or, put another way, a moral political system must
prohibit the initiation of force, since retaliation must be fair.

This means that there must be some way to prevent a person from killing, threatening or striking
another person. This is achieved by giving the government a monopoly on the force of reprisal and
with objective laws.

4- Ethics
Ethics is the branch of study that deals with what is the appropriate course of action for man. It
answers the question,"What shall I do?"It is the study of good and evil in human endeavor.

At a more fundamental level, it is the method by which values And these are followed Are you looking
for your own happiness, or is sacrificing a greater cause? Is that the basis of ethics based on the
Bible, the very nature of man himself, or neither?

Why is ethics important?

Ethics is a requirement for human life. It is the means of deciding a course of action. Without it,
actions would be random and aimless. There would be no way to work towards a goal because there
would be no way to choose between an unlimited number of goals. Even with an ethical standard,
you may be unable to pursue goals with the possibility of success.

To the extent that a rational ethical standard is adopted, goals and actions can be properly organized
to achieve the most important values. Any flaw in ethics will reduce your ability to succeed with your
efforts.

What are the key elements of an appropriate ethic?

An adequate foundation of ethics requires a standard of value to which all goals and actions can be
compared. This standard is life itself and the happiness that makes them habitable.

This is the ultimate standard of value, the goal that an ethical man must always aim for. It is achieved
by an examination of the nature of man, and the recognition of his peculiar needs.
A system of ethics must consist not only in emergency situations, but in the daily decisions that are
constantly made.

It must include relationships with others, and recognize their importance not only for physical survival,
but for well-being and happiness. It must be recognized that lives are an end in themselves and that
sacrifice is not only not necessary but also destructive.

5- Aesthetics

Aesthetics is the study of art, as well as the purpose behind it. Does art consist of music, literature
and painting? Or does it include a good engineering , Or a beautiful sunset?

These are the questions that point in the aesthetics. He also studies methods of evaluating art, and
allows art judgments. Is art in the eye of the beholder, anything that appeals to you falls under the
umbrella of art?, or has a specific nature? Does it meet a goal?

Aesthetics are sometimes considered to be part of a larger philosophical category called axiology.
Axiology is an area of philosophy that studies values and value judgments. If someone spends
millions on a single painting or says that a sculpture is priceless, he or she is making an axiological
judgment.

As in ethical decisions, aesthetics try to define the principles that make one thing valued over
another. In its essence, aesthetics asks what is valuable in life, what is valuable beyond mere survival
and, specifically, how art and beauty are defined.

Ideas about aesthetic value are really judgments about what art, beauty and good taste are. It is no
coincidence that the word"taste"refers to one of the five senses, because aesthetics is based on the
sensibility of the senses to make judgments and decisions about art and beauty.

Why is aesthetics important?

Art has existed throughout recorded human history. It is unique to humans because of the unique way
of thinking. Its importance is based on this nature, specifically, on man's ability to abstract. Art is a
little understood tool of man to bring meaning to the abstract concept.

Aesthetics is important because it delves into the reason why art has always existed, the burning
need of mankind through the centuries to see the world in a different and clear way.

In addition, it evaluates art by the level of human life, and if it fulfills the task of satisfying the
intellectual needs of man, or if it tends to damage or worsen those needs.

What are the key elements of an adequate aesthetic?

Art is a selective recreation of reality. Its purpose is to specify an abstraction to bring an idea or
emotion to the observer.

It is a selective recreation, with the selection process depending on the value judgments of the
creator. These value judgments can be observed and evaluated through the field of ethics.