STRUCTURAL DETAILING

OF STEEL CONNECTION AND

DESIGN FOR CONSTRUCTION
 Course Outline
• BASIC PRINCIPLES OF STEEL STRUCTURES AND LOADINGS

• PROPERTIES AND SPECIFICATION OF MATERIALS FOR JOINT

CONNECTION

• STRUCTURAL STEEL DESIGN CODE AND PROVISIONS

DISCUSSIONS

• DETAILED STRUCTURAL DETAILING STEEL JOINT CONNECTION

DESIGN USING RAM CONNECTION (NSCP 2015) LRFD METHOD

✓ BEAM TO GIRDER SHEAR CONNECTION DESIGN

✓ BEAM TO COLUMN SHEAR CONNECTION DESIGN
✓ BEAM TO COLUMN MOMENT CONNECTION DESIGN
✓ BRACE CONNECTION DESIGN
✓ BASE PLATE DESIGN
✓ BEAM SPLICE DESIGN
✓ COLUMN SPLICE DESIGN

• DRAWING AND MATERIAL TAKEOFF GENERATION USING

STEEL AUTODRAFTER
✓ PREPARING FLOOR FRAMING PLANS
✓ PREPARING ELEVATIONS AND SECTIONS
10 Benefits of using
steel in construction
Steel
Benefits of using steel in construction
Steel:
1.Is reusable and endlessly recyclable.
2.Contains at least 25% recycled steel.
3.Enables energy efficiency in buildings and construction
projects.
4.Strong, requiring fewer beams and providing more usable
open space.
5. Light, requiring reduced foundations.
*The unit weight of steel is 7850 kg/m3 or 7.85 g/cm3 or 78.5 KN/m3 or 489.84 lb/ft3.
Benefits of using steel in construction
Steel:
6. Less material implies resource saving and a lesser
impact on the environment.
7. Flexible in combination with other materials.
8.Earthquake resistant/resilient due to steel’s ductility.
9. Fast on-site build for prefabricated buildings.
10. Durable.
ADVANTAGES OVER CONCRETE
STRUCTURAL STEEL HAS UNIQUE AND
DISTINCT ADVANTAGES OVER
OTHER BUILDING MATERIALS

Structural steel supports

creative and innovative
design with a wide range of
shapes and sizes, curved and
tapered profiles and a
multitude of finishing and
coating options.
ADVANTAGES OVER CONCRETE

Accelerated schedule

Formwork is not required and there is typically

minimal to no shoring necessary for structural
steel-framed projects.

Structural steel can also be erected in nearly all

weather conditions and is not limited to
assembly within a specific temperature range.
ADVANTAGES OVER CONCRETE
Increased usable floor space

Structural steel allows for long spans and

open, column-free spaces and is recognized
for its high strength-to-weight ratio.
Compared to concrete, structural steel is a
much lighter material for supporting the
same load requirements.
ADVANTAGES OVER CONCRETE

Future modification and

adaptability

Structural steel framing systems are

designed and built with a kit-of-parts-
type assembly.
ADVANTAGES OVER CONCRETE
Reduced waste and pollution

Simply put, waste and

environmental impacts are
minimized when a steel frame is
used.
ADVANTAGES OVER CONCRETE
Long-lasting and durable

Stiffness, strength in both tension and

compression and the ability to bend without
cracking or breaking

Structural steel has the greatest ability to

maintain strength and integrity during seismic
events
WHY STEEL
STRUCTURE ARE
UNCOMMON IN
RESIDENTIAL?
 WHY STEEL STRUCTURE ARE
UNCOMMON IN RESIDENTIAL?
• lack of experience and education on steel framing
• lack of actual steel-frame trade skills.
• require a material-specific skillset to effect proper
engineering and construction methods to realize the
benefits of structural steel
 STEEL
STRUCTURES
STEEL STRUCTURES

The Eiffel Tower

• finished in 1889

• one of most recognizable steel structures

• most striking cultural symbol of France

STEEL STRUCTURES

Empire State Building

• world’s tallest building for 40 years

• first building with more than 100 floors

• steel frame construction

STEEL STRUCTURES

Burj Khalifa
• currently holding record for world’s
tallest building

• uses proportionately half the steel

used in Empire State Building
STEEL STRUCTURES

Capital Gate
• certified as “world’s farthest leaning
man-made tower”

• one of Abu Dhabi’s most famous

landmarks
STEEL STRUCTURES

Beijing National Stadium

• consists of 9,000 seats used for 2008

Summer Olympics and Paralympics

• famous for its largest steel structure in

the world
STEEL STRUCTURES

San Sebastian Church

• only all-steel church or basilica in

Asia

• only prefabricated steel church in

the world
STEEL STRUCTURES

Sydney Harbor Bridge

• tallest steel bridge in the world

• officially opened on March 19, 1932

• labor force of over 1,400 men

STEEL STRUCTURES
Golden Gate Bridge
• longest suspension bridge span in the
world when it was completed

• famous red-orange color of bridge to

make it visible through thick fog
STEEL STRUCTURES
Chaotianmen Bridge
• road-rail bridge over Yangtze River

• world's longest arch bridge

• main span of 552 meters

• total length of 1,741 meters

STEEL STRUCTURES
Akashi-Kaikyo Bridge
• longest suspension bridge at 1,991
meters

• central span was originally only 1,990

meter but Kobe earthquake moved the
two towers so it had to be increased by
1 meter
 INTRODUCTION TO STEEL
STRUCTURES DESIGN PRINCIPLES
GLOBAL AXIS VS LOCAL
AXIS
GLOBAL AXIS / G-AXIS / G /
LOCAL AXIS

X- PARALLEL TO THE BODY

Y- PARALLEL TO THE LONGEST DEPTH(WEB)
Z- PERPENDICULAR TO THE WEB (Y)
NODE
FORCES & MOMENTS

FORCES FORCES
Fy MAJOR SHEAR
Fz AXIAL FORCE ( T OR C)
Fx MINOR SHEAR

MOMENTS MOMENTS
My Torsional Bending
Mz/Mu Minor bending
Mx Major Bending
FORCES & MOMENTS

FORCES
Fy-MAJOR SHEAR
Fz-MINOR SHEAR
Fx-AXIAL FORCE ( T OR C)

MOMENTS
My-Minor bending
Mz-Mu-Major Bending
Mx-Torsional Bending
STRUCTURAL LOADING
Structural Loadings
Engineers says that, “The most important and most
critical task of an engineer is the determination of
the loads that can be applied to a structure
during its life, and the worst possible combination
of these loads that might occur simultaneously. “

33
VERTICAL LOADS
Dead Loads
Dead loads are permanent or stationary loads which are
transferred to structure throughout the life span.

Dead load is primarily due to self-weight of structural

members, permanent partition walls, fixed permanent
equipment and weight of different materials.

It majorly consists of the weight of roofs, beams, walls and

column etc. which are otherwise the permanent parts of the
building.

34
VERTICAL LOADS
Live Loads
Live loads are either movable or moving loads without
any acceleration or impact.

These loads are assumed to be produced by the

intended use or occupancy of the building including
weights of movable partitions or furniture etc.

Live loads keep on changing from time to time. These

loads are to be suitably assumed by the designer. It is
one of the major loads in the design.

35
LATERAL LOADS
Wind Loads
Wind load is primarily horizontal load caused by the
movement of air relative to earth.

For low rise building say up to four to five stories, the

wind load is not critical because the moment of
resistance provided by the continuity of floor system
to column connection and walls provided between
columns are sufficient to accommodate the effect
of these forces.

36
LATERAL LOADS
Seismic Loads
Earthquake forces constitute to both vertical and
horizontal forces on the building.

The total vibration caused by earthquake may be

resolved into three mutually perpendicular directions,
usually taken as vertical and two horizontal directions.

The movement in vertical direction do not cause

forces in superstructure to any significant extent. But
the horizontal movement of the building at the time of
earthquake is to be considered while designing.

