DEMONSTRATION 2

Plane wave at the media boundary

Mateusz Krysicki
 TUTOR
Mateusz Krysicki
Mateusz.Krysicki@pw.edu.pl
Room: 543
 PLANE WAVE AT THE MEDIA BOUNDARY
In the previous demo, plane wave propagation in homogeneous, linear, and
isotropic medium has been discussed. A plane wave incident at the two (and
more) homogeneous media boundary will be considered in this paragraph.
 𝒏 – unit vector

THEORY: BOUNDARY CONDITIONS

normal to the surface
t = tangential 1 2

՜ Normal electric induction is continuous across the boundary if no charges are stored:
𝑛
𝒏 𝑫𝟐 − 𝑫𝟏 = 𝝆𝒔 𝑫𝟐𝒏 − 𝑫𝟏𝒏 = 𝝆𝒔
՜ ՜
𝑬𝟏 𝑬𝟐 Normal magnetic induction is continuous across the boundary since no magnetic charges are feasible:
՜ ՜
𝑯𝟏 𝑯𝟐
𝒏 𝑩𝟐 − 𝑩𝟏 = 𝟎 𝑩𝟏𝒏 = 𝑩𝟐𝒏
՜ Tangential electric field is continuous across the boundary:
𝑬 𝟏𝒕
՜ 𝒏 × 𝑬𝟐 − 𝑬𝟏 = 𝟎 𝑬𝟏𝒕 = 𝑬𝟐𝒕
𝑬 𝟏𝒏
Tangential magnetic field is continuous across the boundary if no surface current is induced:

e1, m1, s1 e2, m2, s2 𝒏 × 𝑯𝟐 − 𝑯𝟏4 = 𝑱Ԧ𝒔 𝑯𝟐𝒕 − 𝑯𝟏𝒕 = 𝑱𝒔

 PLANE WAVE – NORMAL INCIDENCE
1 2
՜ +
𝑛 𝑬𝟏 = 𝒊Ԧ𝒙 𝑬𝟎 𝒆𝒋 𝝎𝒕−𝜷𝟏 𝒛 incident wave

+ −
𝑬𝟏 𝑬𝟏 = 𝚪Ԧ𝒊𝒙 𝑬𝟎 𝒆𝒋 𝝎𝒕+𝜷𝟏 𝒛 reflected wave
𝒊𝒏𝒄𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒕 +
𝒘𝒂𝒗𝒆 𝑬𝟐 +
𝑬𝟐 = 𝟏 + 𝚪 𝒊Ԧ𝒙 𝑬𝟎 𝒆𝒋 𝝎𝒕−𝜷𝟐 𝒛
transmitted wave
− 𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒔𝒎𝒊𝒕𝒕𝒆𝒅
𝑬𝟏 𝒘𝒂𝒗𝒆
𝒓𝒆𝒇𝒍𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒆𝒅 Reflection coefficient G is the ratio of the reflected
𝒘𝒂𝒗𝒆
wave amplitude to the incident one. At the boundary:
z
−
e1, m1, s1 e2, m2, s2 𝑬𝟏 𝒛=𝟎 𝒁𝒘𝟐 − 𝒁𝒘𝟏
𝚪= + =
𝒁𝒘𝟏 =
𝝁𝟏
𝒁𝒘𝟐 =
𝝁𝟐
𝑬𝟏 𝒛=𝟎 𝒁𝒘𝟐 + 𝒁𝒘𝟏
𝜺𝟏 𝜺𝟐
 VERIFICATION
f = 5GHz (wireless communication frequency)

The wave propagates in air, incidents on a concrete wall and further

propagates in this medium. The reflection coefficient, SWR, reflected and
transmitted power will be
determined. Theoretical calculations will be compared with the simulation
results.
 VERIFICATION
We will consider TEM wave
propagation in a homogeneously
filled parallel-plate waveguide as
a proper equivalent of TEM wave
propagation in an unbounded
region.

