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22 PB 4 Modal Sosial Dan Kelembagaan
22 PB 4 Modal Sosial Dan Kelembagaan
KELEMBAGAAN
SUMARDJO
KOMUNIKASI PEMBANGUNAN
2022
EXTENSION:
HUMAN EMPOWERMENT
DIGNITY INTI SOCIAL ENERGY
P
R
A
S
Y SOCIAL
A WELFARE
R
A
T
TRUST
CAPACITY/
NET WORKING INCOME
COMPETENCY
PARTICIPATIVE POWERED/AUTONOMOUS
HUMAN HEALTHY
INSTITUTION BASIC HUMAN NEEDS
RIGHT PERSONALITY
LOCAL WISDOM HUMAN DIGNITY
AUTONOMY
SOLIDARITY PARTNERSHIP
LEADERSHIP
INDIGENOUS/ LOCAL INTELECTUAL;
KNOWLEDGE BASE CAPITAL
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SOCIAL WELFARE
SOCIAL CAPITAL,
AUTONOMOUS
PARTICIPATIVE, SOLIDARITY,
INSTITUTION, PARTNERSHIP,
SOCIAL ENERGY, POWERED
HUMAN CAPITAL,
HUMAN DIGNITY,
FAIRNESS
JUSTICE
HUMAN CAPITAL
PARTICIPATORY COMM.
SOCIAL CAPITAL
• MUTUAL UNDERSTANDING
• MUTUAL AGREEMENT PREREQUISIT:
• COLLECTIVE ACTION • EQUETY
• HUMANISM
• NON DOMINATIVE
• PARTICIPATORY
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Social Capital
• mutual trust
• Reciprocity (Justice)
• Groups/ networking
• collective identity
• sense of shared future
• working together
• diversity
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Permasalahan
• Lemahnya investasi sosial
– Pendidikan bermuatan nilai
– Perencanaan kurang memberikan perhatian pada
pengembangan kapital sosial
• Indikator program pembangunan bias fisk dan ekonomi
• Belum disadarinya bahwa ada korelasi antara
masalah ekonomi dengan masalah sosial secara
timbal balik
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DIMENSIONS OF SOCIAL CAPITAL
The main dimensions are commonly seen as:
1.Trust (Coleman 1988; Collier 1998; Cox 1997; Kawachi et al.
1999a; Kilpatrick 2000; Leana and Van Buren III 1999; Lemmel
2001; Putnam 1993; Putnam et al. 1993; Snijders 1999; Welsh and
Pringle 2001)
2.Rules and norms governing social action (Coleman 1988; Collier
1998; Fukuyama 2001; Portes and Sensenbrenner 1993)
3.Types of social interaction (Collier 1998; Snijders 1999)
4.Network resources (ABS 2002; Kilpatrick 2000; Snijders 1999)
5.Other network characteristics (Burt 1997; Hawe and Shielle 2000;
Kilpatrick 2000; Putnam 1995)
• Other authors have identified different groups of dimensions, for
example Liu and Besser (2003) identified four dimensions of
social capital: informal social ties, formal social ties, trust,
and norms of collective action.
Diunduh dari: http://www.socialcapitalresearch.com/definition.html ……….4/1/2013
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Ciri-’anti’ budaya masyarakat
Indonesia?
• Malas
• Corrupt
• Bohong
• Boros
Benarkah ?
Lalu bagaimana sebaiknya ?
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Modal sosial bisa berujud
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MODAL SOSIAL
TIPE
WUJUD
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TIPE MODAL SOSIAL
1. SOCIAL BOUNDING (perakat sosial yang menghasilkan social
order atau keteraturan dlm suatu sistem kemasyarakatan)
• Nilai (rasa : kebersamaan, empati, kewajiban, saling dipercaya,
resiprositas, solidaritas, pengakuan timbal balik dsb)
• Kultur (kejelasan sanksi formal/ non formal dsb)
• Persepsi
• Tradisi atau adat istiadat (custom)
2. SOCIAL BRIDGING (jembatan sosial merupakan ikatan sosial yg
timbul sbg reaksi atas berbagai macam karakteristik kelompok)
• nilai
• Institusi
• Mekanisme (keterlibatan umum sbg warga negara/civic engagement,
asosiasi dan jaringan)
Pelumas sosial yg memperlancar roda-roda penghambat jalannya modal
sosial dalam sebuah komunitas
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Social Cohesion: The Integration of Horizontal,
Vertical, and Bridging Social Capital (modif Sumardjo 2010 )
STATE
High soc cohesion, low conflict
•Inclusion
V
E •Rule of law, democratic state
R
T
•Access and equity of opportunity
I •Efficient, non-corrupt bureaucracy
C
•Open society
INDIVIDUAL A
L
HORIZONTAL SOCIAL CAPITAL
S
Civil Society COMMUNITIES
O
Bonding (Khinship, ethnic ties) C
Bridging (cross-cutting ties)
•Close society
MARKETS
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FUNGSI DAN PERAN MODAL SOSIAL
1. Membentuk solidaritas sosial masyarakat dg pilar kesukarelaan (ada
resiprositas)
2. Membangun partisipasi masyarakat
3. Penyeimbang hubungan sosial dalam masyarakat
4. Sebagai pilar demokrasi
5. Agar masyarakat mempunyai bargaining position dengan penguasa
6. Membangkitkan keswadayaan dan keswasembadaan ekonomi
7. Sebagai bagian dari mekanisme manajemen konflik
8. Mengatasi masalah konflik sosial dalam masyarakat
9. Memelihara dan membangun integrasi sosial dlm masyarakat yang rawan
konflik
10. Memulihkan masyarakat akibat konflik guna menciptakan proses
rekonsiliasi pasca konflik
11. Mencegah disintegrasi sosial akibat potensi konflik yg tidak terkelola
secara optimal
12. Menghasilkan trust, norma pertukaran dan civic engagement sehingga
berfungsi sebagai perekat sosial dan mencegah konflik kekerasan
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BAHAN DISKUSI
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THE THREE DIMENSIONS OF SOCIAL
CAPITAL
the three dimensions of social capital and its relation with social performance: relational capital involves interpersonal networking,
organizational capital involves the quality and effectivenes of organizations and ecosystems to deliver value and institutional
capital refers to the rules of the game -rule of law, protection of contracts, customers and markets-. As organizational capital,
both Groupon and Facebook have serious shortcomings that customers and now stockholders are starting to recognize -and price-
. As institutions, both have dangerously loose rules and regulations.
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Seven Social Sins (M Gandhi)
7 dosa sosial
• Politics without principle
• Wealth without work (kemakmuran tanpa
kerja)
• Commerce without morality
• Education without character
• Pleasure without concience (kesenangan tanpa
kesadaran)
• Science without humanity
• Worship without sacrifice (pengabdian tanpa
pengorbanan)
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