37
Structural Loadings

38
PURLINS DESIGN

DEAD LOAD
-SELF WEIGHT
-ROOFING SHEET=0.05KN/M^2
-INSULATION SHEET=0.05 KN/M^2

LIVE LOAD
-ROOF LIVE LOAD=0.6 KN/M^2

WL1-direct pressure
WL2-uplift pressure
FAILURES IN STEEL
Failure of Steel Structures;

bending about the “strong” or major

axis
Failure of Steel Structures;

bending about the

“weak” or minor axis
Failure of Steel Structures;

torsion or twisting about the

longitudinal axis of a member
Failure of Steel Structures;

web
buckling/crippling
Failure of Steel Structures;

flange buckling
Failure of Steel Structures;

tension failure
Failure of Steel Structures;

shear failure of bolts

Failure of Steel Structures;

steel rupture connection failure

 PROPERTIES AND
SPECIFICATION OF
MATERIALS FOR
JOINT CONNECTION
What is
STEEL?
STEEL
• an alloy of iron and carbon that is widely used in construction and other
applications because of its hardness and tensile strength

• used in building and bridge construction from middle of 18th century up to

present

• has improved in both material properties and in methods and types of application

• where ratio of strength to weight (or strength per unit weight) must be kept high,
steel offers feasible options
Manufacture of Steel;
Manufacture of Steel;

A “billet” is a length of metal that has a round or square cross-section, with an area less
than 36 in2 (230 cm2). Billets are created directly via continuous casting or extrusion or
indirectly via hot rolling an ingot or bloom.
Properties of Steel;
• Tensile Strength;
ability of material to pull something

▪ yield strength
o stress a material can withstand without
permanent deformation

▪ ultimate strength
o maximum stress a material can withstand

▪ breaking strength
o stress at point of rupture
 Yield Point and Ultimate Strength
Ultimate
TYPE ASTM Designation Yield Point, (MPa)
Strength, (MPa)

Carbon A36 250 400-550

A242 275 415
High Strength
A440 290 435
Low Alloy
A441 315/345 460/485
Grade 42 290 415
Grade 45 310 415
Grade 50 345 450
High Strength A572
Grade 55 380 485
Grade 60 415 520
Grade 65 450 550
Grade 42 290 435
High Strength
A588 Grade 46 315 460
Low Alloy
Grade 50 345 485
Advantages of Steel as a Structural
Material;
• Ductility;
➢ can undergo large plastic deformation before
failure
➢ can resist shock loading such as blasts or
earthquakes
➢ has energy–absorbing capacity and will not incur
sudden failure
➢ shows large visible deflections before failure or
collapse
Properties of Steel;

o Ductility;
o ability to deform under
tensile stress
o characterized by the
material's ability to be
stretched into a wire
Properties of Steel;
• Malleability;
➢ ability to deform under
compressive stress
➢ characterized by the material's
ability to form a thin sheet by
hammering or rolling

• Durability;
➢ capable of withstanding wear
and tear or decay
Properties of Steel;
o Toughness;
o ability to absorb energy
and plastically deform
without fracturing
Advantages of Steel as a Structural Material;
• High strength/weight ratio;
➢ has a high strength/weight ratio
➢ dead weight of steel structures is relatively small
➢ makes steel a very attractive structural material for;
Advantages of Steel as a
Structural Material;
➢ Predictable material properties;
➢ Speed of erection;
➢ Quality of construction;
➢ Ease of repair
Advantages of Steel as a Structural
Material;
• Adaptation of prefabrication;
• Repetitive use;
• Expanding existing structures
• Fatigue strength;
• Uniformity
Disadvantages of Steel as a
Structural Material;
• General cost;
• Fireproofing;
• Maintenance;
• Susceptibility to buckling;
Types of Structural Steel Sections;

Structural • Hot-Rolled Sections

Steel Sections • Cold Formed Sections
• Built-Up Sections
 Hot–Rolled Shapes;

• a mill process which involves rolling the steel

at a high temperature (typically at a
temperature over 1700° F), which is above
the steel’s recrystallization temperature

• when steel is above the recrystallization

temperature, it can be shaped and formed
easily, and the steel can be made in much
larger sizes

• is typically cheaper than cold rolled steel

due to the fact that it is often manufactured
without any delays in the process
Hot–Rolled Shapes;
ASTM DESIGNATIONS (American
Society for Testing and Materials)

68
ASTM DESIGNATIONS

69
ASTM DESIGNATIONS

70
Cold Formed Sections;
• common term for products made by rolling or pressing steel into semi-finished or finished goods at
relatively low temperatures

• created by the working of steel billet, bar, or sheet using stamping, rolling (including roll forming), or
presses to deform it into a usable product
Built-Up Sections;
• sections comprised of other smaller
members; could be plates welded
together to form an I-shape or angles
bolted back to back to make a double
angle shape

• the issue ,one must consider with built-up

shapes is that the welding or punching for
bolt holes creates a significant residual
stresses in the member, weakening its
capacity

• used when span, load and corresponding

bending moment are of such magnitudes
that rolled steel beam section becomes
inadequate to provide required section
modulus
Residual Stresses;
• stresses that remain in a solid material after
original cause of stresses has been removed

• the result of one region of metal being

constrained from expanding or contracting by
adjacent regions

• arise due to thermal treatment or mechanical

treatment as an elastic response of material to
a non-uniform distribution of plastic strain, e.g.
permanent deformation
MATERIAL (NSCP-594)

74
LOCAL BUCKLING
OF COMPRESSION
MEMBERS
 Global Buckling;
➢ buckling is characterized by a sudden failure
of a structural member subjected to high
compressive stress that the material is
capableof
➢ when load is constantly being applied, it will
ultimately become large enough to cause the
membertobecomeunstable
➢ further load will cause significant and
somewhat unpredictable deformations,
possibly leading to complete loss of load-
carryingcapacity
 Local Buckling;
➢ cross sections of steel shapes tend to consist of an
assemblyofthinplates
➢ when cross section of steel shape is subjected to
large compressive stresses, the thin plates making
the cross section may buckle before the full
strength of the member is attained if the thin
platesaretooslender
➢ when a cross sectional element fails in buckling,
thenthemembercapacityisreached
➢ consequently, local buckling becomes a limit state
for the strength of steel shapes subjected to
compressivestress
Local Buckling;
Local Buckling;
➢ two types of elements must be
considered:unstiffenedelements,which
areunsupportedalongoneedgeparallel
to the direction of load, and stiffened
elements, which are supported along
bothedges
➢ cross-sectional shapes are classified as
compact, non compact, or slender,
according to the values of the width-
thicknessratios
➢ the strength must be reduced if the
shapehasanyslenderelements
Local Buckling;

stiffened elements unstiffened elements

Local Buckling;
➢ compact
• sectiondevelopsitsfullplasticstressbeforebuckling
“(failureisduetoyieldingonly)”
➢ non–compact
• yield stress is reached in some but not all of its compression elements before
bucklingtakesplace
“(failureisduetopartialbuckling,partialyielding)”
➢ slender
• yieldstressisneverreachedinanyofthecompressionelements
“(failureisduetolocalbucklingonly)”
COLUMN BASE
PLATE
Column Base Plates;
➢ steel column base plates are one of the most fundamental parts of a
steel structure, yet the design of base plates is commonly not given the
attention that it shouldby engineers
➢ this resultsin base plate detailsthat are expensive,difficultto fabricate
➢ base platesserve two basic functions:
• they transfercolumn loadsto the supporting memberor foundation
• allow the column to stand as a temporary vertical cantilever after the
lifting line is releasedwithout having to guy off the column
ColumnBase Plates;
 Column Base Plates;
➢ ConcentricallyLoadedColumnBasePlates;
• columns are usually supported on concrete
supportssuchasfootingsorpiers
• since steel of the column is a higher-strength
material than concrete, the column load must be
spreadoutoverthesupport
• accomplished by the use of a rolled-steel base
plate, which are either square or rectangular in
shape
• must be large enough to keep the actual bearing
pressure under the plate below an allowable
bearingpressure
ColumnBasePlates;

➢ forplatecoveringfullareaofconcretesupport;
Fp = 0.35f’c
➢ forplatecoveringlessthanthefullareaofconcretesupport;

A2
Fp = 0.35f’c  0.70f’c
A1
A1(reqd)
B =
Δ = 0.5(0.95d–0.80bf ) N
N−0.95d
N = A1 reqd +  m =
2
B−0.80bf
n =
2
ColumnBasePlates;

➢ forsmallplatesthataremoreheavilyloaded;

dbf
n’ =
4
4fpdbf
q =  1.0
(d+bf)2 Fp

(2)(1− 1−q)
λ =  1.0
q
ColumnBasePlates;
• if λ < 1.0 or q < 0.64, thedesignforlightlyloadedbaseplategoverns
• if q > 0.64, λ = 1.0

fp
tp = 2λn’
Fy

fp
tp = 2c
Fy
 FASTENERS
AND WELDS
FOR
STRUCTURAL
Connections are an intimate part of a steel structure
and their proper treatment is essential
for a safe and economic structure.