Parallel-plate line model consists of:

• Rectangular dielectric slab
• Perfect electric conductor (PEC) at the top and
the bottom of the slab
• Perfect magnetic conductor (PMC) at the
lateral walls of the slab
 SUMMARY
The fields’ envelopes of a plane wave, incident on different media boundary
was demonstrated. It is recommended to investigate the EM fields’ envelopes
in case when a plane wave propagates from a medium of lower impedance
and a plane wave incidents perpendicularly on a lossy dielectric.
 PLANE WAVE AT
1 2
THE THREE
3
MEDIA LAYERED STRUCTURE
՜
𝑛
𝒁𝒘𝟑 − 𝒁𝒘𝟐
+ + 𝚪𝟐𝟑 =
𝑬𝟏 𝑬𝟐 𝒁𝒘𝟑 + 𝒁𝒘𝟐
+
𝑬𝟑
− −
𝑬𝟏 𝑬𝟐 𝒁𝒘𝟐 𝒊𝒏 − 𝒁𝒘𝟏
𝚪𝟏𝟐 =
𝒁𝒘𝟐 𝒊𝒏 + 𝒁𝒘𝟏
z=-d z=0 z
e1, m1, s1 e2, m2, s2 e3, m3, s3

Plane wave incident on three media boundary is the most 𝒁𝒘𝟑 + 𝒋𝒁𝒘𝟐 𝒕𝒂𝒏(𝜷𝟐 𝒅)
interesting and complex case. The definitions of matching, 𝒁𝒘𝟐 𝒊𝒏 𝒛 = −𝒅 = 𝒁𝒘𝟐
quarter wavelength transformer and half wavelength
transformer will be introduced and explained.
𝒁𝒘𝟐 + 𝒋𝒁𝒘𝟑 𝒕𝒂𝒏(𝜷𝟐 𝒅)
 𝒅
HALF-WAVE TRANSFORMER
𝝀𝟐
𝒅=
𝟐

𝟐𝝅 𝝀𝟐
𝜷𝟐 𝒅 = =𝝅
𝝀𝟐 𝟐

𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝜷𝟐 𝒅 = 𝟎

𝒁𝒘𝟑 + 𝒋𝒁𝒘𝟐 𝒕𝒂𝒏(𝜷𝟐 𝒅) 𝒁𝒘𝟑 − 𝒁𝒘𝟏

𝒁𝒘𝟐 𝒕𝒓 = 𝒁𝒘𝟐 = 𝒁𝒘𝟑 𝚪𝟏𝟐 =
𝒁𝒘𝟐 + 𝒋𝒁𝒘𝟑 𝒕𝒂𝒏(𝜷𝟐 𝒅) 𝒁𝒘𝟑 + 𝒁𝒘𝟏

A half-wave plate is transparent for EM wave!

 QUARTER-WAVE
𝒅
TRANSFORMER
𝝀𝟐
𝒅=
𝟒

𝟐𝝅 𝝀𝟐 𝝅
𝜷𝟐 𝒅 = =
𝝀𝟐 𝟒 𝟐

𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝜷𝟐 𝒅 = ∞

𝒁𝒘𝟐 = 𝒁𝒘𝟏 𝒁𝒘𝟑

𝒁𝒘𝟑 + 𝒋𝒁𝒘𝟐 𝒕𝒂𝒏(𝜷𝟐 𝒅) 𝒁𝒘𝟐 𝟐
𝒁𝒇𝟐 𝒕𝒓 = 𝒁𝒘𝟐 = 𝚪𝟏𝟐 = 𝟎 ‼‼
𝒁𝒘𝟐 + 𝒋𝒁𝒘𝟑 𝒕𝒂𝒏(𝜷𝟐 𝒅) 𝒁𝒘𝟑

A quarter-wave plate inverts the impedance!

 VERIFICATION
Objectives
1) Analysis of the fields’ envelopes for three media layered structure.
2) The design of impedance matching in three media layered structure.