​Matching Headings Questions Strategy Practice

Esperanto: more than just a language

A Esperanto is the most widely spoken constructed language in the world. A

constructed language (sometimes called a conlang) is a language whose phonology,
grammar, and vocabulary, instead of having developed naturally, are consciously
devised. Esperanto was created by Polish ophthalmologist L. L. Zamenhof in 1887,
and that was the year that he published a book detailing the language, Unua Libro
("First Book"), under the pseudonym "Dr. Esperanto". The word esperanto translates
into English as "one who hopes".

B Zamenhof's goal was to create an easy and flexible language that would serve as a
universal second language to foster world peace and international understanding,
and to build a community of speakers, as he believed that one could not have a
language without such a community.

C His original title for the language was simply "the international language" (lingvo
internacia), but early speakers grew fond of the name Esperanto and began to use it
as the name for the language just two years after its creation; the name quickly
gained prominence and has been used as an official name ever since.

D In 1905, Zamenhof published Fundamento de Esperanto as a definitive guide to the

language. Later that year, he organized the first World Esperanto Congress, an
ongoing annual conference, in Boulogne-sur-Mer, France. The first congress ratified
the Declaration of Boulogne, which established several foundational premises for the
Esperanto movement; one of its pronouncements is that Fundamento de Esperanto
is the only obligatory authority over the language; another is that the Esperanto
movement is exclusively a linguistic movement and that no further meaning can ever
be ascribed to it. Zamenhof also proposed to the first congress that an independent
body of linguistic scholars should steward the future evolution of Esperanto,
foreshadowing the founding of the Akademio de Esperanto (in part modeled after the
Académie française), which was established soon thereafter. Since 1905, the
congress has been held in a different country every year, with the exceptions of
those years during the World Wars. In 1908, a group of young Esperanto speakers
led by the Swiss Hector Hodler established the Universal Esperanto Association in
order to provide a central organization for the global Esperanto community.

E The development of Esperanto has continued unabated into the 21st century. The
advent of the Internet has had a significant impact on the language, as learning it
has become increasingly accessible on platforms such as Duolingo, and as speakers
have increasingly networked on platforms such as Amikumu. With approximately two

Note: This is not a real IELTS test. This practice test is to give you an opportunity to practise
implementing the strategies from the course. It does not reflect the scores, time needed or
level of difficulty of a real IELTS test.
 ​Matching Headings Questions Strategy Practice
million speakers, a small portion of whom are even native speakers, it is the most
widely spoken constructed language in the world. Although no country has adopted
Esperanto officially, Esperantujo is the name given to the collection of places where
it is spoken, and the language is widely employed in world travel, correspondence,
cultural exchange, conventions, literature, language instruction, television, and radio.

F Esperanto is most useful for neutral communication. This means that Esperanto
does not favour a certain people or culture, and promotes an atmosphere of equal
rights, tolerance and true internationalism. This can be seen in Esperanto
conferences, books, magazines, music, the Internet, and even in private and family
life.

G Young people especially can have very meaningful experiences using Esperanto: by
staying as a guest in private homes abroad and making direct contact with their
cultures, having fun at international festivals, gaining knowledge and skills at
seminars, coming into contact with several foreign languages and learning more
about them, and eventually actively working with TEJO (the World Esperanto Youth
Organisation) and gaining valuable experience.

H With the Pasporta Servo, a special Esperanto social networking service, a person
can stay with locals all around the world (over 1350 homes in 89 countries) who host
other Esperanto speakers for free. The hosts get the pleasure of meeting people
from around the world, and travellers get free lodging.

I There is an Esperanto event happening somewhere around the world every day of
the year and they are more than just people speaking Esperanto. During the day, a
visitor can find everything from interesting lectures to massage classes, and the
night comes alive with drinking and dancing. The Universala Kongreso draws
anywhere from 2000-3000 people. The largest annual youth gatherings are for
anyone under 30 and are attended by 200-400 participants. Whether one is looking
to get to know people from around the world or is interested in an international
romance, these conferences are a great place to meet others.

J People can also use Esperanto right from the comfort of their home computer to
enrich the way they experience the Internet. They can use forums, discussion lists
and chatrooms to hear the local point of view and read about the deep thoughts and
everyday experiences of people living in exotic countries in their blogs. Downloading
MP3 files is a different experience in Esperanto due to the vast number of cultures
creating Esperanto music.

Note: This is not a real IELTS test. This practice test is to give you an opportunity to practise
implementing the strategies from the course. It does not reflect the scores, time needed or
level of difficulty of a real IELTS test.
 ​Matching Headings Questions Strategy Practice
K Esperanto is also an excellent way to introduce children to foreign languages. Since
Esperanto comes from many languages, the rules are simple and few, conjugation is
almost non-existent, and there are no exceptions to be memorized, it can serve as a
starting point for young students to pursue other foreign languages. After having
mastered Esperanto, learning French, Spanish, Italian, or countless other languages
becomes much less intimidating.

Adapted from: h ​ ttps://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Esperanto/Introduction​ and

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanto

Questions 1-10
The passage has eleven sections labelled ​A-K
Choose the correct headings for Sections ​B-K​.

List of headings
i. A boon to young adults
ii. A gateway to language learning
iii. A language without prejudices
iv. A Polish dialect
v. A summary of the downsides
vi. Accommodation for nothing
vii. Youth conferences
viii. Man-made
ix. Present-day developments
x. The virtual experience
xi. The early days of the movement
xii. The first international language
xiii. The inventor’s objectives
xiv. The origin of the name
xv. The Swiss influence

E.g. Section A - viii

1. Section B
2. Section C
3. Section D
4. Section E
5. Section F

Note: This is not a real IELTS test. This practice test is to give you an opportunity to practise
implementing the strategies from the course. It does not reflect the scores, time needed or
level of difficulty of a real IELTS test.
 ​Matching Headings Questions Strategy Practice
6. Section G
7. Section H
8. Section I
9. Section J
10. Section K

(For answers, see next page.)

Note: This is not a real IELTS test. This practice test is to give you an opportunity to practise
implementing the strategies from the course. It does not reflect the scores, time needed or
level of difficulty of a real IELTS test.
 ​Matching Headings Questions Strategy Practice
Answer Key:
Answer guidance video:
https://www.loom.com/share/82f7d39081f645bbb009cb2ad2327570

1. xiii
2. xiv
3. xi
4. ix
5. iii
6. i
7. vi
8. vii
9. x
10. ii

Note: This is not a real IELTS test. This practice test is to give you an opportunity to practise
implementing the strategies from the course. It does not reflect the scores, time needed or
level of difficulty of a real IELTS test.