An intuitive knowledge of how a system will transmit

loads(the art of load paths), and an understanding of
structural mechanics (the science of equilibrium and
limit states), are necessary to achieve connections
which are both safe and economic.
BOLT,WASHERS AND NUTS

91
There are two common ways to connect
structural steel members
• BOLTS
• WELDS
Rivets
• Connections are an intimate part of a steel structure
and their proper treatment is essential
• for a safe and economic structure.
BOLTED CONNECTIONS
• There are two kinds of bolts used in steel
construction.

HIGH-STRENGTH STRUCTURAL BOLTS COMMON BOLTS MANUFACTURED UNDER ASTM A307

Types of Welds
The main types of welds used for structural steel are
fillet, groove, plug, and slot. The most commonly
used weld is the fillet. For light loads, it is the most
economical, because little preparation of material
is required.
Types of Welds
1. Tack welds may be used for assembly or shipping. They
are not assigned any stress carrying capacity in the final
structure. In some cases, these welds must be removed
after final assembly or erection.
2. Fillet welds have the general shape of an isosceles right
triangle. The size of the weld is given by the length of leg.
The strength is determined by the throat thickness, the
shortest distance from the root (intersection of legs) to the
face of the weld. If the two legs are unequal, the nominal
size of the weld is given by the shorter of the legs. If welds
are concave, the throat is diminished accordingly, and so
is the strength.
Fillet welds are used to join two surfaces approximately at right angles to each other. The joints may be lap
(Fig. 1.7) or tee or corner (Fig. 1.8). Fillet welds also may be used with groove welds to reinforce corner
joints. In a skewed tee joint, the included angle of weld deposit may vary up to 30° from the perpendicular,
and one corner of the edge to be connected may be raised, up to in. If the separation is greater than in, the
weld leg must be increased by the amount of the root opening. A further discussion of this is continued in
Sec. 1.3.7.
3. Groove welds are
made in a groove
between the edges of
two parts to be joined.
These welds generally
are used to connect
two plates lying in the
same plane (butt
joint), but they also
may be used for tee
and corner joints.
Groove welds should extend the full
width of the parts joined. Intermittent
groove welds and butt joints not fully
welded throughout the cross section are
prohibited. Groove welds also are
classified as complete-penetration and
partial-penetration welds.
4. Partial-joint-penetration welds
should be used when forces to be
transferred are less than those
requiring a complete-joint-
penetration weld.
5. Plug and slot welds are used to
transmit shear in lap joints and to
prevent buckling of lapped parts. In
buildings, they also may be used to
join components of built-up members.
STRUCTURAL STEEL
DESIGN CODE AND
PROVISIONS
DISCUSSIONS
 STEEL DESIGN
Chapter 5 (555)
NSCP 2015 (ASD & LRFD)
SECTION 502:DESIGN
REQUIREMENTS (596)

105
 SECTION 502:DESIGN
REQUIREMENTS (596) LRFD

106
 SECTION 502:DESIGN
REQUIREMENTS (596) ASD

107
 SECTION
502:ALTERNATE
BASIC LOAD
COMBINATION

108
 SECTION
502:SPECIAL
SEISMIC LOAD
COMBINATION

109
SECTION 502:DESGIN BASIS
(596)

110
Design Philosophies
▪ Allowable strength design (ASD) - a member is selected based on
either area or moment of inertia that are large enough to prevent
the maximum load from exceeding an allowable value.
▪ Plastic design - based on a consideration of failure conditions rather
than working load conditions. A member is selected base on the
criterion that the structure will fail at a load substantially higher than
the working or service load.
▪ Load and resistance factor design (LRFD) – Similar to plastic design
were factored loads are applied. In addition, the theoretical
strength of the member is reduced by the application of a
resistance factor.
NSCP 2015– 502.3.3
Design for Strength Using Load and
Resistance Factor Design (LRFD)
Design shall be performed in accordance with Equation 502.3-1:

(502.3-1)
NSCP 2015 – 203.3.1 Load
Combinations for LRFD
NSCP 2015 – 502.3.4
Design for Strength Using
Allowable Strength Design (ASD)
Design shall be performed in accordance with Equation 502.3-2:

(502.3-2)
NSCP 2015 – 203.4.1 Load
Combinations for ASD
116
Tension Members;
• structural members subjected to axial tensile force;
Tension Members;
• structural members
subjected to axial tensile
force;
▪ truss members
Tension Members;
• structural members
subjected to axial tensile
force
▪ truss members
▪ cables in suspension
bridges
Tension Members;

• structuralmemberssubjectedtoaxialtensileforce
▪ trussmembers
▪ cablesinsuspensionbridges
▪ bracingforbuildings
Tensile Stress;

T
ft = – stress capacity
A
Pt = FtA – tensile capacity
Allowable
Tensile
Stress;
Ft = 0.60Fy
on gross area
 Allowable
Tensile
Stress;

Ft = 0.50Fu – on effective net area

Gross Area;
• gross area of a member at any point shall be determined by summing products
of thickness and gross width of each element as measured normal to axis of
member
At = Σwiti
• for angles, the gross width shall be the sum of widths of the legs less thickness
A= a+b–t
Net Area;
• presence of a hole obviously increases unit stress in a tension member even if hole is occupied by a
rivet or a bolt
dh = db + 2.0 mm
• in case of a chain of holes extending across a part in any diagonal or zigzag line, net width of part shall
be obtained by deducting from gross width sum of diameters of all holes in the chain and adding, for
each gage space, the quantity;

s2
c =
4g

c
Net Area;
• for angles, gage for bolts in opposite adjacent legs shall be sum of gages from
back of angles less thickness;

• critical net area of part is obtained from that chain which gives the least net
width;
Effective Net Area;
• when a member other
than a flat plate or bar is
loaded in axial tension
until failure, its actual
tensile failure stress will
probably be less than the
tensile strength of steel
Effective Net Area;
• when load is transmitted directly to each of the cross-
sectional elements by connectors, effective net area
can be computed by;
Ae = An
• when load is transmitted by bolts or rivets through
some but not all of the cross-sectional elements of
members, effective net area shall be;
Ae = UAn
Effective Net Area;
• when load is transmitted by welds through some but
not all of the cross-sectional elements of members,
effective net area shall be;
Ae = UAg
• effective net area shall be taken as actual net area,
except that, for purpose of design calculations, it shall
not be taken as greater than 85% of gross area
Typical Values of U;
Situation U

for W, M, and S-shapes with flange width not less than two-thirds of the depth
and structural tees cut from these shapes, provided the connection is to the 0.90
flangesandhasnofewerthan3fastenersperlineinthedirectionofstress

for W, M, and S-shapes not meeting the conditions above, structural tees cut
fromthese shapesandall other shapes,including built-upshapes,providedthe 0.85
connectionhasnotlessthan3fastenersperlineinthedirectionofstress

allmemberswhoseconnectionshaveonly2fastenersperlineinthedirectionof
0.75
stress
Block Shear;

• susceptibility of a segment or “block” of material tear out

• similar to tensile rupture in the main part of the member
• combination of tension and shear on the failure path
 Block Shear;

P = AvFv +AtFt
Fv = 0.30Fu
Ft = 0.50Fu

where: Fv – allowableshearstress
Ft – allowabletensilestress
Av – netsheararea
At – nettensionarea
Pin-Connected Members;
• in structural analysis, any member connection designed to transfer axial and shear forces, but not
moments
• untilearlyyearsof20th century,nearlyallbridgeswerepin-connected
• today pin-connected bridges are seldom used because of advantages of bolted and welded
connections
• troublewithpin-connectedtrusseswaswearingofpinsinholescausingloosenessofjoints
Eyebars;
de
P
• astraightbar,usuallyofmetal,withahole("eye")at D W d
eachendforfixingtoothercomponents
de
• used in structures such as bridges, in settings in eyebars
which only tension, and never compression, is
applied
CodeProvisionsforEyebars;
de
P
• widthofbodyofaneyebarshallbe; D W d

W ≤ 8t de

eyebars
• thicknessshallbe;
t ≥ 12mm
• distance from hole edge to plate edge perpendicular to
directionofappliedloadshallbe;
2 3
W ≤ de ≤ W
3 4
Code Provisionsfor Eyebars ;
• pindiametershallbe; de
P
7 D W d
dp ≥ W
8
de
• pinholediametershallbe;
eyebars
d = dp + 0.8
• for steel having a yield stress greater than 483 MPa, hole
diametershallbe;
d ≤ 5t
NSCP 2015 –505 DESIGN OF
MEMBERS FOR COMPRESSION
STRENGTH

1. For doubly symmetric and singly symmetric members the limit state of flexural buckling is
applicable.

2. For singly symmetric and unsymmetric members, and certain doubly symmetric members, such as
cruciform or built-up columns, the limit states of torsional or flexural-torsional buckling are also
applicable.
NSCP 2015 505.2 Slenderness Limitations and Effective Length
The effective length factor, K, for calculation of column
slenderness,
KL/r, shall be determined in accordance with Section 503
NSCP 2015 505.3 Compressive Strength for Flexural Buckling of Members
Without Slender Elements
This section applies to compression members with compact and noncompact sections as defined in Section 502.4 for uniformly
compressed elements
XSTRUCTURES
ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS
PRC ACCREDITED CPD PROVIDER | ACCREDITATION NO. 2018-054

1
4
Structural Analysis and Design of
Steel – Framed Structures
using

Bentley Bentley Bentley

STAAD.Pro x RAM
Connection
x Steel
Autodrafter

1
4
Course Outline:
PART1 – STAAD.PRO SETTINGS PART 2 AND 3 – PROJECT OVERVIEW AND BUILDING LOADS

SOME OF THE IMPORTANT SETTINGS, TOOLS AND 2. PROJECTOVERVIEW

C OMMANDS THAT USERS SHOULD REMEMBER WHEN
DOING DESIGN WITH STAAD.PRO 3. BUILDING LOADS

• UNITS, GLOBAL AXISAND INTERFAC E • DEAD LOADS

SETUP • LIVE LOADS
• GLOBAL AXISORIENTATION • WIND LOADS
• STAAD.PRO LOC AL AXISORIENTATION • WIND LOAD CALCULATION FOR COMPONENTS AND
• SPAC E BAR QUIC K C OMMANDS C LADDING (C &C S) FOR PURLIN DESIGN

• SELECTC URSOR • WIND LOAD CALCULATION FOR COMPONENTS AND

C LADDING (C &C S) FOR TRUSSDESIGN
• VIEW TOOLS
• WIND LOAD CALCULATION FOR MAIN WIND-FORCE
• VIEW SELECTED OBJECTSONLY RESISTING SYSTEM (MWFRS) FOR BUILDING FRAME
• C OMMAND FILE EDITOR ANALYSISAND DESIG N
• STAAD OUTPUTFILE • SEISMIC LOADS

1
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Course Outline:
PART 4 – ROOF FRAMING ANALYSIS AND DESIGN • PRELIMINARY ANALYSISAND OUTPUTREVIEW AND
USING STAAD.PRO INTERPRETATIONS
• PURLIN DESIGN • COM PARING WIND SHEAR AND SEISMIC SHEAR
• TRUSSDESIGN
• LOAD COMBINATIONS
PART 5 –STRUCTURE MODELING, ANALYSIS AND
DESIGN USING STAAD.PRO • LOAD ENVELOPES

• CREATING THE 3D MODEL • DRIFTCHECK FOR SEISMIC

• DEFINING NODE AND MEMBER • DRIFTCHECK FOR WIND

SPECIFICATIONS
• RUNNING THE FINAL ANALYSIS
• RIGID DIAPHRAGMS
PART6 – STEEL MEMBER DESIGN
• RELEASES
• SETTINGUP STEEL DESIGN PARAMETERS ( NSCP 2015 –
• MODEL MANAGEMENT LRFD METHOD)
• CODE CHECK FOR BEAMS, GIRDERS, COLUMNS AND
• LOAD APPLICATIONS
BRACING
• BEAM AND GIRDER VERTICAL DEFLECTION CHECK
• MATERIAL TAKEOFF

1
4
Course Outline:
PART 7 – STEEL JOINT CONNECTION DESIGN USING RAM CONNECTION
• BEAM TO GIRDER SHEAR CONNECTION DESIGN
• BEAM TO COLUMN SHEAR CONNECTION DESIGN
• BEAM TO COLUMN MOMENT CONNECTION DESIGN
• BRACE CONNECTION DESIGN
• BASE PLATE DESIGN
• BEAM SPLICE DESIGN
• COLUMN SPLICE DESIGN

PART 8 – DRAWING GENERATION USING STAAD STEEL AUTODRAFTER

• PREPARING FLOOR FRAMING PLANS
• PREPARING ELEVATIONS AND SECTIONS

1
4
Code References
• NSCP 2015, National Structural Code of the Philippines
• UBC 1997, Uniform Building Code
• ASCE 7-10, American Society of Civil Engineers
• AISC 360-10, American Institute of Steel Construction
• IBC 2012, International Building Code 2012

1
5
PART 1: STAAD.PRO SETTINGS
UNITS, GLOBAL AXIS AND INTERFACE SETUP

1
5
STAAD.PRO GLOBAL AXIS STAAD.PRO LO CAL AXIS
ORIENTATION ORIENTATION

1
5
Local axis system for various cross sections

1
5
THE SPACE BAR QUICK COMMANDS

• The space bar quick

commands will help the user to
access the most used
commands throughout the
structure modeling, analysis
and design. A user can
customize the commands that
he/she wants to include in the
space bar quick commands.

• As shown is the author’s

preference included
commands for his space bar
quick commands. We will use
this on the entire training.

15
4
SELECT CURSOR

• Different cursors are available

for selecting the various types
of STAAD.Pro entities. Each
cursor selects specific types of
objects for editing or
manipulation. Having specific
cursors can be very convenient
when assigning properties
where various types of entities
are crowded together.

15
5
VIEW TOOLS VIEW SELECTED OBJECTS ONLY TOOL

• Used to easily manipulate and • Used to isolate selected objects

control views

156
COMMAND FILE EDITOR

• When structure geometry is

created in the graphic al user
interface, STAAD.Pro
automatically convertsyour
a ctions into a command
language and stores them in a
command file, a simple text
file in ASCIIformat.

• As you become more

experienced in using
STAAD.Pro, you may find that it
is easier to make quic k
changes to certain values or
design parameters in the
command file editor rather
than adjusting the model in
the graphic al user interface.

15
7
STAAD OUTPUT FILE

• During the analysis

process, STAAD.Pro
creates an Output file. This
file provides important
information on whether
the analysis was
performed properly.
• For example, if STAAD.Pro
encounters an instability
problem during the
analysis process, it will be
reported in the output file.

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PART 2: PROJECT OVERVIEW
• Project Name: Multi-Purpose Steel-Framed Building Structure (3 Storey)
• Location: Intramuros Manila (around 10.4 km from known seismic fault)
• Occupancy :III– Special Occupancy structures
• Building Lateral Frame: Special Moment Frame /
Special Concentrically Braced Frame
• Foundation System: Isolated Footing

15
9
GROUND FLOOR PLAN

16
0
SECOND FLOOR PLAN

16
1
THIRD FLOOR PLAN

16
2
ROOF PLAN

16
3
ROOF FRAMING PLAN

16
4
ELEVATION

16
5
PART 3: BUILDING LOADS
▪ Dead Load, DL1

- Selfweight (steel at 76.82 kN/m3)

▪ Super Imposed Dead Load, DL2

- Floor loads

16
6
BUILDING LOADS
▪ Super Imposed Dead Load, DL2
- Member Loads

• 8.43 kN/m member load, this came from 4” (100mm) CHB load

• Height of 4” CHB =3.6m(story height) – 0.77m (beam depth) =2.83 m

• So member load =2.98 x 2.83 = 8.43 kN/m

• 15.59 kN/m member load, this came from 4” (100mm) CHB load

• Height of 4” CHB =6.0 m(story height) – 0.77m (beam depth) =5.23 m

• So member load =2.98 x 5.23 = 15.59 kN/m

• 6.85 kN/m member load, this came from 4” (100mm) CHB load

• Height of 4” CHB =6.0 m(story height) –1.4m (truss depth) =4.6 m *½(to
c onsider triangular load)

• So member load =2.98 x 2.30 = 6.85 kN/m

• Stair loads =0.5 kN/m2 x 5.3m / 2 = 1.33 kN/m

• Point Loads (from truss analysis)

• 27.31 kN as per separate STAAD.Pro analysis, Say 28.00 kN

16
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BUILDING LOADS

• For 1.6mm thk deck with 100mm thk slab,

w =0.07 x 25 kN/m3 =1.75 kN/m2

• For 1.6mm thk deck with 120mm thk slab,

w =0.088 x 25 kN/m3 =2.20 kN/m2

▪ Live Load
• The live loads used in this project were
calculated in accordance with NSCP 2015
and ASCE 7-10.

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BUILDING LOADS
Purlin Design Loads
Live Load
Dead Load

Roof live load =0.6 kN/m2

Selfweight (automated by STAAD.Pro)

=0.6 X 0.8 =0.48 KN/m

Roofing sheet =0.05 kN/m2
Insulation sheet =0.05 KN/m2

Total =0.10 KN/m2

=0.1 x 0.8 = 0.08 KN/m

16
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BUILDING LOADS
Truss Design Loads
Dead Load

Selfweight (automated by STAAD.Pro) MEP =0.15 KN/m2

Roofing sheet =0.05 kN/m2 *MEP =mechanical, electrical and plumbing

Insulation sheet =0.05 KN/m2 =0.15 x 3.75 =0.56 KN/m (bottom c hord load)
Purlins =0.10 KN/m2
Live Load

Total =0.20 KN/m2

Roof live load =0.6 kN/m2

=0.2 x 3.75 = 0.75 KN/m (top c hord load)

=0.6 X 3.75 =2.25 KN/m (top c hord load)

170
BUILDING LOADS
▪ Wind Load
Components & Cladding using Simplified Method

17
1
BUILDING LOADS
▪ Wind Load
Components & Cladding using Simplified Method

Wind Speed (Special Occupancy), V:

250 KPH

17
2
BUILDING LOADS
▪ Wind Load
Components & Cladding using Simplified Method
Exposure Category: B

17
3
BUILDING LOADS
▪ Wind Load
Components & Cladding using Simplified Method
Topographic Factor, Kzt: 1.0

17
4
BUILDING LOADS
▪ Wind Load
Components & Cladding using Simplified Method
Wind Pressure at h=9m, pnet9:

17
5
BUILDING LOADS
▪ Wind Load
Components & Cladding using Simplified Method
Adjustment Factor, λ:(h= 16.2m)

17
6
BUILDING LOADS
▪ Wind Load for Purlin Design
Components & Cladding using Simplified Method
Wind Pressures at h=9m, pnet9:
(Simplifying the Effective Wind Area, 3.0m x 1.0 =3.0 m2; θ =25.2°)

17
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BUILDING LOADS
▪ Wind Load for Purlin Design
Components & Cladding using Simplified Method
Wind Pressures at h=9m, pnet9:
(Simplifying the Effective Wind Area, 3.0m x 1.0 =3.0 m2; θ =25.2°)

17
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BUILDING LOADS
▪ Wind Load for Purlin Design
Components & Cladding using Simplified Method
Adjusted Wind Pressures, pnet:

17
9
BUILDING LOADS
▪ Wind Load for Truss Design
Components & Cladding using Simplified Method
Wind Pressures at h=9m, pnet9:
(Simplifying the Effective Wind Area, 25.5m x 8.5 =216.75 m2; θ =25.2°)

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BUILDING LOADS
▪ Wind Load for Truss Design
Components & Cladding using Simplified Method
Wind Pressures at h=9m, pnet9:
(Simplifying the Effective Wind Area, 25.5m x 8.5 =216.75 m2; θ =25.2°)

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BUILDING LOADS
▪ Wind Load for Truss Design
Components & Cladding using Simplified Method
Adjusted Wind Pressures, pnet:

18
2
BUILDING LOADS
▪ Wind Load for Main Wind Force Resisting System

18
3
BUILDING LOADS
▪ Wind Load for Main Wind Force Resisting System

18
4
BUILDING LOADS
▪ Wind Load for Main Wind Force Resisting System

Case A (Case 1)
wind blows normal to ridge

Case B (Case2)
wind blows parallel to ridge

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5
BUILDING LOADS
▪ Earthquake Load, EX and EZ:
• Ct (Method A) - 0.0853 (Reinforced Concrete
Moment- Resisting Frames)
• Overstrengt - (See table)
h Factor, R
• Soil Profile Type - SD (Assumed)

• Seismic Zone - 0.4 (Zone 4)

Factor
• Seismic - A
Source Type
• Distance to - 10.4 km
Source
(km)
• Importance - 1.0 (Special Occupancy)
Factor, I
• Na and Nv - 1.0 and 1.2

18
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BUILDING LOADS
▪ Earthquake Load, EX and EZ:

18
7
BUILDING LOADS
▪ Earthquake Load, EX and EZ:

18
8
PART 4: ROOF FRAMING ANALYSIS
AND DESIGN USING STAAD.PRO

18
9
PURLIN DESIGN
• GEOMETRY AND PROPERTIES

19
0
PURLIN DESIGN
• SUPPORTS

19
1
PURLIN DESIGN
• DEADLOAD (DL1):

• ROOF LIVE LOAD (LLR1):

19
2
PURLIN DESIGN
• WIND LOAD DIRECT ACTION (WL1):

• WIND LOAD UPLIFT ACTION (WL2):

19
3
PURLIN DESIGN

Serviceability Check:
Deflection Limits (IBC):

Deformed Shape (LC 201):

19
4
 PURLIN DESIGN

Strength Check:
Parameters:
Code: AISC UNIFIED
2010
Method: LRFD
FYLD: 248000 Kpa
LX: 1.0 m
LY: 1.0 m

Utilization Ratio:

19
5
TRUSS DESIGN
• GEOMETRY AND PROPERTIES

19
6
TRUSS DESIGN
• Releases:

• Supports:

19
7
TRUSS DESIGN
• DEAD LOAD (DL1):

• ROOF LIVE LOAD (LLR1):

19
8
TRUSS DESIGN
• WIND LOAD DIRECT ACTION (WL1):

• WIND LOAD UPLIFT ACTION (WL2):

19
9
TRUSS DESIGN

Serviceability Check:
Deflection Limits(IBC):

Deformed Shape (LC 201):

20
0
 TRUSS DESIGN
Strength Check:
Parameters:
Code: AISC UNIFIED 2010
Method: LRFD
FYLD: 248000 Kpa
LX: 0.8 m, 4.43 m, 6.4m
LY: 0.8 m, 4.43 m, 6.4m

Utilization Ratio:

20
1
TRUSS DESIGN
• DEAD LOAD REACTIONS:

• ROOF LIVE LOAD REACTIONS:

20
2
PART 5: STRUCTURE MODELING,
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN USING
STAAD.PRO
CREATING THE 3D MODEL

203
GEOMETRY
GF TO 2F/2F TO 3F COLUMNS AND 2F/3F FRAMING

20
4
GEOMETRY
SECOND AND THIRD FLOOR FRAMING

20
5
GEOMETRY
3F TO ROOF COLUMNS AND ROOF BEAM FRAMING

20
6
SECTION PROPERTIES
GF TO 2F COLUMNS AND BRACINGS

20
7
SECTION PROPERTIES
SECOND FLOOR FRAMING

20
8
SECTION PROPERTIES
2F TO 3F COLUMNS AND BRACINGS

20
9
SECTION PROPERTIES
THIRD FLOOR FRAMING

21
0
SECTION PROPERTIES
3F TO ROOF COLUMNS AND BRACINGS

21
1
SECTION PROPERTIES
ROOF FRAMING

21
2
DEFINING AND APPLYING SUPPORTS

21
3
DEFINING NODE AND MEMBER SPECIFICATIONS

This command is used to create rigid floor diaphragms

without the need to specify a master joint at each. When
specified, this command directs the engine to perform the
following:

1) calculate the center of mass for each rigid diaphragm

(where master joint is to be located) considering the mass
model of the structure. The mass must be modeled using
mass reference load.
2) create, internally, an analytical node at the center of mass
location to be included during analysis (unless a master
node is specified) if an existing analytical node exists at this
point, then the existing joint is used in lieu of c reating a new
joint.

Rigid diaphragms levels are only level +3.60 M (second

floor) and +7.20 M (third floor)

21
4
DEFINING NODE AND MEMBER SPECIFICATIONS

21
5
MODEL MANAGEMENT

NODE NUMBERING
BASE will start 1
2F will start at 2000
3F will start at 3000
RF will start at 4000

21
6
MODEL MANAGEMENT

BEAM NUMBERING
For beams,
2F will start at 2000
3F will start at 3000
RF will start at 4000

For c olumns and brac es,

GF to 2F will start 100
2F to 3F will start 200
3F to RF will start 300

21
7
MODEL MANAGEMENT

GROUPING

F2 - 2nd flr floor group

F3 - 3rd flr floor group

21
8
LOAD APPLICATIONS
For better load arrangement we will utilize the Reference Load function of the program.
R1 DL1 – self weight
R2 DL2 – super-imposed dead load

21
9
LOAD APPLICATIONS
▪ SEISMIC DEFINITIONS On additional note in performing seismic
analysis in STAAD.Pro, user has to add the
below additional c ommands in order the
program to report seismic story shears:

PERFORM ANALYSISPRINT LOAD DATA

C HANGE

22
0
LOAD APPLICATIONS

▪ SEISMIC WEIGHT

22
1
LOAD APPLICATIONS

22
2
PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS

It is recommended to do a preliminary
analysis before creating any load
c ombinations. This will let the user to c heck
the model for any errors that may occur.
This is also the right phase on the design to
fix any preliminary errors on the computer
model.

Verifying the results

In Post Proc essing go to Reactions page >
Static C heck Results, to c heck if the
variance of loads applied and
corresponding reactions are equal to zero.
Zero difference indicates that loads were
fully transferred.

22
3
COMPARING WIND SHEAR AND SEISMIC SHEAR

22
4
CREATING LOAD COMBINATIONS

For simplicity, assume 1.0 for the

redundancy factor.

22
5
CREATING LOAD ENVELOPES

101 TO 127 ENVELOPE 1000 TYPE STRENGTH

201 TO 216 ENVELOPE 2000 TYPE SERVICEABILITY
301 TO 304 ENVELOPE 3000 TYPE SERVICEABILITY
401 TO 421 ENVELOPE 4000 TYPE SERVICEABILITY
501 TO 519 ENVELOPE 5000 TYPE STRENGTH

22
6
CHECKING DRIFT FOR SEISMIC LOAD

Drift is a serviceability issue and should be limited as much as possible while staying within reason.
The allowable seismic story drift Is calculated using UBC 1997 section 1630.9 and NSCP 2015 section 208.6.4.

22
7
CHECKING DRIFT FOR WIND LOAD

Drift limits due to wind in common usage for building design are within 1/600 to 1/400 of the building or story
height. These limits generally are sufficient to minimize damage to cladding and nonstructural walls and

partitions. In this building design training we used 1/500 or (0.002) to consider the average allowable drift.

22
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RUNNING THE FINAL ANALYSIS
Adding additional analysis c ommands
- Print C g (C enter of Gravity)
- Print Dia C r (c enter of rigidity)
- Print Story Stiffness (Story Stiffness)
- Soft Story C heck ASC E7

22
9
PART 6: STEEL MEMBER DESIGN
SETTINGUPSTEELDESIGN PARAMETERS ( NSCP 2015 – LRFD METHOD)
& CODE CHECK FOR BEAMS, GIRDERS, COLUMNS AND BRACING

23
0
BEAM AND GIRDER VERTICAL DEFLECTION CHECK
Deflection Limits(IBC):

23
1
BEAM AND GIRDER VERTICAL DEFLECTION CHECK

23
2
MATERIAL TAKE OFF

23
3
PART 7: STEEL JOINT CONNECTION DESIGN
BEAM TO GIRDER SHEAR CONNECTION DESIGN ( SP-BG)

234
BEAM TO COLUMN SHEAR CONNECTION DESIGN (SP-BCW)

23
5
BEAM TO COLUMN MOMENT CONNECTION DESIGN (DW-BCF)

23
6
BEAM TO COLUMN MOMENT CONNECTION DESIGN (SP-BCF)

23
7
BEAM TO COLUMN MOMENT CONNECTION DESIGN (FP – BCW Welded)

23
8
BRACE CONNECTION DESIGN (CVR)

23
9
BASE PLATE DESIGN (PINNED BP)

24
0
BEAM SPLICE DESIGN (FP – BS Welded)

24
1
BEAM SPLICE DESIGN (SP - BS)

24
2
COLUMN SPLICE DESIGN (FP – CS ½)

24
3
COLUMN SPLICE DESIGN (SP – CS ½)

244
PART 8: DRAWING GENERATION
STAAD AUTODRAFTER

245
PREPARING FLOOR FRAMING PLANS

246
PREPARING ELEVATIONS AND SECTIONS

247
PART 7 – STEEL JOINT CONNECTION DESIGN USING RAM CONNECTION
(Open STAAD model file Steel17.std)

The RAM Connection design mode is pr ovided within STAAD.Pro in order to design steel-to-steel connections. It automatically utilizes
connection member dimensions, for ces, and load combinations. Similar to the Post- Processing mode, the RAM Connection design mode
with in STAAD.Pro can be invoked only after an analysis has been performed.
Before we go to the connection design, let us ha ve a quick review of shear conne ction and moment connection.

Shear Connections
Shear connections are one of the most common steel connections in practice. As the name says, these connections can transfer only
shear forces to connected members. Moment transfer or moment continuity cannot be achieved using this steel connection.
The arrangement is less complicated and easy to fabric ate in shops. She ar connect ions are achieved using shear plates, cleat angles,
fin plates and bolting. Shea r connections are widely used as column-to-beam and beam-to-beam steel connection.
There are lot of types of she ar conne ction and below are some of the common types,

24
8
Moment Connections
Moment conne ctions is the other type of steel conne ction, which is used when moment transfer is
necessary in addition to shear transfer between connected members. The complexi ty of connection
depends on the shape of connecting members, percentage of moment transfer required and
application.
Unlike shear conne ctions, flanges of an I section of a moment connection are restrained to achieve
moment transfer between members.
As a sample, moment connection for a beam-to-column can be achieved by using an end plate, which
is welded to the end face of the beam section. A beam which is directly welded to a supporting
column may also assumed as a moment connection.
7.1 BEAM TO GIRDER SHEAR CONNECTION DESIGN

We have 3 section types of beam that are

having shear connection to the girder
namely,
W530 x 82
W610 x 84
W760 x 196
As much as possible, try to make the
conne ction typical for every steel section
type. In this training, we will have 3 typical
types of she ar conne ction according to
section size s. Limiting the number of
connection types will help the designer to
simplify the entire connection design for a
project.
)

25
0
7.1.1 In Post-Processing select all W530 x 82 beams and we will search for the single beam which will have the maximum end she ar
member force and axial force from Load Combo 101 to 127

For W530 x 82 (staad beam group B1)

25
1
Max Shear-Y force = 102.57 kN (LC-102)
We will only design a she ar conne ction on this beam an d the final detail will be used for all similar
sections.

25
2
7.1.2 Select the beam and girder intersec tion and go to RAM CONNECTION workflow,

25
3
25
4
7.1.4 Choose AISC 360-10 (LRFD), NSCP 2015 stee l design
code is similar to this code.

25
5
7.1.5 Select Single Plate BG SP-BG and click OK,

You should see this note after the design

25
6
7.1.6 A small gray triangle appeared at the joint intersec tion after the design. This represents connection design on that joint.
Double click that triangle to open the initial conne ction design.

25
7
This initial design can be modified according to designer’s settings.

25
8
25
9
7.1.7 Modify the connection geometry and finalize the connection design. Below setting
is the final setting for the connection design.

26
0
7.1.8 Reviewing calculation report by going into the Results tool,

26
1
26
2
 7.1.9 Click save tool to save the design

7.1.10 Do the same steps to design she ar connection for W610 x 84 and W760 x 196. Below are the final design for
W610 x 84 (staad beam group B2) Max Shear-Y = 130.53 kN (LC-102)

26
3
W760 x 196 (staad beam group B3) Max She ar-Y = 203.12 kN (LC-102)

26
4
2.BEAM TO COLUMN SHEAR CONNECTION DESIGN

The project has 8 beam-column she ar conne ctions which will be designed with uniform conne ction detail. Same like the
previous connections, we need to find whic h beam has the maximum end she ar force and axial force and then design
the connection there which will be th e typical connection design for all beam-column shear connection.

1. In Post-Proc essing select all W610 x 101 beams and we will search for the single beam which will have the maximum
end she ar member force and axial force from Load Combo 101 to 127

26
5
Max Axial Force = 67.69 kN
We will only design a she ar conne ction on this beam an d the final detail will be used for
all similar sections.

26
6
7.2.2 Select the beam and column interse ction and go to RAM CONNECTION workflow,

26
7
7.2.3 Select Single Plate BCW, SP BCW and click OK,

26
8
7.2.4 The program will provide you preliminary design whic h will most likely won’t perfe ctly suit to the actual condition of the
project. Modify the conne ction desi gn as needed as long as the demand-capacity-ratio (DCR) doesn’t exceeds 1.0.
You may simply set your design same as the given setting below.

26
9
3.BEAM TO COLUMN MOMENT CONNECTION DESIGN

1. BEAM TO COLUMN FLANGE CONNECTION

Highlighted below are the moment frames on Z-direct ion. All of the beams there are connected to column flanges. We will apply moment
conne ctio n between beams and column flanges.
There are 3 steel section sizes will be designed with moment connections
W610 x 84 (staad group MFB1), Max Moment-Z force = -425.80 kNm with She ar-Y = 223.86 kN (LC-108) W610 x 101 (staad group
MFB2)
and W760 x 196 (staad group MFB3)

27
0
Let us start designing moment conne ctions for W610 x 84
Select all W610 x 84 and determine which beam has the highest end moment force. You may use the same
procedure from the previous section to get the maximu m moment. But this time your criteria is Moment-Z
Load Combo 101 to 127

27
1
Max Moment-Z force = -425.80 kNm with She ar-Y = 223.86 kN
We will design a moment connection along with shear conn ection on this beam and the
final detail will be used for all similar sections.

27
2
2 conne ctions will be used on this beam-column-flange in tersection. First is the Direct weld connection to carry the end
moment force on the beam and the other is the single plate that will carry the end shear force.
Select beam and column intersection and apply Direct Weld BCF,

27
3
As per RAM Conne ction design the column support is failing on

➢ Top local flange bending and

➢ Local web yielding
These local failures can be solved by adding flange stiffeners and doubler plates to the connection. Below is the final
design and detail for using direct weld moment connection.

27
4
27
5
Let us add the other connection on that same joint. This single plate shear connection will carry the end shear force from the
beam.

27
6
27
7
This is the final moment conne ction design for W610 x 84
Mz = -425.80 kNm , Fy = 223.86 kN , (LC-108)
Moment weld size = full penetration Flange stiffener (both sides) = 18 mm
Doubler plate (both sides) = 10 mm
Bolts = ¾” (20mm) A325 bolts – 5 pcs She ar plate thickness = 6mm
Fillet weld thk = 6mm

27
8
 Final joint design for W760 x 196
Final joint design for W610 x 101
Mz = -347.35 kNm, Fy = 150.99 kN (LC-108) Mz = 851.21 kNm, Fy = 348.98 kN (LC-111)

Moment weld size = full penetration Flange stiffener = Moment weld size = full penetration Flange stiffener
not needed Doubler plate = not needed (both sides) = 18 mm Do ubler plate (both sides) = 10
mm
Bolts = ¾” (20mm) A325 bolts – 4 pcs She ar plate
thickness = 6mm Bolts = ¾” (20mm) A325 bolts – 7 pcs She ar plate
Fillet weld thk = 6mm thickness = 6mm
Fillet weld thk = 6mm

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7.3.2 BEAM TO COLUMN WEB CONNECTION
Highlighted below are the moment frames on X-directi on. All of the beams there are connected to column webs. We will apply moment
connection between beams and column webs.
There are 4 steel section sizes will be designed with moment connections W610 x 84, W610 x 101, W610 x 113, and W760
x 196

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Let us start designing moment conne ctions for W610 x 84
Select all W610 x 84 and determine which beam has the highest end moment force. You may use the same procedure from the previous
section to get th e maximum moment. Force criteria is Moment-Z
Load Combo 101 to 127
Max Moment-Z force = -308.334 kNm with Shear-Y = 223.108 kN
We will design a moment conne ction on this beam and the final detail will be used for all similar sections.

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Select beam and column intersection and apply Flange Plate BCW, FP BCW
Welded And click OK

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The program will provide you preliminary design which will most likely won’t perfectly suit to actual
condition of the project. Modify the connection design as needed as long as the demand-capacity-ratio
(DCR) doesn’t exceeds 1.0.
You may simply set your connection design same as the given below,

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Final joint design for W610 x 101
Mz = -285.517 kNm, Fy = 150.642 kN

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Final joint design for W610 x 113
Mz = -58.305 kNm, Fy = 19.032 kN

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7.4 BRACE CONNECTION DESIGN (GUSSET CONNECTIONS)

Highlighted below are the structure’s co ncentric braced-fra mes on X-direction.

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We will be only designing the
connections 1, 2 and 3 and
the rest will be left to trainees
for their practice.

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7.4.1 Let us start with
the Chevron Connection
design,
Force criteria is Axial
Force, Load Combo 101
to 127

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Max Axial Force = 609.011 kN ( compression)

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Modify the connection design as needed as long as the demand-capacity-ratio (DCR) doesn’t exceeds 1.0.
You may simply set your connection design same as the given below. This connection detail will be used to all chevron bracings on
ground and second floor. The chev ron conne ction on the third floor will be left to the trainee for his/her practice.

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7.4.2 Let us design the next bracing connection whic h is the column-beam-brace connection. Due to many forces involve on the
connection we will let the program to design group conne ction.
Select the column-beam-brace intersections,
Pick Gusset Connections and choose Gusset Plate CBB, CBB_DW and click OK,

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Eight(8) CBB gusset connections were design. We will edit the gusset conne ction
which has the highest DCR which is 0.96.
Double click the joint to edit in the conne ction pad.

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Modify the connection design as needed as long as the demand-capacity-ratio (DCR) doesn’t exceeds 1.0.
You may simply set your connection design same as the given below. This connection detail will be used to all
gusset column-be am bracings on second floor. The rema ining conne ction on the third floor will be left to the
trainee for his/her practice.

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7.4 BASE PLATE DESIGN

For simplicity of the

design we will make the
base plat e design typical
in accordance to column
section and support
configuration. Based on
these parameters we will
have 3 types of base
plates. We will group the
base plate design same
as below,

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7.4.1 Design of Base Plate BP1. Total 11 typical base plates.
Select and isolate the highlighted colu mns below and set the view to front view,

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Using the Select Geometry Cursor, select the columns and
support.

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Apply Pinned Base Plate connection and click OK,

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After the design, Node 16 base plat e shows the maximum DCR, we will modify this base plate design accordingly to have a
more compelling design deta il. Double click this conne ction from the table and modify the geometry from the connection
pad.

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 XSTRUCTURES ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS ENGR. J OHN PAUL DELA ROSA

7.4.2 Design of Base Plate BP 2. Total 8 typical base plates.

Do the same procedure from BP1 and modify the design. Double click Node 30 base plate to modify
the design.

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BP2 will fail on breakout of group of anchors in she ar.

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This can be solved by utilizing the pede stal reinforcing with the settings below.
Please note that this is just a sample reinforcing. A user may refer the exact setting from reinforced-concrete pedestal design.
The setting below means the pedestal has 20 nos. of Φ25mm main rebar and 8 legs of Φ12mm in each direction.

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7.4.3 Design of Base Plate BP 3. Total 8 typical base plates.
Do the same procedure from BP1 and modify the design.

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Double click Node 37 base plate to modify the design.

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Pedestal reinforcing will be utilized as anchors reinforcing since this base plate has huge tension and she ar reaction from column
which result ed to breakout of concrete pedestal in shear and tension.
See sample below reinforcing settings. Please note that th is is just a sample reinforcing. A user may refer the exact setting from
reinforced-concrete pedestal design.
The setting below means that the pedestal has 20 nos. of Φ32mm main rebar and 8 legs of Φ16mm in each direction.

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6.BEAM and COLUMN SPLICE DESIGN

In some situations, it is required to join structural members along their length

due to the unavailability of commercial length of sections and also due to
transporta tion and erection constraints. Such joints are called splices. Splices
have to be designed so as to transm it all the member forces and at the same
time provide sufficient stiffness and ease in erecti on. Splices are usually located
away from critical sections. In members subjected to instability, the splice shou
ld be preferably located near the po int of lateral restraint else the splic e may
have to be designed for additional forces arising due to instability effects. In all
cases, the requirements of the code should be satisfied.

1.Beam Splice Design

The project has 12-meter beam between Grid C & E as sh own below. For splice
design sample purposes, let us say that there’s no available 12-meter
commercial beam size for W760 x 196 so we have to design a beam splic e to
join a 2-piece beam to for m a total 12-meter beam. Let us put the splice
location 3-meter from the left support.

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In order for us to design a beam splice connection al ong length of the 12-meter beam, we need to introduce
a node that will serves as the splice location. That node will be used to collect all the internal forces needed

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to design the connection.

0
In order for us to design a beam splice connection al ong length of the 12-meter beam, we need to introduce
a node that will serves as the splice location. That node will be used to collect all the internal forces needed

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to design the connection.

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Right click and insert a node 3-meter from left support and run again the
analysis.

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Go to Connection Design workflow and start design the beam splice connection. There are two included
connections involve in this beam splic e conne ction. Firs t is the flange plates (bolted or welded) and the
other is the splice shear plate. Flange plates transfer the be nding moment (Mz) and Axial force (Fx) from
left beam to right beam or vice-versa. While the shear plate/s transfer the shear (Fy).
The image below is the sample of the beam splice design for this project.

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7.6.2 Design the bolted flange plates.
Click the smart connection and select Flange Plate BS, and click OK.

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Modify the connection detail as needed to get critical strength ratio < 1.0,

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7.6.3 Design the she ar plate.
Click the smart connection and select Single Plate BS, and click OK.

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Modify the connection detail as needed to get critical strength ratio < 1.0,

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The project has 13.2-meter column leng th. For the purpose of learning the column splice design, we will just assume that
we need to splice the column on 3 rd floor. Location of splic e is 1.2m above of 7.2m level.

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Right click the column and insert a node 1.2-meter from bottom end and run again the
analysis.

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Go to Connection Design workflow and
start design the column splice connection.
There are two included connections involve
in this column splic e conne ction. Firs t is
the flange plates (bolted or welded) and the
other is the splic e shear plate. Flange
plates transfer the bending moment (Mz)
and Axial force (Fx) from top column to
bottom column. While the shear plate/s
transfer the shear (Fy).

The image below is the sample of the co

lumn splic e design for this project.

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7.6.5 Design the bolted flange plates.
Click the smart connection and select Flange Plate CS, and click OK.

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Modify the connection detail as needed to get critical strength ratio < 1.0,

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7.6.6 Design the she ar plate.
Click the basic connection and select Single Plate CS, and click OK.

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Modify the connection detail as needed to get critical strength ratio < 1.0,

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 XSTRUCTURES ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS ENGR. JOHN PAUL DELA ROSA

PART 8 – GENERAL ARRANGEMENT

DRAWING GENERATION USING STEEL
AUTODRAFTER

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PART 8 – GENERAL ARRANGEMENT DRAWING GENERATION USING STEEL AUTODRAFTER
(Open STAAD model file XSTRUCTURES STEEL DESIGN_STEEL AD.STD)
The STEEL AUTODRAFTER is a tool that extracts drawings and material take off from a structural steel model prepared in
STAAD.Pro. It produces plans at any leve l, and sections in any of the orthogonal directions.
The STEEL AUTODRAFTER requires that the model be successfully run before it can be used to generate such drawings and
material takeoff.

8.1 PREPARING FLOOR FRAMING PLANS

Make sure that the model is completely analyzed, so the user should run the analysis first,

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XSTRUCTURES ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS ENGR. J OHN PAUL DELA ROSA

Select the Steel AutoDrafter from the Workflow,

Setup the drawing unit to Metric

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Select the Steel AutoDrafter from the Workflow,

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Producing framing plan for EL +3.60
Select any element from level +3.60 and press right mouse click, And select Draw Plan @Y = 3600

Set the scale into

1:100 and click
the pencil tool to
produce the
drawing.

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This should be the output generated

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Click the disk tool to save the drawing as dxf format.

Do the same procedure to EL +7.20 and +13.20

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8.2 PREPARING ELEVATIONS AND SECTIONS

Producing elevation section at Grid 1

Select any element at Grid 1 and press right mouse click, And select Draw Section @Z = 0

Set the scale into 1:100 and click

the pencil tool to produce the
drawing.

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This should be the output generated

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Click the disk tool to save the drawing as dxf format.

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 XSTRUCTURES ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS ENGR. JOHN PAUL DELA ROSA

PART 9 – REFERENCES

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 XSTRUCTURES ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS ENGR. JOHN PAUL DELA ROSA

PART 9 – REFERENCES

➢STAAD.Pro help and technical contents, Bentley Systems 2018

➢RAM Conne ction help and technical contents, Bentley Systems
2018
➢National Structural Code of The Philippines (NSCP 2015), ASEP
➢Uniform Building Code of 1997 (UBC 97)
➢ASCE 7-10, American Society of Civil Engineers
➢AISC 360-10, American Institute of Steel Construction
➢IBC 2012, International Building Code 2012

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 XSTRUCTURES
• ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS
• PRC ACCREDITED CPD PROVIDER | ACCREDITATION NO. 2018-054

Thank you for attending this training!

See you on the next one!
Happy Learning! 😁

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